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Foram medidas as constantes de velocidade, Kq, para a supressão da fluorescência de antraceno e dez dos seus derivados (substituídos nas posições 9- ou 9,10-) por N,N-dimetilanilina, trifenilfosfina e tris-(pentafluorofenil)-fosfina. Para os dois primeiros supressores, Kq foi relacionada com os potenciais de redução e energias singlete dos antracenos, de acordo com os tratamentos de Weller, Evans e Hammond. A supressão dos antracenos deficientes de eletrons é mais eficiente que a dos derivados ricos em eletrons e ocorre por transferência de carga para ambos os supressores. A supressão dos antracenos ricos em eletrons ocorre por um processo que parece depender da natureza do supressor e do solvente. Embora a transferência de carga possa ser um fator contribuinte na formação desses exciplexes, outras interações, como a ressonância de excitação, podem ser ainda mais importantes. Para supressão por tris-(pentafluorofenil)-fosfina, kq foi relacionada com os potenciais de oxidação e as energias singlete dos antracenos e foram desenvolvidos os mesmos tratamentos. Foi verificado que ocorre uma inversão na direção da transferência de carga e os antracenos ricos em eletrons são mais eficientemente suprimidos. Excetuando-se antraceno e seus derivados metílicos, que mostram um comportamento característico, a supressao dos demais antracenos parece ocorrer por um único mecanismo, onde as interações de transferência de carga são predominantes. Emissões dos exciplexes, deslocadas para o vermelho, só foram observadas com dimetilanilina como supressor. A supressão dos antracenos pelas fosfinas parece envolver a formação de exciplexes não emissivos. / N,N-Dimethylaniline, triphenylphosphine and tris-(pentafluorophenyl)-phosphine were employed as quenchers of the fluorescence of anthracene and ten of its derivatives substituted in the 9- or 9,10-positions. The quenching rate constants, kq, for the first two quenchers were correlated with reduction potentials and singlet excitation energies of the anthracenes according to the treatments of Weller, Evans and Hammond. The singlets of the electron-poor anthracenes were quenched more efficiently than those of electron-rich anthracenes by both of quenchers in a process which is found to occur by a charge-transfer mechanism. Singlets of the electron-rich anthracenes are quenched in processes wich appear to depend on the nature of the quencher and the solvent. Although charge-transfer is probably a contributing factor in this case, other interactions such as excitation resonance may be of greater importance. The rate constants for the quenching by tris-(pentafluorophenyl)-phosphine were correlated with oxidation potentials and singlet excitation energies of the anthracenes using the three treatments mentioned above. An inversion in the direction of charge transfer was noted, with the electron-rich anthracenes being quenched more efficiently than the-electron-poor ones. Although antharacene and its methyl derivatives exhibited unique behavior, both electron-rich and electron-poor anthracenes appear to be quenched by the same mechanism, with charge transfer being the most important interaction. Red-shifted exciplex emissions were observed only with N,N-dimethylaniline as quencher. The quenching by the phosphines is thought to occur via the formation of non-emissive exciplexes.

