As part of the UK’s effort to combat climate change, deep reductions in carbon emissions will be required from existing social housing. This thesis explores the viability of achieving such a goal through a case-study approach, focusing on Peabody, a large housing association operating in London. A model was developed for Peabody’s existing housing stock that quantifies the impacts of technical carbon reduction interventions on stock carbon emissions, Peabody’s expenditure and residents’ fuel bills for the period up to 2030. A participant observation study, conducted from 2006 to 2009, explored the impact of contextual factors influencing the viability of Peabody carrying out the considered technical interventions. The model study found that the Greater London Authority’s target of achieving 60% emission cuts by 2025 could be achieved, but only through extensive stock refurbishment, including a widespread use of solid wall insulation. An external context of substantial reductions in the carbon intensity of the national grid and constrained resident demand for energy is also required. Even where considerable financial support for refurbishment from Government was assumed, the model provided evidence of a funding gap of tens of millions of pounds which would need to be bridged if the required measures were to be carried out. The participant observation study found that the prohibitive cost of carrying out carbon reduction measures is the key barrier currently holding back progress. Other significant issues are related to Government policy, including the inability to raise income from residents to offset refurbishment spending, and the lack of a long term framework to drive action to reduce emissions from existing UK housing. By coupling an analysis of technical interventions with analysis of their financial and political viability, this thesis demonstrates that the achievement of deep emission cuts from Peabody’s existing stock is certainly possible, but requires changes in Government policy and increased efforts from all stakeholders concerned if it is to come to pass.

Viele Hotels in Schierke stehen seit Ende des 19./Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts leer. Um ein attraktives und besucherreiches Hotel zu entwerfen, besteht die Aufgabe darin, das unbewohnte Hotel „Heinrich Heine“ als Vier-Sterne-Hotel zu entwickeln. Für den Entwurf wurden zwei Analysen durchgeführt. In der ersten Analyse war eine Stadt zu wählen, die eine enge Bedeutung und Bezug zur Stadt Schierke hat, damit die touristische Infrastruktur analysiert werden kann. Das Ziel der zweiten Analyse bestand darin, ein Hotel zu finden, welches sich sehr gut in die bestehende Umgebung (entweder Alpen oder Bergort) einpasst. Außerdem wurde ein Hotel gesucht, welches sich an den Prinzipien der Nachhaltigkeit orientiert. Am Ende wurde der Grundgedanke und das Grundkonzept eines Passivhauses favorisiert. Vor Beginn des Entwurfs fand ein Workshop in Schierke statt, bei dem jede Gruppe Ideen für die Gestaltung eines Ortsentwicklungskonzepts (Masterplan) für die Stadt diskutierte und entwickelte. Aus dieser Idee heraus, ist es wichtig, das Hotelprofil und die Zielgruppe miteinander zu verbinden. Auf Grundlage der Analysen und des Masterplans für die Entwicklung der Stadt wurde ein Entwurf für das Hotel Heinrich Heine erarbeitet. Eckpunkte für die Entwicklung des Projekts waren ebenso die Analyse des Grundstücks, historische Aspekte des Hotels, die Funktionalität, Materialität, Fassade und Aspekte, wie Barrierefreiheit und Nachhaltigkeit.

