abstract: Electrophoretic exclusion is a counter-flow gradient focusing method that simultaneously separates and concentrates electrokinetic material at a channel entrance utilizing electric and fluid velocity fields. However, its effectiveness is heavily dependent on the non-uniform field gradients about the entrance. This work assesses the capability of electrophoretic exclusion to capture and enrich small molecules and examines the channel entrance region both quantitatively and qualitatively to better understand the separation dynamics for future design. A flow injection technique is used to experimentally evaluate electrophoretic exclusion of small molecules. Methyl violet, a cationic dye, and visible spectroscopy are used to monitor flow and electrophoretic dynamics at the entrance region resulting in successful capture and simultaneous enrichment of methyl violet at the channel interface. Investigation of the entrance region is performed using both experiment data and finite element analysis modeling to assess regional flow, electric fields, diffusion, convection, and electrophoretic migration. Longitudinal fluid velocity and electric field gradient magnitudes near the channel entrance are quantified using Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) and charged fluorescent microspheres. Lateral studies using rhodamine 123 concentration monitoring agree qualitatively with simulation results indicating decreased gradient uniformity for both electric and fluid velocity fields closer to the channel wall resulting in a localized concentration enhancement at lower applied voltages than previously observed or predicted. Resolution interrogation from both a theoretical assessment and simulation construct demonstrate resolution improvement with decreased channel width and placement of an electrode directly at the interface. Simulation resolution predictions are in general agreement with early experimental assessments, both suggesting species with electrophoretic mobilities as similar as 10-9 m2/(Vs) can be separated with the current design. These studies have helped evolve the understanding of the interface region and set the foundation for further interface developments. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_em_me_prud.pdf: 457113 bytes, checksum: 1e14d0c874fd9ea5c0cf226d8aa7f99c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a citricultura paulista a partir do aparecimento da doença de citros denomin ada cancro cítrico no município de Presidente Prudente – SP, no ano de 1957. O combate ao cancro cítrico mobilizou os poderes públicos e privados no Estado de São Paulo, desencadeando o maior embargo fitossanitário da história da agricultura brasileira. As conseqüências desse embargo refletem até os dias atuais um quadro de exclusão frente aos poucos produtores da Região de Presidente Prudente – SP. Além disso, provocou um intenso debate na região a respeito do papel desempenhado pelo FUNDECITRUS, em suas a ções de erradicação do cancro cítrico na região, promovendo assim de acordo com os produtores um tratamento desigual para os produtores da região em questão e os produtores da região nobre da citricultura ao Norte do Estado. / The objective of this research is to analyze the citriculture State São Paulo starting from the emergence of the disease of citric denominated citrus canker in the municipal district of Presidente Prudente - SP, in the year of 1957. The combat to the citrus canker mobilized the public and private powers in the State of São Paulo, unchaining the largest seizure phytosanitary of the history of the Brazilian agriculture. The consequences of that seizure contemplate little by little until the current days a picture and exclusion front producing Region of Presidente Prudente - SP. Besides, it provoked an intense debate in the area regarding the paper carried out by FUNDECITRUS, in their action s of erradication of the citrus canker in the area, promoting like this in agreement with the producers an unequal treatment for the producing of the area in subject and the producing of the noble area of the citriculture to the North of the State.