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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evaluating the extent of real exchange rate misalignment in China

Zhou, D. D. January 2009 (has links)
The dissertation investigates the issues pertaining to China’s fixed exchange rate policy and attempts to appraise the case for greater exchange rate flexibility. The thesis addresses three objectives: First, a critical appraisal of China’s exchange rate policy in the light of theoretical and empirical literature supporting greater flexibility in exchange rate; second, it builds a monetary dual exchange rate model and analyses in a dynamic theoretical framework the impact of nominal demand and price shocks due to over and undervalued currency. Third, using Chinese macroeconomic data it empirically examines the factors determining China’s real exchange rate fluctuations. After presenting a brief history of China’s exchange rate policy in the post-war period, an assessment of China’s fixed exchange rate policy is made, including the costs of maintaining its current peg. It is argued that the literature on China’s exchange rate regime has not reached a consensus, and further theoretical arguments are appraised regarding the reluctance to move to a more flexible exchange rate regime. A theoretical dual exchange rate monetary model, in the spirit of Flood and Marion (1983), is then developed to analyse the dynamics in the responses to nominal and real shocks. This provides a theoretical basis for analysing the underlying working mechanism and policy implications under some degree of capital control, to resemble the Chinese exchange rate regime. In the light of the theoretical analysis, empirical research is conducted using a structural vector auto-regression (SVAR) model to examine the effects of real exchange rate fluctuations to nominal and real shocks (represented by inflation and real GDP), in order to determine the case for exchange rate flexibility. Both the theoretical and empirical analyses complement to inform the ongoing debate on whether the current exchange rate regime in China should be made more flexible, and whether a more flexible regime is appropriate in stabilising the effects of macroeconomic shocks. The empirical findings reveal that the responses of the real exchange rate to nominal IX demand and real supply shocks are consistent with a managed exchange rate system that currently operates in China. In particular, the results show that, as China has been under a fixed exchange rate arrangement for much of the estimation period, the real exchange rate appreciates immediately in response to a positive nominal shock. The use of quarterly Chinese data in this study, which no previous study on China has used, makes it possible to identify to a greater degree the initial appreciation impact of a positive nominal shock on the real exchange rate, although the results are generally consistent with the previous study by Wang (2004) using annual data. The study finds that supply shocks are dominant in the fluctuations of output growth, and while both nominal and real shocks are significant the nominal contributes more than real shocks in real exchange rate fluctuations. Overall, these findings are consistent with other studies for developing countries and support a case for greater exchange rate flexibility for China.
2

Sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio e o agronegócio: uma análise de equilíbrio geral com base na estrutura produtiva brasileira de 1995. / Overvaluation of exchange rate and agribusiness: a general equilibrium analysis considering the brazilian productive structure of 1995.