A utilização de polímero natural como auxiliar de floculação pode ser alternativa interessante para o aumento da capacidade de estações de tratamento de água para abastecimento. O polímero natural é um produto de baixo custo, de fácil preparo e aplicação. Por ser produzido em larga escala e utilizado nos mais diversos setores da indústria, o polímero natural apresenta-se como alternativa aos polímeros sintéticos que, de maneira geral, são produtos de elevado custo e produzidos com matéria prima geralmente importada. No presente trabalho procurou-se demonstrar a eficiência dos polímeros naturais de fécula de batata e de fécula de mandioca na clarificação da água, mediante a realização de ensaios de laboratório e testes de campo - realizados na estação de tratamento ETA-2 de Valinhos (SP) - para diferentes características da água bruta. A gelatinização dos polímeros foi feita à temperatura ambiente, utilizando-se hidróxido de sódio. Para os testes na ETA-2, foram aproveitadas as instalações existentes e executadas pequenas adaptações para aplicação dos polímeros naturais. Conclui-se que, apesar de alguns ajustes que devem ser feitos, principalmente nos filtros, é possível utilizar os polímeros naturais na ETA-2 com grande probabilidade de êxito, com vistas ao aumento da capacidade de tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que, tanto o polímero de fécula de batata como o de fécula de mandioca, foram eficientes como auxiliares de floculação na clarificação da água. / Natural polymer utilization as flocculation aid may be an effective alternative for upgrading the capacity of water treatment plants with low cost, easiers to prepare and apply. As natural polymers are large scale produced and applied in many different industrial sectors, it comes as a fesiable alternative for synthetic polymers that are generally high cost and made of imported materials. On this work it was tried to show the efficiency of natural polymers such as potato and manioc starch, for clarifying water by jar-test evaluations and field tests - carried out on water treatment plant WTP-2 of Valinhos (SP - Brazil) - for different characteristics of raw water. The polymer gelatinization was obtained by sodium hydroxide application. For the tests at WTP-2 the existing facilities were utilized and only small adaptations were made to apply natural polymers. The conclusion was, in despite of needing filters adjustments which must be made on water treatment plant for polymer application, it is possible to utilize the product with high successful probability for upgrading the capacity of water treatment plant. The results showed that even potato as well as cassava starchs were efficient on plant clarified water.

Considerando a necessidade do controle mais efetivo dos sistemas de distribuição de água para abastecimento, a calibração constitui etapa fundamental a ser trilhada para garantir a reprodução do comportamento dos sistemas sob as mais diversas condições operacionais. Apesar da importância da calibração e da diversidade de modelos construídos com esse propósito no ambiente acadêmico, essa prática não tem sido amplamente utilizada pelas companhias, que demonstram certa relutância em fazer uso de modelos matemáticos. É interessante, portanto, que os modelos existentes sejam intensivamente testados em sistemas reais para que se possam estabelecer diretrizes para a sua utilização, bem como uma maior confiança no seu emprego. O presente trabalho de pesquisa visou o estudo de aplicação de um modelo especialmente construído para a calibração de sistemas, através do qual é possível identificar variáveis de campo tais como rugosidades, diâmetros, parâmetros do modelo de vazamentos, etc. O modelo empregado é abrangente o suficiente para incorporar vazamentos e demandas variáveis com a pressão. Através dele, foram realizados dois estudos de caso e discutidas as razões pelas quais discrepâncias entre os valores simulados e observados foram detectadas, apesar da consistência das respostas produzidas via simulação. Algumas recomendações são feitas também no sentido de viabilizar estudos dessa natureza que possam produzir ferramental diretamente utilizável pelas concessionárias de água para abastecimento. / Considering the need for more effective control of water supply distribution systems, the calibration constitutes fundamental step to guarantee that the system behavior under several operational conditions can be reproduced. Instead of the importance of calibration and the variety of models built by the academy for this purpose, this practice has not been broadly used by the water industry, which demonstrates certain reluctance regards the use of mathematical models. It is interesting, hence, that existing models are intensively tested in real systems to establish guidelines and consequent confidence in their use. The present research focused on the study of a model especially built for the calibration of water supply systems, through which it is possible identify field variables such as roughness, diameters, parameters of leakage model, etc. The model is comprehensive enough to incorporate leakage and pressure driven demands. Two study cases were analyzed supported by the model and discussed the reasons by which disagreement between simulated and observed data were verified, instead of the consistency of results produced by simulation. Some recommendations are made to become practical this kind of study as useful tool for the water industry.

Este trabalho discorre sobre as causas do fracasso do socialismo realmente existente e por extensão elabora uma crítica consistente ao marxismo tradicional. A crítica incide precisamente na ênfase que se dá às categorias de exploração, propriedade privada e mercado, tidas como essenciais na determinação do capitalismo. Seguindo a lógica, estas formulações críticas possibilitam certo cotejamento no interior da produção teórica do serviço social ao restaurar a dimensão efetivamente crítica do pensamento marxista. Nessa perspectiva, discutiremos as influências da corrente aqui criticada nas elaborações da categoria profissional a fim de explorar os debates manifestos dentro do universo marxista. Em último caso, busca oferecer outras perspectivas teóricas no interesse de contribuição epistemológica. / This paper discusses the causes of the failure of really existing socialism and by extension prepares a consistent critique of traditional Marxism. The Critical focuses precisely in the emphasis that is given to the categories of exploitation, private property and the market, seen as essential in determining capitalism. Following this logic, the critical formulations allow certain mutual comparison the theoretical production of social work. Thus, compares influences of current here criticized in the elaborations of the profession in order to explore the manifests debates into the Marxist universe. Ultimately, offers other theoretical perspectives on epistemological contribution of interest.