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Compreendido como um fenômeno da contemporaneidade, a partir da década de 80 o movimento feminista é um exemplo do que se convencionou denominar por novos movimentos sociais. A partir desse momento, verifica-se uma tendência de as demandas dos movimentos expandirem-se para lutas estruturadas em torno de opressões sofridas, principalmente identitárias, no lugar de militâncias da esfera estritamente econômica. Neste contexto é que o presente estudo insere-se. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as motivações de jovens brasileiras, de origens pobres, moradoras em áreas de favelas ou bairros populares, em movimentos feministas no Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas suas motivações iniciais e as que as manteriam militando, observando-se algumas tensões existentes nessas participações políticas. Visando ao mapeamento da ambientação histórica e política dos movimentos sociais que se abriam como possibilidades a estas jovens, buscamos traçar um breve histórico dos movimentos sociais na contemporaneidade e, em especial, nos contextos latino-americano e brasileiro, a partir da bibliografia disponível sobre o tema. Para o caso específico dos movimentos no Rio de Janeiro, foram realizadas entrevistas com antigas militantes. Tendo em vista que as entrevistadas advinham de famílias pobres, consideramos importante enveredar nas discussões sobre as exclusões sociais, a partir de uma literatura crítica ao conceito, e procurando verificar os rebatimentos das teorias à situação especial em estudo. A pesquisa de campo contou com entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com cinco jovens, com idades entre 19 e 29 anos. Para efeitos analíticos, compreendemos suas histórias a partir da metodologia da História Oral, a qual visa evidenciar a multiplicidade de vozes outrora desprezadas pelo saber científico, sublinhando o caráter militante do entrevistador. Buscando conhecer as histórias de vida das entrevistadas, foram focalizados aspectos tais como: suas origens familiares, suas condições de jovens; situação de moradia e circulações pela cidade; percursos escolares e trajetórias de trabalho. A partir desses dados abordarmos suas trajetórias militantes. / Acknowledged as a contemporary phenomenon, starting in the 80s, the feminist movement is an example of what has been called new social movements. Starting at that moment, the trend is for the movements demands to expand for struggles around oppressions, specially those related to identity, instead of movements structured in a strictly economical sphere and it is in that context that we find the present research. The research had as its goal to investigate the motivations of young Brazilian women, from deprived backgrounds, living in favelas or impoverished neighborhoods, in feminist movements in Rio de Janeiro. Their initial motivations were analyzed as well as what would keep them militating, taking into account some existing tensions in such political participations. In order to understand the historical and political context of the social movements that have been set as opportunities to those young women, we searched to establish a brief history of the contemporary social movements, specially, in the Latin-American and Brazilian context, taking into consideration the available bibliography. In Rio de Janeiros case, in particular, old militants were interviewed. Since we established that the young women interviewed were from deprived backgrounds, we considered important to also discuss social exclusions, considering the critical theories on the concept and searching to verify how the theory applied to the situations we found in this research. Fieldwork had semi-structured interviews with five young women, aged from 19 to 29 years old. We searched to understand their stories using the Oral History methodology that tries to evidentiate the multiplicity of voices previously not taken into consideration by science, in order to highlight the militant aspect of the interviewer. In order to get to know their life stories, we focused on aspects such as their family origins, their conditions as young people, their habitational situation and trajects around the city; scholarly and word trajectories, to, later on, investigate their militant trajectories.