Oliveira, João Carlos Vianna de 21 March 2002 (has links)
Partindo do pressuposto que o agronegócio brasileiro é tipicamente exportador, vários trabalhos, usualmente baseados na análise de equilíbrio parcial, chamaram a atenção para os efeitos adversos das políticas macroeconômicas, que resultaram na sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio. No entanto, durante o mais recente período de sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio, ocorrido durante os primeiros anos do Plano Real, a produção agropecuária apresentou ganhos de produtividade, sinalizando a ocorrência de efeitos positivos sobre o setor. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o efeito advindo da taxa de câmbio sobre o agronegócio brasileiro, tendo em vista as relações intersetoriais diretas e indiretas características da estrutura produtiva da economia brasileira. Neste sentido, foi adotado um modelo de equilíbrio geral, calibrado para a base de dados de 1995, que foi agregada e desagregada resultando em 32 setores, quais sejam: 9 de produção agropecuária, 9 de produção agroindústrial e 14 outros não-agropecuários e não agroindústriais. Cabe destacar que para aperfeiçoar ainda mais o tratamento de dados visando analisar o agronegócio foi realizado o desmembramento dos setores adubos e defensivos. O efeito da taxa de câmbio sobrevalorizada foi avaliado através da desvalorização da taxa de câmbio nominal, induzida pela alteração exógena do balanço de transações correntes. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram identificar que o agronegócio brasileiro não foi igualmente afetado pela taxa de câmbio. Percebeu-se que os setores com produção non-tradable, que representavam uma parcela significativa da produção total, foram negativamente afetados pela desvalorização, indicando que a sobrevalorização os beneficiava. As relações intersetoriais evidenciaram o efeito positivo que setores agroindustriais exportadores exerceram sobre os seus fornecedores agropecuários. As agroindústrias de alimentação mais focadas no mercado interno exerceram, por outro lado, menor efeito positivo indireto sobre os fornecedores agropecuários. Além da relação das cadeias do agronegócio, também foi constatado que a desvalorização da taxa de câmbio aumentou os preços dos insumos defensivos e fertilizantes, dada a dependência de matérias-primas importadas desses setores. A elevação de preços de insumos afetou diferentemente os setores agropecuários nontradables e os tradables, uma vez que os primeiros não apresentaram aumento de preços para a produção, resultado este evidenciado pelos termos de troca calculados. Concluiuse a partir de uma série de resultados obtidos pelo modelo, que o agronegócio brasileiro, considerando a estrutura produtiva de 1995, não apresentou reação plenamente positiva em resposta à desvalorização, dada a parcela significativa non-tradable de alguns setores. Com o tratamento obtido através da modelagem multisetorial de equilíbrio geral, possibilitou-se um maior realismo da avaliação dos impactos da taxa de câmbio sobre o agronegócio brasileiro, respeitando-se o grau de relação com o mercado externo de cada setor do agronegócio e dos setores com os quais eles se relacionam. A consideração da significativa parcela non-tradable do agronegócio brasileiro foi um aspecto fundamental de diferenciação em relação à estudos anteriores. / Assuming that the Brazilian Agribusiness is typically exporter, some papers, usually based on partial framework analysis, bring to discussion the adverse effects of the macroeconomic policies that had resulted in overvaluation of the exchange rate. However, despite the overvaluation of the exchange rate occurred during the first years of the Real Plan, the agricultural sector increased the productivity, showing the existence of some positive effects. So, the object of this research was to evaluate the effect of exchange rate over the agribusiness taking into account the direct and indirect intersector relations of production structure of Brazilian economy. To assess this, it was adopted a general equilibrium model, using the 1995 data as reference, which were aggregated and disaggregated, resulting in 32 sectors, as follows: 9 sectors of agricultural production, 9 agricultural related processing sectors and 14 others non agricultural sectors. It’s advisable to mention that, to improve the management of data in order to discuss the agribusiness, it were dismembered fertilizers and pesticides sectors. The effect of exchange rate overvaluation was investigated by the devaluation of nominal exchange rate, induced by the exogenous change of trade balance. The results obtained allowed to identify that the exchange rate had quite different effects over the several sectors of Brazilian agribusiness. The sectors with non-tradable production, that represented a significant parcel of the total production, were negatively affected by the devaluation, indicating that the overvaluation had benefited them. The intersectors linkages showed a positive effect when the processing sectors related to exporting agriculture influenced their agricultural production suppliers. On the other hand, the agricultural food-processing oriented to domestic markets had a less positive effect over their agricultural suppliers. Besides the agribusiness chains, it was also detected the effect of exchange rate devaluation on input prices (pesticides and fertilizers), since these inputs had a significant amount of imported raw material. The increase of input prices affected differently the non-tradable and tradable agricultural sectors, because the first ones had not presented a price increase for production. The comparison for both variations was realized through the calculation of terms of trade. The results allowed to conclude that the Brazilian agribusiness, considering the productive structure of 1995, did not present a fully positive reaction as a response to devaluation, due to the significant non-tradable parcel of some agribusiness sectors. The analysis obtained through the multi- sectorial modeling of general equilibrium gave us a greater realism on impact evaluation of exchange rate on Brazilian agribusiness, considering the level of relationship of the outside market of each agribusiness sector and of their suppliers. It was fundamental, to detach this study from the former ones, to consider the significant non-tradable parcel of Brazilian agribusiness.
3