Considerando a necessidade do controle mais efetivo dos sistemas de distribuição de água para abastecimento, a calibração constitui etapa fundamental a ser trilhada para garantir a reprodução do comportamento dos sistemas sob as mais diversas condições operacionais. Apesar da importância da calibração e da diversidade de modelos construídos com esse propósito no ambiente acadêmico, essa prática não tem sido amplamente utilizada pelas companhias, que demonstram certa relutância em fazer uso de modelos matemáticos. É interessante, portanto, que os modelos existentes sejam intensivamente testados em sistemas reais para que se possam estabelecer diretrizes para a sua utilização, bem como uma maior confiança no seu emprego. O presente trabalho de pesquisa visou o estudo de aplicação de um modelo especialmente construído para a calibração de sistemas, através do qual é possível identificar variáveis de campo tais como rugosidades, diâmetros, parâmetros do modelo de vazamentos, etc. O modelo empregado é abrangente o suficiente para incorporar vazamentos e demandas variáveis com a pressão. Através dele, foram realizados dois estudos de caso e discutidas as razões pelas quais discrepâncias entre os valores simulados e observados foram detectadas, apesar da consistência das respostas produzidas via simulação. Algumas recomendações são feitas também no sentido de viabilizar estudos dessa natureza que possam produzir ferramental diretamente utilizável pelas concessionárias de água para abastecimento. / Considering the need for more effective control of water supply distribution systems, the calibration constitutes fundamental step to guarantee that the system behavior under several operational conditions can be reproduced. Instead of the importance of calibration and the variety of models built by the academy for this purpose, this practice has not been broadly used by the water industry, which demonstrates certain reluctance regards the use of mathematical models. It is interesting, hence, that existing models are intensively tested in real systems to establish guidelines and consequent confidence in their use. The present research focused on the study of a model especially built for the calibration of water supply systems, through which it is possible identify field variables such as roughness, diameters, parameters of leakage model, etc. The model is comprehensive enough to incorporate leakage and pressure driven demands. Two study cases were analyzed supported by the model and discussed the reasons by which disagreement between simulated and observed data were verified, instead of the consistency of results produced by simulation. Some recommendations are made to become practical this kind of study as useful tool for the water industry.

Providing adequate outdoor recreational opportunities to the public is now a national problem. Of the many influences affecting the demand for recreation, increased income, population increase, sociological changes, and rapidly increasing technological developments are the more important. In the face of these factors, we must plan better to insure sufficient future needs. This will require evaluation and development of many recreation opportunities. The Bear Lake are of northeastern Utah and southeastern Idaho is situated along U.S. 89 and within close driving distance of much of Utah's population. Up to the present there has been little orderly or planned development of Bear Lake. Nevertheless use of the area has been increasing, particularly for water-oriented sports. Many parties traveling through the area are on their way to the Northern parks, i.e., Yellowstone, Grand Teton, and Glacier, or from these parks to Salt Lake City and points south or west. Thus, if the Bear Lake area were developed to provide services to the tourist, economic benefit to the area may be increased. To date, lakeside development by farmers has resulted in a "shanty" appearance, with old barns, sheds, and various log structures. No zoning regulations have been initiated for the lake shore areas. A local service group, the Bear Lake Improvement Association, is considering various ideas to improve the existing facilities as well as ideas for developing new facilities. The group's primary purpose at the present is to improve the lake's appearance by clean-up efforts and to advertise the area through the use of pamphlets and signs. This attempt may acquaint more people with the recreational opportunities and facilities offered in Bear Lake Valley. Currently, the economy of the Bear Lake area is primarily agricultural. However, the limited amount of tillable soil and the short growing season greatly restrict the agricultural potential of the area. Additional income-producing endeavors of a recreational nature could be explored. The Bear Lake area has many undeveloped attractions which could be developed to draw tourists. Because of these opportunities, research has been undertaken to examine the possibility of expanded recreational development by private operation in the Bear Lake area.