On April 17, 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was proclaimed into force. By including a set of constitutionally entrenched core legal rights (i.e. ss. 8, 9, and 10(b), and a remedial mechanism designed to enforce those rights (i.e. s. 24(2)), the Charter had the potential to alter certain repressive elements of the criminal justice system that had endured in Canada for over a century. Despite this potential, both the core legal rights and s. 24(2) were drafted using vague terminology. As a result, the Charter ‘s ability to succeed where previous attempts at instituting effective due process protections for Canadians had failed would depend largely on the judiciary’s ability to satisfactorily craft such protections out of imprecise statutory language. This thesis will argue that the Supreme Court of Canada has created a test for the exclusion of unconstitutionally obtained evidence under s. 24(2) that fails to adequately protect the core legal rights of the socially, racially and economically marginalized individuals to whom the Canadian criminal justice system is disproportionately applied. In advancing this argument, the relevant jurisprudence and academic literature will be analyzed according to a methodology inspired by the Critical Legal Studies movement. The issue of exclusion will be examined in its social context, primarily by analyzing the current system of Canadian criminal justice and acknowledging its over-application to the socially disenfranchised. It will be argued that the Supreme Court’s test for exclusion has developed as it has because of the judiciary’s subconscious tendency to interpret unclear constitutional provisions in keeping with the dominant conservative ideology, a method that favours maintaining the social status quo. The purpose of this thesis is to set out a framework for a reform of the Charter ‘s exclusionary mechanism. This new approach will attempt to situate social context at the forefront of the s. 24(2) decision-making process. It will be argued that the concept of “disrepute” within s. 24(2) must be redefined so that it captures investigatory practices made possible by unjust social, racial and economic divisions that render certain groups powerless, and thus more vulnerable to police surveillance. / Law, Faculty of / Graduate

This thesis addresses the research in the area of regression testing. Software systems change and evolve over time. Each time a system is changed regression tests have to be run to validate these changes. An important issue in regression testing is how to minimise reuse the existing test cases of original program for modied program. One of the techniques to tackle this issue is called regression test selection technique. The aim of this research is to signicantly reduce the number of test cases that need to be run after changes have been made. Specically, this thesis focuses on developing a model for regression test selection using the decomposition slicing technique. Decomposition slicing provides a technique that is capable of identifying the unchanged parts of the system. The model of regression test selection based on decomposition slicing and exclusion of test cases was developed in this thesis. The model is called Regression Test Selection by Exclusion (ReTSE) and has four main phases. They are Program Analysis, Comparison, Exclusion and Optimisation phases. The validity of the ReTSE model is explored through the application of a number of case studies. The case studies tackle all types of modication such as change, delete and add statements. The case studies have covered a single and combination types of modication at a time. The application of the proposed model has shown that signicant reductions in the number of test cases can be achieved. The evaluation of the model based on an existing framework and comparison with another model also has shown promising results. The case studies have limited themselves to relatively small programs and the next step is to apply the model to larger systems with more complex changes to ascertain if it scales up. While some parts of the model have been automated tools will be required for the rest when carrying out the larger case studies.

The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of exclusion of children on marriage dissolution proceedings and decisions. This investigation takes place in Matatiele, Thotaneng at Tshita administrative area. It further investigate to what extent are children included in the process and if they do receive guidance in the process of the dissolution of a customary marriage. This thesis is aiming at investigating the role of the church could play in improving the situation of children who are caught up in the process of the dissolution of a customary marriage and recommendations thereof. The customary marriage, which is not registered, therefore, the study will investigate the effect of this kind of marriage on the community that practicing it. / Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Narratives help individuals to make sense of their lives and their everyday worlds. Within these narratives, individuals make sense of identities. Historically, people with disabilities have been depicted as helpless victims of their own bodies. However, during the twentieth century, disability rights social movements constructed a counter-narrative, stating that society’s reactions to different bodies was the real source of disability. While this was a positive status change for people with disabilities, it did not do enough to shed the status as victim. Yet many students with disabilities do not see themselves as victims. Therefore, I used narrative analysis to answer the question: “How do university students with disabilities make sense of their identities as adults with agency through narratives?” Furthermore, these narratives are not created in a vacuum. Many stories of identity-making surrounded narratives of being included or excluded from various social situations, leading to my second research question: To what extent have students with disabilities felt included/excluded in aspects of university life including clubs, organizations, sporting events, and other social aspects of the university in which other students participate? I am focusing on people with disabilities who seek accommodations, as they are acknowledging that they need help, which goes against the narrative of rugged individualism found in the United States of America. However, my research found that university students who seek accommodations do not construct themselves as victims. On the contrary, many students receiving accommodations construct narratives in which they are more hard working and more moral than other students.