Competitive exchange rate and infrastructure in a macrodynamic of economic growth / Taxa de câmbio competitiva e infraestrutura em uma macrodinâmica de crescimento econômico

Martins Neto, Antonio Soares 27 October 2015 (has links)
We develop a dual open-economy model which incorporates infrastructure as a factor of production to investigate growth-enhancing effects of a competitive exchange rate policy under different levels of investment in infrastructure. It is suggested that a competitive exchange rate policy coordinated with an appropriate infrastructure policy should produce better results than the former policy alone. By increasing productivity in the tradable sector and by reducing inflationary pressures, this policy contributes to the success of an economic growth strategy led by a competitive currency / Desenvolvemos um modelo de economia aberta, com dois setores, que incorpora infraestrutura como um fator de produção, de forma a investigar os efeitos de uma política de taxa de câmbio competitiva sob diferentes níveis de investimento em infraestrutura. Sugere-se que uma política cambial coordenada com uma política de infraestrutura deve produzir melhores resultados. Ao aumentar a produtividade no setor de tradables e ao reduzir as pressões inflacionárias, esta política contribui para o sucesso de uma estratégia de crescimento econômico liderado por uma moeda competitiva
4

Competitive exchange rate and infrastructure in a macrodynamic of economic growth / Taxa de câmbio competitiva e infraestrutura em uma macrodinâmica de crescimento econômico

Antonio Soares Martins Neto 27 October 2015 (has links)
We develop a dual open-economy model which incorporates infrastructure as a factor of production to investigate growth-enhancing effects of a competitive exchange rate policy under different levels of investment in infrastructure. It is suggested that a competitive exchange rate policy coordinated with an appropriate infrastructure policy should produce better results than the former policy alone. By increasing productivity in the tradable sector and by reducing inflationary pressures, this policy contributes to the success of an economic growth strategy led by a competitive currency / Desenvolvemos um modelo de economia aberta, com dois setores, que incorpora infraestrutura como um fator de produção, de forma a investigar os efeitos de uma política de taxa de câmbio competitiva sob diferentes níveis de investimento em infraestrutura. Sugere-se que uma política cambial coordenada com uma política de infraestrutura deve produzir melhores resultados. Ao aumentar a produtividade no setor de tradables e ao reduzir as pressões inflacionárias, esta política contribui para o sucesso de uma estratégia de crescimento econômico liderado por uma moeda competitiva
5

Sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio e o agronegócio: uma análise de equilíbrio geral com base na estrutura produtiva brasileira de 1995. / Overvaluation of exchange rate and agribusiness: a general equilibrium analysis considering the brazilian productive structure of 1995.