This study investigated the language skills and behavior characteristic of 63 students with severe behavior disorders who were referred by a large, mostly urban school district for a neuropsychiatric evaluation between 2001 and 2005. Archival data were retrieved by chart review for this study and was used to answer the following questions: 1) What is the prevalence of language disorders in children referred for a psychiatric evaluation? 2) Do behavioral symptoms vary among children with and without a language disorder? and 3) What is the initial area of concern identified by the parents of children with language and behavior disorders? The study revealed: (1) prevalence rates of language disorders in children with severe behavior was 57%; (2) behavioral symptoms did not vary significantly among children with and without language disorders on the parent version of Child Behavior Check List; and (3) no relationship existed between parent initial area of concern about their child and communication. Study results support the need for teacher education about the high prevalence of language disorders in children with severe behavioral problems in school populations.

<p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur La Poterie kan utöka sin kundkrets och behålla de redan befintliga kunderna, detta genom att se till olika marknadsföringsverktyg. La Poterie är ett svenskt företag som importerar och säljer portugisisk handmålad keramik och inredningsdetaljer.</p><p>Metod: Studien är uppbyggd på två olika kvantitativa enkätundersökningar, med potentiella och befintliga kunder till La Poterie. Vidare har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med ägarna till företaget. Denna information har vi bearbetat tillsammans med relevant teori och olika marknadsföringsverktyg.</p><p>Resultat och Slutsats: Det resultat vi har kommit fram till efter studiens genomförande är att La Poteries befintliga kunder främst är kvinnor i åldern 31-40. De flesta bor utanför Gävle och handlar på La Poterie ungefär 0-2 gånger per år. Många av kunderna skulle köpa mer produkter från företaget om priset var lägre. De flesta kände inte till att företagets produkter var miljövänliga. Företagets potentiella kunder är främst kvinnor i åldern 20-40 år som bor i centrala delen av Gävle. Dessa är intresserade av att köpa keramik och inredning och tycker att design/utseende är det som motiverar dem mest vid ett nytt inrednings inköp.</p><p>Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett område som vi tycker är intressant att studera djupare är säljarnas bristande engagemang för produkterna och företaget. Detta eftersom vi ser en brist hos La Poteries säljare, då de ej har det engagemang som krävs. En annan studie som skulle kunna genomföras är hur ett företag kan hitta en sund balans mellan olika distributionskanaler i ett och samma företag. Slutligen kan vi se en intressant fortsatt studie i orsaker till varför ett litet företag förlorar kunder till större företag.</p><p>Uppsatsens bidrag: Vi har kommit med en rad olika åtgärder och förbättringar som La Poterie kan tillämpa för att vidga sin kundkrets. Några av de viktigaste förslagen till förbättring är att:</p><p>- Företaget skall satsa på utbildning av personal och rekrytera nya säljare.</p><p>- Butikens läge måste diskuteras och företaget borde ta tillfället i akt och profilera sig som ett företag med miljövänliga produkter.</p><p>- La Poterie borde även se över sina distributionskanaler och sin produktportfölj.</p><p>- Vårt sista förslag på förbättring är att separera sitt kontor och sin butik och att även arbeta med att göra butiken mysigare.</p> / <p>Aim: The aim of this study is to examine how La Poterie can increase their customer base and retain there already existing customers, by looking at different marketing instruments. La Poterie is a Swedish company that imports and sale Portuguese ceramic and home furnishings products.</p><p>Method: The study is based on two surveys, one with the potential customers and the other with the existing customers. Further we have conducted two interviews with the owners of La Poterie to complement the data. We have together with the relevant theories and other marketing instruments dealt with the information.</p><p>Result & Conclusions: The result of our study shows that La Poterie’s existing customers are mainly women between 31-40. Most of the women live outside Gävle city and they buy La Poteries products 0-2 times a year. The customers would buy more products from the company if the price was lower. Most of the customers did not know that the company’s products are environment friendly. La Poterie’s potential customers are mainly women between 20-40 years old, which live in the central parts of Gävle. These women are interested in buying ceramic and home furnishings products and they think that design and appearance are the two most motivating factors for them when purchasing a new product.</p><p>Suggestions for future research: One possible study that we think would be interesting to examine is the sellers’ lack of commitment in the products and the company. In our study, we observed the sellers’ inactive role which needs to be developed. Another possible study is to examine how a company can find a balance between the different distribution channels. Our last suggestion for further research concerns an investigation why small companies often loose there customers to bigger companies.</p><p>Contribution of the thesis: After this study we have come up with different suggestions to La Poterie in expanding their customer base. Some of the most important suggestions for improvement are:</p><p>- The company should improve the education of their sellers and recruit new sellers.</p><p>- They should discuss the location of the shop and improve their marketing as a company selling environment friendly products.</p><p>- La Poterie should look over their distribution channels and their different product lines. The company should also separate the office from the shop.</p>