Foram medidas as constantes de velocidade, Kq, para a supressão da fluorescência de antraceno e dez dos seus derivados (substituídos nas posições 9- ou 9,10-) por N,N-dimetilanilina, trifenilfosfina e tris-(pentafluorofenil)-fosfina. Para os dois primeiros supressores, Kq foi relacionada com os potenciais de redução e energias singlete dos antracenos, de acordo com os tratamentos de Weller, Evans e Hammond. A supressão dos antracenos deficientes de eletrons é mais eficiente que a dos derivados ricos em eletrons e ocorre por transferência de carga para ambos os supressores. A supressão dos antracenos ricos em eletrons ocorre por um processo que parece depender da natureza do supressor e do solvente. Embora a transferência de carga possa ser um fator contribuinte na formação desses exciplexes, outras interações, como a ressonância de excitação, podem ser ainda mais importantes. Para supressão por tris-(pentafluorofenil)-fosfina, kq foi relacionada com os potenciais de oxidação e as energias singlete dos antracenos e foram desenvolvidos os mesmos tratamentos. Foi verificado que ocorre uma inversão na direção da transferência de carga e os antracenos ricos em eletrons são mais eficientemente suprimidos. Excetuando-se antraceno e seus derivados metílicos, que mostram um comportamento característico, a supressao dos demais antracenos parece ocorrer por um único mecanismo, onde as interações de transferência de carga são predominantes. Emissões dos exciplexes, deslocadas para o vermelho, só foram observadas com dimetilanilina como supressor. A supressão dos antracenos pelas fosfinas parece envolver a formação de exciplexes não emissivos. / N,N-Dimethylaniline, triphenylphosphine and tris-(pentafluorophenyl)-phosphine were employed as quenchers of the fluorescence of anthracene and ten of its derivatives substituted in the 9- or 9,10-positions. The quenching rate constants, kq, for the first two quenchers were correlated with reduction potentials and singlet excitation energies of the anthracenes according to the treatments of Weller, Evans and Hammond. The singlets of the electron-poor anthracenes were quenched more efficiently than those of electron-rich anthracenes by both of quenchers in a process which is found to occur by a charge-transfer mechanism. Singlets of the electron-rich anthracenes are quenched in processes wich appear to depend on the nature of the quencher and the solvent. Although charge-transfer is probably a contributing factor in this case, other interactions such as excitation resonance may be of greater importance. The rate constants for the quenching by tris-(pentafluorophenyl)-phosphine were correlated with oxidation potentials and singlet excitation energies of the anthracenes using the three treatments mentioned above. An inversion in the direction of charge transfer was noted, with the electron-rich anthracenes being quenched more efficiently than the-electron-poor ones. Although antharacene and its methyl derivatives exhibited unique behavior, both electron-rich and electron-poor anthracenes appear to be quenched by the same mechanism, with charge transfer being the most important interaction. Red-shifted exciplex emissions were observed only with N,N-dimethylaniline as quencher. The quenching by the phosphines is thought to occur via the formation of non-emissive exciplexes.

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Anthradithiophene (ADT) derivatives have proven to be a front-runner in the world of small molecule semiconductors for organic electronics and optoelectronics. This is mainly due to the improved stability, easy tuning of chemical and physical properties, and impressive device performance that these molecules possess, especially in organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic photovoltaics (OPV). The second chapter of this dissertation shows that reducing the amount of alkylsilylethynyl groups, used for functionalizing and solubilizing the ADT backbone, does alter the chemical, physical and crystallographic properties of ADTs. These changes offer the opportunity to study and observe different intermolecular interactions as well as monitoring their influence on sulfur scrambling in solid state. Additionally, from the early days ADTs and functionalized ADTs have been synthesized as isomeric mixtures. In chapter three, I demonstrate a new and simple method that can separate the syn and anti isomers of the F-TES-ADT and F-TEG-ADT chromatographically. The effects of isomeric purity on crystal packing and field effect transistor performance were studied extensively. Chapter four of this dissertation reveals a new generation of acceptor (electron poor) ADT derivatives obtained by attaching cyanide as electron withdrawing group (EWG) to the ADT chromophore. An extensive study was conducted on CN-ADT (acceptor) molecules in small molecule (F-TES-ADT) donor/ small molecule (CN-ADT) acceptor binary BHJ blends as well as P3HT/CN-ADT/PCBM ternary BHJ blends. Photophysical studies of the Donor/ acceptor blends (interface, domains, and crystal orientation) were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the film morphology and its effect on solar cell performance. Finally, the last part of the dissertation, Chapter five, focus on studying singlet fission in ADT derivatives, as well as the effect of varying the size of the alkylsilylethynyl functional group (used for solubilizing the ADT backbone) on altering the electronic couplings and how can that potentially affect the singlet fission rate in these molecules. We also tried to inspect the extent of the correlation between long-range order in crystal packing and singlet fission by monitoring singlet fission rate and efficiency for ADT derivatives with different thin film morphologies.