Mental health, homelessness, addiction, and criminalization are the usual suspects of exclusion. The connection between these factors are often taken for granted, with positivistic accounts of causality making up the bulk of the literature. Using an institutional ethnography framework, this study draws attention to how individuals make sense of their exclusion. In particular, in this research I examine how homeless men and women ‘do’ their mental health status. Exploring themes of responsibilization, exclusion, identity, performativity, hope, and resistance, this research highlights the ways in which homeless individuals use the mental health system and the mental illness identity to contextualize their circumstances and to demonstrate their redeemability. Stemming from thirty-eight interviews with homeless men and women, participant observation, as well as a focus group with professionals and para-professionals I consider how mental illness identities are negotiated and performed among homeless men and women. Specifically, I am interested in how homeless individuals engage with mental health managerialism, given their vulnerable status. I contend that while some individuals resist mental illness discourses to varying degrees, a number of homeless individuals adopt the role of mental health consumer so as to align with the broader consumer society. In so doing, many homeless men and women seek to position themselves as included among the excluded and thus privy to the sense of hope, empowerment, and privileges that follow.

I focus on the issue of ghettization of cities in the Czech Republic in my diploma thesis. Summary of the current state and methods of settling is the main point. In the theoretical part, I introduce the definition of ghettization, and furthermore, I describe the development of ghettos and the current state in the world and namely in the CR. In the practical part, I focus on the city Litvínov -- its settlement Janov, in which one of the biggest ghetto in the CR has formed in recent years. Ghettization is analyzed from the viewpoint of demography and social-economic composition. These statistics are supported with a summary of current models of solutions.

Transport projects are complex; the interface with different policy areas can often lead to significant challenges to ensuring that long-term value outcomes are achieved. This thesis seeks to explore the challenges associated with the effective provision of transport services from a social exclusion perspective. It uncovers a number of key factors that can affect the successful delivery and provision of such schemes by examining the consequence of the decisions and actions taken by service providers and commissioners. Using a case study approach conducted on three local authority projects across the United Kingdom, the study is exploratory in nature through an in-depth qualitative data analysis. In order to address the aim of the thesis, six key objectives are defined: to understand how transport projects may act as a vehicle for delivering policy aimed at addressing social exclusion in the United Kingdom; to understand and investigate the impact of deregulation of the bus industry on the provision of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded; to critically examine the process underpinning decisions that guide the provision of transport schemes to address social exclusion; to examine the propensity for service users to be actively involved in the decision making process; to conduct a case study research in order to explore the challenges to the successful provision and delivery of the transport services to the socially excluded as a consequence of the decisions and actions taken by the service providers in the case study areas; and to characterise the factors that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.Semi structured interviews were carried out with the service providers in three locations– West Midlands, Sheffield, and Manchester. These interviews seek to determine the challenges to the effective provision and delivery of transport services as a consequence of the decisions and actions of the service providers. Overall, some challenges that could inhibit the provision and delivery of transport services were identified. These include constraint on the provision and delivery of transport services for the socially excluded due to the Competition Act, lack of accessible information, lack of close working relationship between service providers, lack of trust and mutual respect between service providers, too much focus in reducing the number of benefits claimant, service accessibility – inflexible access criteria, lack of support for bus drivers, lack of cultural diversity in the workforce and marketing of services, resource constraints on scheme performance, tendency on the service providers to focus getting output rather than outcomes, partnership issues - lack of commitment, poor communication, lack of common understanding of social exclusion, tendency on the service providers to focus on economic aspect, and lack of willingness to fully engage with citizens in the delivery and provision of transport services.These challenges identified were then further analysed in order to examine the underlying reasons why those challenges existed. Having identified and examined the challenges that could hinder the provision and delivery of the transport services, particularly for the socially excluded, some recommendations were made based on the identified issues that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.The findings that emerged contribute toward the social exclusion and transport provision domain in four areas:• Highlighted and provided an understanding of the difficulties surrounding the role of bus drivers and how it affects transport provision for the socially excluded;• The importance and the need to have the local knowledge in delivering transport service;• Understanding service provider’s attitude towards engaging with the community in the provision of transport services; and, • Inadequate funding and the impacts on transport provision for the socially excluded.