João Carlos Vianna de Oliveira 21 March 2002 (has links)
Partindo do pressuposto que o agronegócio brasileiro é tipicamente exportador, vários trabalhos, usualmente baseados na análise de equilíbrio parcial, chamaram a atenção para os efeitos adversos das políticas macroeconômicas, que resultaram na sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio. No entanto, durante o mais recente período de sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio, ocorrido durante os primeiros anos do Plano Real, a produção agropecuária apresentou ganhos de produtividade, sinalizando a ocorrência de efeitos positivos sobre o setor. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o efeito advindo da taxa de câmbio sobre o agronegócio brasileiro, tendo em vista as relações intersetoriais diretas e indiretas características da estrutura produtiva da economia brasileira. Neste sentido, foi adotado um modelo de equilíbrio geral, calibrado para a base de dados de 1995, que foi agregada e desagregada resultando em 32 setores, quais sejam: 9 de produção agropecuária, 9 de produção agroindústrial e 14 outros não-agropecuários e não agroindústriais. Cabe destacar que para aperfeiçoar ainda mais o tratamento de dados visando analisar o agronegócio foi realizado o desmembramento dos setores adubos e defensivos. O efeito da taxa de câmbio sobrevalorizada foi avaliado através da desvalorização da taxa de câmbio nominal, induzida pela alteração exógena do balanço de transações correntes. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram identificar que o agronegócio brasileiro não foi igualmente afetado pela taxa de câmbio. Percebeu-se que os setores com produção non-tradable, que representavam uma parcela significativa da produção total, foram negativamente afetados pela desvalorização, indicando que a sobrevalorização os beneficiava. As relações intersetoriais evidenciaram o efeito positivo que setores agroindustriais exportadores exerceram sobre os seus fornecedores agropecuários. As agroindústrias de alimentação mais focadas no mercado interno exerceram, por outro lado, menor efeito positivo indireto sobre os fornecedores agropecuários. Além da relação das cadeias do agronegócio, também foi constatado que a desvalorização da taxa de câmbio aumentou os preços dos insumos defensivos e fertilizantes, dada a dependência de matérias-primas importadas desses setores. A elevação de preços de insumos afetou diferentemente os setores agropecuários nontradables e os tradables, uma vez que os primeiros não apresentaram aumento de preços para a produção, resultado este evidenciado pelos termos de troca calculados. Concluiuse a partir de uma série de resultados obtidos pelo modelo, que o agronegócio brasileiro, considerando a estrutura produtiva de 1995, não apresentou reação plenamente positiva em resposta à desvalorização, dada a parcela significativa non-tradable de alguns setores. Com o tratamento obtido através da modelagem multisetorial de equilíbrio geral, possibilitou-se um maior realismo da avaliação dos impactos da taxa de câmbio sobre o agronegócio brasileiro, respeitando-se o grau de relação com o mercado externo de cada setor do agronegócio e dos setores com os quais eles se relacionam. A consideração da significativa parcela non-tradable do agronegócio brasileiro foi um aspecto fundamental de diferenciação em relação à estudos anteriores. / Assuming that the Brazilian Agribusiness is typically exporter, some papers, usually based on partial framework analysis, bring to discussion the adverse effects of the macroeconomic policies that had resulted in overvaluation of the exchange rate. However, despite the overvaluation of the exchange rate occurred during the first years of the Real Plan, the agricultural sector increased the productivity, showing the existence of some positive effects. So, the object of this research was to evaluate the effect of exchange rate over the agribusiness taking into account the direct and indirect intersector relations of production structure of Brazilian economy. To assess this, it was adopted a general equilibrium model, using the 1995 data as reference, which were aggregated and disaggregated, resulting in 32 sectors, as follows: 9 sectors of agricultural production, 9 agricultural related processing sectors and 14 others non agricultural sectors. It’s advisable to mention that, to improve the management of data in order to discuss the agribusiness, it were dismembered fertilizers and pesticides sectors. The effect of exchange rate overvaluation was investigated by the devaluation of nominal exchange rate, induced by the exogenous change of trade balance. The results obtained allowed to identify that the exchange rate had quite different effects over the several sectors of Brazilian agribusiness. The sectors with non-tradable production, that represented a significant parcel of the total production, were negatively affected by the devaluation, indicating that the overvaluation had benefited them. The intersectors linkages showed a positive effect when the processing sectors related to exporting agriculture influenced their agricultural production suppliers. On the other hand, the agricultural food-processing oriented to domestic markets had a less positive effect over their agricultural suppliers. Besides the agribusiness chains, it was also detected the effect of exchange rate devaluation on input prices (pesticides and fertilizers), since these inputs had a significant amount of imported raw material. The increase of input prices affected differently the non-tradable and tradable agricultural sectors, because the first ones had not presented a price increase for production. The comparison for both variations was realized through the calculation of terms of trade. The results allowed to conclude that the Brazilian agribusiness, considering the productive structure of 1995, did not present a fully positive reaction as a response to devaluation, due to the significant non-tradable parcel of some agribusiness sectors. The analysis obtained through the multi- sectorial modeling of general equilibrium gave us a greater realism on impact evaluation of exchange rate on Brazilian agribusiness, considering the level of relationship of the outside market of each agribusiness sector and of their suppliers. It was fundamental, to detach this study from the former ones, to consider the significant non-tradable parcel of Brazilian agribusiness.
6

Controle da volatilidade do câmbio: um estudo não linear e simulado / Exchange rate volatility control: a non-linear and simulated study

Mainente, João Pedro de Camargo 22 June 2018 (has links)
O objetivo da presente dissertação é avaliar a atuação do Banco Central do Brasil no controle do excesso de volatilidade da taxa de câmbio. Para tanto, estima-se um modelo SETAR com dois limiares, com o intuito de identificar uma estrutura não linear na taxa de câmbio e, por meio da proposição de um modelo teórico, avaliar de que forma ocorreria a tomada de decisão acerca de intervenções no mercado de câmbio. Busca-se, também, por meio de simulações do modelo teórico proposto, entender como se relacionariam o comportamento de maior prazo da taxa de câmbio e a política de controle da volatilidade. Conclui-se que períodos marcados por uma tendência de constante depreciação (apreciação) da moeda podem estar relacionados a momentos de redução (acúmulo) de reservas internacionais mantidas pelo Banco Central. / The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the behavior of the Brazilian Central Bank, in its role of to controling exchange rate excess volatility. A SETAR model with two thresholds is estimated in order to identify a nonlinear structure for the exchange rate. A theoretical model is proposed for the monetary authority in order to evaluated optimal intervention policy. The theoretical model is then simulated to show how long-run trends in the exchange rate could be smoothed by control policies. The results shows that depreciation (appreciation) trends could be related to significant reductions (accumulation) of international reserves.
7

Exchane Rate Dynamics under Financial Market Frictions- Exchange rate regime, capital market openness and monetary policy -Electoral cycle of exchange rate in Korea : The Trilemma in Korea

Ryou, Hyunjoo 03 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
-Exchange Rate Dynamics under Financial Market FrictionsThis paper extends Dornbusch's overshooting model by proposing "generalized interest parity condition", which assumes sluggish adjustment on the asset market. The exchange rate model under the generalized interest parity condition is able to reproduce the delayed overshooting of nominal exchange rates and the hump-shaped response to monetary shocks of both nominal and real exchange rates.-Electoral Cycle of Exchange Rate in KoreaThis paper empirically investigates the real exchange rate behavior around elections in Korea. We find that the real exchange rate depreciates more before the elections but there is no clear pattern found after the elections. Interestingly, this result is the opposite of the electoral cycle found in Latin American countries. To explain this results we should consider the difference between economic backgrounds of Korea and Latin American countries.-Exchange Rate Regime, Capital Market Openness and Monetary Policy; The Trilemma in KoreaThis paper tests the trilemma proposition by performing an empirical study of Korea. Korea has distinct periods of all combinations of exchange rate regime and capital market openness in trilemma: pegged exchange rate regime under capital controls, pegged exchange rate regime under free capital mobility, and floating exchange rate regime under free capital mobility. We check whether monetary autonomy exists in each of the three different combinations. We find that monetary autonomy existed over the periods with capital controls and the periods with floating exchange rate regime. For the periods with the pegged exchange rate regime and free capital mobility, monetary autonomy was limited. In addition, we identify that just before the financial crisis the government pursued autonomic monetary policy under pegged exchange rate regime and free capital mobility, thereby defying the trilemma.
8