[EN] Bile acids are a family of amphiphilic steroids that play a pivotal role in physiological functions such as elimination of cholesterol or solubilization of lipids. Chemically, they share a steroidal skeleton with an unusual cis fusion between rings A and B, a short lateral chain ending in a carboxylic acid moiety and different number of hydroxyl groups on the alpha-face. Hence, bile acids offer a versatile architecture that can be used to investigate photophysical processes of interest such as hydrogen atom transfer, through-bond energy trasfer, through-bond exciplex formation and DNA photodamage-related reactions. First, unmodified bile acids have been used to evaluate hydrogen atom trasfer to benzophenone-like triplet carbonyls. Dehydrogenation of bile acids at positions C-3 and/or C-7 by a radical-mediated mechanism from the excited state of benzophenone has been demonstrated. Moreover, synthesized lithocholic acid derivatives including benzophenone or carbazole as donors and a naphthalene, biphenyl or thymine as acceptors have been employed to investigate through-bond energy transfer and exciplex formation processes. Thus, energy transfer from benzophenone to naphthalene or biphenyl and extended through-bond exciplex formation in benzophenone/naphthalene and benzophenone/biphenyl linked systems has been demostrated by laser flash photolysis. Finally, bile acid derivatives incorporating one benzophenone and two thymine units with different degrees of freedom have been prepared to investigate the photochemical formation of oxetanes or thymine dimers. Photosensitized formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers through the generation of a delocalized triplet excited state has been demonstrated in intermolecular systems, while oxetane formation is observed when the degrees of freedom are reduced. / [ES] Los ácidos biliares son una familia de esteroides anfifílicos que juegan un papel clave en diferentes funciones fisiológicas tales como la eliminación del colesterol o la solubilización de lípidos. Su estructura química está constituida por un esqueleto esteroideo con una fusión cis poco común entre los anillos A y B, una cadena lateral corta que termina con una función ácida y un número variable de grupos hidroxilo en la cara alfa. Por tanto, los ácidos biliares ofrecen una estructura versátil que puede ser utilizada para investigar procesos fotofísicos de interés como abstracción de hidrógeno, transferencia de energía y formación de exciplejos a larga distancia o reacciones relacionadas con el daño fotoinducido al ADN. En esta Tesis, en primer lugar, los ácidos biliares naturales se han utilizado para evaluar la abstracción de hidrógeno a carbonilos triplete en compuestos derivados de la benzofenona, demostrándose la deshidrogenación de los ácidos biliares en las posiciones C-3 y/o C-7 por un mecanismo radicalario desde el mencionado triplete de la benzofenona. En segundo lugar, se han preparado derivados de ácido litocólico que incluyen los dadores benzofenona o carbazol y los aceptores naftaleno, bifenilo o timina, que a continuación se han utilizado para investigar los procesos de transferencia de energía y formación de exciplejo intramolecular a larga distancia. De hecho, en los sistemas benzofenona/naftaleno y benzofenona/bifenilo, se demostró por fotólisis de destello láser la transferencia de energía desde benzofenona a naftaleno o bifenilo y la formación de exciplejo a larga distancia. Por último, se han preparado derivados de ácidos bliares que incorporan una unidad de benzofenona y dos de timina en diferentes posiciones del esqueleto para investigar la influencia de los diferentes grados de libertad en la formación fotosensibilizada de oxetanos o dímeros de timina. Gracias a ellos, se ha demostrado la formación fotosensibilizada de dímeros ciclobutánicos pirimidínicos a través de la generación de estados excitados triplete deslocalizados en sistemas en los que la benzofenona es intermolecular, mientras que se observa formación de oxetanos cuando los grados de libertad se ven reducidos. / [CAT] Els àcids biliars són una família d'esteroides anfifílics que juguen un paper clau en funcions fisiològiques com l'eliminació del colesterol o la solubilització de lípids. La seua estructura química està constituïda per un esquelet esteroïdal amb una fusió cis entre els anells A i B poc comuna, una cadena lateral curta que acaba amb una funció àcida i un nombre diferent de grups hidroxil en la cara alfa. D'aquesta manera, els àcids biliars