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur La Poterie kan utöka sin kundkrets och behålla de redan befintliga kunderna, detta genom att se till olika marknadsföringsverktyg. La Poterie är ett svenskt företag som importerar och säljer portugisisk handmålad keramik och inredningsdetaljer. Metod: Studien är uppbyggd på två olika kvantitativa enkätundersökningar, med potentiella och befintliga kunder till La Poterie. Vidare har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med ägarna till företaget. Denna information har vi bearbetat tillsammans med relevant teori och olika marknadsföringsverktyg. Resultat och Slutsats: Det resultat vi har kommit fram till efter studiens genomförande är att La Poteries befintliga kunder främst är kvinnor i åldern 31-40. De flesta bor utanför Gävle och handlar på La Poterie ungefär 0-2 gånger per år. Många av kunderna skulle köpa mer produkter från företaget om priset var lägre. De flesta kände inte till att företagets produkter var miljövänliga. Företagets potentiella kunder är främst kvinnor i åldern 20-40 år som bor i centrala delen av Gävle. Dessa är intresserade av att köpa keramik och inredning och tycker att design/utseende är det som motiverar dem mest vid ett nytt inrednings inköp. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett område som vi tycker är intressant att studera djupare är säljarnas bristande engagemang för produkterna och företaget. Detta eftersom vi ser en brist hos La Poteries säljare, då de ej har det engagemang som krävs. En annan studie som skulle kunna genomföras är hur ett företag kan hitta en sund balans mellan olika distributionskanaler i ett och samma företag. Slutligen kan vi se en intressant fortsatt studie i orsaker till varför ett litet företag förlorar kunder till större företag. Uppsatsens bidrag: Vi har kommit med en rad olika åtgärder och förbättringar som La Poterie kan tillämpa för att vidga sin kundkrets. Några av de viktigaste förslagen till förbättring är att: - Företaget skall satsa på utbildning av personal och rekrytera nya säljare. - Butikens läge måste diskuteras och företaget borde ta tillfället i akt och profilera sig som ett företag med miljövänliga produkter. - La Poterie borde även se över sina distributionskanaler och sin produktportfölj. - Vårt sista förslag på förbättring är att separera sitt kontor och sin butik och att även arbeta med att göra butiken mysigare. / Aim: The aim of this study is to examine how La Poterie can increase their customer base and retain there already existing customers, by looking at different marketing instruments. La Poterie is a Swedish company that imports and sale Portuguese ceramic and home furnishings products. Method: The study is based on two surveys, one with the potential customers and the other with the existing customers. Further we have conducted two interviews with the owners of La Poterie to complement the data. We have together with the relevant theories and other marketing instruments dealt with the information. Result &amp; Conclusions: The result of our study shows that La Poterie’s existing customers are mainly women between 31-40. Most of the women live outside Gävle city and they buy La Poteries products 0-2 times a year. The customers would buy more products from the company if the price was lower. Most of the customers did not know that the company’s products are environment friendly. La Poterie’s potential customers are mainly women between 20-40 years old, which live in the central parts of Gävle. These women are interested in buying ceramic and home furnishings products and they think that design and appearance are the two most motivating factors for them when purchasing a new product. Suggestions for future research: One possible study that we think would be interesting to examine is the sellers’ lack of commitment in the products and the company. In our study, we observed the sellers’ inactive role which needs to be developed. Another possible study is to examine how a company can find a balance between the different distribution channels. Our last suggestion for further research concerns an investigation why small companies often loose there customers to bigger companies. Contribution of the thesis: After this study we have come up with different suggestions to La Poterie in expanding their customer base. Some of the most important suggestions for improvement are: - The company should improve the education of their sellers and recruit new sellers. - They should discuss the location of the shop and improve their marketing as a company selling environment friendly products. - La Poterie should look over their distribution channels and their different product lines. The company should also separate the office from the shop.