Choques externos y política monetaria

Dancourt, Óscar 10 April 2018 (has links)
Un objetivo de este documento es discutir el impacto macroeconómico que un boom (o unacaída) de los precios internacionales de las materias primas de exportación tiene sobre una economíapequeña y abierta que opera en un marco de libre movilidad internacional de los capitales.Para el análisis de los efectos de este choque externo real se utiliza un modelo Mundell-Flemingconvenientemente adaptado. Se distinguen dos efectos: el cambiario, que perjudica al resto de laeconomía, y el efecto vía la demanda agregada, que estimula al resto de la economía. Se comparatambién el impacto macroeconómico de un choque externo real con el de un choque externofinanciero (cambios en la tasa de interés internacional) en una economía dolarizada y con tipo de cambio flexible. El otro objetivo de este documento es mostrar que la intervención esterilizada del banco central en el mercado cambiario puede ser una respuesta eficaz frente a los choques externos reales o financieros. Para determinar el impacto de estos distintos choques externos no solo importan las características de la estructura económica, sino también el sistema vigente de políticas monetarias y fiscales y, en particular, la naturaleza del régimen cambiario. -- One goal of this paper is to discussing the macroeconomic impact that an international commodityprices boom has in a small open economy under perfect capital mobility. A Mundell-Flemingmodel with some adaptations is used for the analysis of this real external shock. There are twoeffects: the monetary one that is a recessionary impulse, and the one that increases aggregatedemand. Also the macroeconomic impact of a real external shock is compared with the effectof a financial external shock (changes in the external rate of interest), in a dollarized economywith a floating exchange rate. The other goal of this paper is to show that central bank sterilizedintervention in the foreign exchange market can be an effective policy response to copy with realo financial external shocks. The macroeconomic impact of external shocks depends upon theeconomic structure, the monetary and fiscal policy mix, and the exchange rate regime.
9

Controle da volatilidade do câmbio: um estudo não linear e simulado / Exchange rate volatility control: a non-linear and simulated study

João Pedro de Camargo Mainente 22 June 2018 (has links)
O objetivo da presente dissertação é avaliar a atuação do Banco Central do Brasil no controle do excesso de volatilidade da taxa de câmbio. Para tanto, estima-se um modelo SETAR com dois limiares, com o intuito de identificar uma estrutura não linear na taxa de câmbio e, por meio da proposição de um modelo teórico, avaliar de que forma ocorreria a tomada de decisão acerca de intervenções no mercado de câmbio. Busca-se, também, por meio de simulações do modelo teórico proposto, entender como se relacionariam o comportamento de maior prazo da taxa de câmbio e a política de controle da volatilidade. Conclui-se que períodos marcados por uma tendência de constante depreciação (apreciação) da moeda podem estar relacionados a momentos de redução (acúmulo) de reservas internacionais mantidas pelo Banco Central. / The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the behavior of the Brazilian Central Bank, in its role of to controling exchange rate excess volatility. A SETAR model with two thresholds is estimated in order to identify a nonlinear structure for the exchange rate. A theoretical model is proposed for the monetary authority in order to evaluated optimal intervention policy. The theoretical model is then simulated to show how long-run trends in the exchange rate could be smoothed by control policies. The results shows that depreciation (appreciation) trends could be related to significant reductions (accumulation) of international reserves.
10

Analýza kurzové politiky ČR a souvisejících faktorů / Analysis of the exchanfe rate policy of the Czech Republic and of the associated issues

Novák, Jiří January 2012 (has links)
The thesis is focused on exchange rate policy of the Czech Republic. Its goal is to analyze this policy in connection with reaching an external balance of the economy and also from the point of view of its role during transformation in the Czech Republic. The common European currency and its possible introduction in the Czech Republic is also an issue associated with the exchange rate policy. At the beginning, basic terms and related theoretical approaches are introduced and in the next part, balance of payments approaches are analyzed using selected examples. The following chapter deals with exchange rate policy transformation process in Czechoslovakia and then in the Czech Republic. The last part is aimed at European monetary integration and especially at potential Czech accession to the euro area.

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