ofereixen una estructura versàtil que pot ser utilitzada per investigar processos fotofísics d'interès com abstracció d'hidrogen, transferència d'energia i formació de exciplexes a llarga distància o reaccions relacionades amb el dany a l'ADN induït per llum. En primer lloc, els àcids biliars naturals s'han utilitzat per avaluar la abstracció d'hidrogen a carbonils triplets derivats de la benzofenona, demostrant-se la deshidrogenació dels àcids biliars en les posicions C-3 i/o C-7 per un mecanisme radicalari des de l'estat excitat de la benzofenona. A més, derivats d'àcid litocòlic que inclouen els donadors benzofenona o carbazol i els acceptors naftalé, bifenil o timina s'han utilitzat per investigar els processos de transferència d'energia i formació de exciplexe a llarga distància. En els sistemes benzofenona /naftalé i benzofenona/bifenil la fotòlisis làser va demostrar la transferència d'energia des de benzofenona a naftalé o bifenil i la formació d'exciplexe a llarga distància. Finalment, per tal d'investigar la formació fotosensibilitzada d'oxetans o dímers de timina, s'han preparat derivats d'àcids bliars que incorporen una unitat de benzofenona i dues de timina amb diferents graus de llibertat. La formació fotosensibilitzada de dímers ciclobutànics pirimidínics mitjançant la generació d'estats excitats triplet deslocalitzats ha estat demostrada en sistemes intermoleculars, mentre que la formació d'oxetans s'observa quan els graus de llibertat es veuen reduïts. / Miró Richart, P. (2016). Hydrogen-Abstraction, Energy Transfer and Exciplex Formation in Photoactive Systems Based on Bile Acids [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64084 / TESIS

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

La décontamination bactériologique des surfaces par lumière pulsée est un enjeu de société qui requiert le développement de nouveaux outils. Une technique ayant prouvée son efficacité est l’utilisation de lumière pulsée dans le domaine de longueur d’onde 200-280 nm (bande d’absorption de l’ADN). Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié deux sources, Décharge à Barrière Diélectrique (DBD) et réseaux de microdécharges permettant de générer un rayonnement à 222 nm correspondant à l’émission de l’exciplexe KrCl*. Nos études ont permis de démontrer qu’il était possible de produire des décharges dans de nombreuses microcavités fonctionnant en parallèle sans aucun ballast résistif à condition d’employer une excitation impulsionnelle nanoseconde. Des études d’imagerie et de spectroscopie résolues temporellement ont démontré que l’ensemble des microdécharges s’initiaient en moins de 5 ns, ce qui permet d’envisager la réalisation de matrice de microdécharges rayonnant des puissances crêtes élevées. Dans le cas des DBD, les études ont couplé modèle et expérience, ce qui nous a permis de déterminer les étapes clés de la cinétique réactionnelle et de prédire les meilleures conditions de production d’un rayonnement intense à 222 nm. Par ailleurs, grâce aux microdécharges, nous avons pu réaliser une source de rayonnement VUV permettant de sonder la densité de chlore atomique dans des réacteurs de gravure plasma par spectroscopie d'absorption résonnante. / Bacteriological decontamination of surfaces by pulsed light is a society issue that requires the development of new tools. A technique that proved its efficiency was to use a pulsed light in the 200-280 wavelength range corresponding to the DNA absorption band.In this work, we studied two different sources, the so-called Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) and microdischarges arrays, to generate a radiation at 222 nm corresponding to the KrCl* exciplex emission. By using nanosecond pulsed discharges, we demonstrated that many microdischarges operating in parallel can be triggered simultaneously without introducing any resistive ballast. High speed ICCD imaging and time resolved spectroscopic studies had shown that all the microdischarges were initiated in less than 5 ns, which allowed the produce arrays of microdischarges generating high peak power of UV light. In the DBD case, studies have coupled experience and simulation which allowed us to determine the key steps of the kinetic pathways and to predict the best conditions for producing an intense 222 nm radiation. Moreover, microdischarges were also used to realize a VUV source to probe the atomic chlorine density in plasma etching reactors through resonance absorption spectroscopy.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal