This study investigated the development potentials in the mineral processing plant of Björkdal. The flotation processes were explored with the purpose of finding out how to achieve a higher and a more uniform gold recovery with adapted choices of parameters. A material balance was carried out to describe in what flows the gold was distributed the current day of sampling. The material was sampled, prepared, and analysed according to gold grade. The sampling method of grab sampling was used and samples from seven occasions during the day were added and created the sample of the day. The sizes of the samples were based on experience but were checked by the Gy´s sampling formula. The sampling was performed during three days and the results were compiled in three material balances, one of which was a fraction balance. The pulp flow, the solid flow and the gold flow were documented as material balances. Deficiencies in the form of imbalances between inflows and outflows were corrected by a method of data reconciliation. The balanced measured values were used for analysis and documentation.In the mine of Björkdal the pH values were measured in the flotation processes. The residence times of the flows through the flotation plant was calculated from the material balance. The additions of reagents were noted and scaled down to the conditions of the laboratory. The conditioning was not included in the Björkdal process.In the flotation experiments at the Mineral processing laboratory, Luleå University of Technology, the influence of the adaptable parameters on the gold recovery was investigated. The following parameters were included in the experiments: pH, flotation time, particle sizes, conditioning time, and reagents additions. The conditions in the Björkdal plant were scaled down to correspond to those of the flotation cells of RÅ0 and RÅ1-3. For the experiments the material was sampled from the RÅ0 entry flow and from the Flotation entry flow. The material samples from the Flotation entry flow replaced the RÅ1-3 entry flow to imitate the conditions of the RÅ1-3 cell. This simplification was motivated by the practical sampling conditions.The results showed that it was possible to achieve a higher gold recovery by adapting pH, residence time and particle sizes. The gold recovery appeared to be independent of conditioning time. The experiment with reagent additions as parameter indicated that higher reagent additions resulted in faster flotation in the introduction part of the process. The report summarized graphically the measurements from the material balance and the flotation experiments in order to give best possible survey of the dependences between parameters and gold recovery. The experiments made it obvious that higher gold recovery resulted in lower gold grade. Therefore a compromise of adjustment between gold recovery and gold grade is important to consider. Variations of the gold recovery could be connected to the geological conditions. In the report significant results were documented. / <p>Validerat; 20130618 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

Bakgrund: Hundterapi är ett relativt outforskat område, i dagsläget finns det en begränsad mängd med evidensbaserad forskning rörande vårdhundens effekter. Vårdhunden har många olika användningsområden inom sjukvården. Sjukdomar som demens och psykisk ohälsa är vida utbrett i världen och det syns en ökning av personer som drabbas av demens vilket kan kopplas till en ökad medellivslängd. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vårdhundens effekter på välbefinnandet hos personer med kognitiv nedsättning samt att som metodologisk aspekt beskriva på vilket sätt hunden använts som oberoende variabel i studiernas interventioner. Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie där tio kvantitativa experimentella studier har granskats och sammanställts. Huvudresultat: Sammanställningen av studierna gav tre olika utfall, förbättrad effekt, försämrad effekt samt oförändrat utfall. Flera av studierna visade på att vårdhunden hade minskat deltagarnas depressiva symtom och deras nedstämdhet. Samtidigt syntes en ökad emotionell stabilitet samt en minskad ångest och aggressivitet hos deltagarna. De ingående studierna visade även en försämrad effekt av välbefinnandet och en ökning av dementa symptom vilket yttrade sig genom att deltagarna blev mindre adekvata och mer verbalt aggressiva, huruvida denna effekt berodde på vårdhunden framkom inte. Utifrån den metodologiska frågeställningen framkom det ur studierna att deltagarna fått klappa, leka, utfodra, promenera samt fått välja själva hur de spendera tiden med hunden. Slutsatser: Ur litteraturstudien framkom det förbättrade effekter på välbefinnandet hos deltagarna med kognitiva nedsättningar efter hundterapin, vilket framhåller hundens hälsofrämjande egenskaper. Vidare saknade stora delar av de ingående studierna statistisk signifikans och blev därför inte tillförlitliga. Det behövs därför mer evidensbaserad forskning för att kunna fastställa vårdhundens effekter inom området. / Background: Dog therapy is an unexplored area within the field of nursing, to date there´s a lack of evidence based research regarding the therapeutic effects of the dog in health-care. The therapy dog has a variety of areas in the healthcare which it can be used. Dementia and mental illness is a widely spread over the world and there is an increase in people diagnosed with the disorder, it´s thought to be related to increased average life expectancy. Aim: The aim of this literature-review was to describe the effects of the therapy dog on the wellbeing on patients with cognitive dysfunctions and as methodological aspect describe in which way the dog has been used as an independent variable in the interventions of the studies. Method: A descriptive literature-review where ten quantitative experimental studies has been reviewed and complied. Main result: The result of the included studies were summarized under three different outcomes, improved effect, degraded effect and unchanged effect. Several of the studies showed a decrease in the participant’s depressive symptoms, it was thought to be due to the effects of the dog. The participants showed an increased emotional stability and a reduced grade of anxiety as well as decreased aggressive behavior. The outcome of the included studies also showed a decreased tendency in the participant’s self-experience quality of life and an increased frequency of dementia symptoms, which were revealed as les adequateness and more verbally aggressive. Based on the methodological question the studies showed that the activities the participants did during the intervention were; pet the dog, play with the dog, feed it, take walks with the dog and they could choose individually what they wanted to do. Conclusion: The literature- review revealed that the therapy dog had a improved impact on the participants wellbeing after the intervention, compared to before the intervention. This emphasizes the dog´s health-promoting characteristics. Furthermore, the outcome of the literature- review shows that the result from the included studies lack statistical significance, therefore these results were not counted as reliable. The present review underlines the need for further evidence- based research regarding the health-promoting effects of the therapy dog.

In Sweden, physics education is supposed to contribute to developing the stu-dent's experimental skill. After a physics course, students should be able to plan, execute and evaluate an experiment. In this study, seven physics teachers are interviewed about their reasoning considering assessment of experimental skills. The study aims to describe teachers' stories about their work with as-sessment of laboratory work. The results of the study show a spread of how teachers, according to them-selves, are dealing with the assessment of experiments. Some teachers work thoroughly with getting a basis to be able to assess all parts of the laboratory skill, while others leave some parts out. The most common assessment is of reports that students write after a laboratory assignment. It is also possible to see tendencies that the school teachers work at influences how teachers reason about assessment. / I Skolverkets ämnesplan för fysik står det att fysikundervisningen ska bidra till att utveckla elevens experimentella förmåga. Efter en fysikkurs ska eleven kunna planera, utföra och även utvärdera en laboration. I denna studie har sju fysiklärare på gymnasiet intervjuats om hur de resonerar kring bedömning av den experimentella förmågan. Undersökningen ämnar åt att redogöra lärares berättelser om hur de arbetar med bedömning av laborationer. Resultatet i studien visar en spridning över hur lärare enligt dem själva arbetar med bedömning av experiment. Vissa lärare arbetar noga med att få bedöm-ningsunderlag av alla delar i den laborativa förmågan medan någon lärare väl-jer bort vissa delar. Det som är gemensamt är att de allra flesta bedömer labo-rationsrapporter som eleverna skriver efter ett utfört experiment. Det går också att se tendenser till att skolan som läraren jobbar på har betydelse för hur lära-ren resonerar kring bedömning.

Min utgångspunkt för den här studien har varit att förstå och analysera pojkars menings- och identitetsskapande i vardagen. Mitt intresse var att förstå identitetsprocesser såsom de framträder i pojkars möten med olika texter, i ett vidgat perspektiv, med fokus på virtuella världar. Grundläggande begrepp är identitet, reception och meningsskapande. Vad jag främst velat ta reda på är vilken betydelse texter och virtuella världar har för pojkars menings- och identitetsskapande. För att ge en bakgrund och för att läsaren ska kunna få en bild av de olika sociala rum studiens pojkar befinner sig i ”tecknar” jag deras ”porträtt”. Jag ger också en bild av vilka texter, i ett vidgat perspektiv, pojkarna finner vara meningsbärande. Studiens resultat tematiseras sedan i tre delar för att i slutdiskussionen åter vävas samman. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats och dess empiri är insamlad under ett antal intervjuer med fyra pojkar i skolår sju. Studiens slutsatser diskuterar hur pojkarna rör sig mellan olika sociala rum, mellan det som är skola och det de anser vara fritidskultur. De är ständigt upptagna med att definiera sig själva och detta görs bland annat utifrån olika texter där skönlitteratur har en marginell betydelse medan dataspelen och spelens berättelser lyfts av pojkarna. Pojkarna upplever att de har en egen stark identitet som de själva är skapare av. Informanterna anser att vissa kompetenser kan utvecklas vid spelande, men de ser också faror för dem som spelar mycket. De upplever en mycket liten respons från vuxenvärlden, men anser sig vara nöjda med det. Ungdomarna i denna studie uttrycker ett behov av en skyddad arena. Spelande är en aktivitet som för dessa pojkar hör hemma i livet utanför skolan.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Background: The negative effects of air pollution on morbidity and mortality have been known since the mid 20th century. The two most well known examples are the Meuse Valley disaster in the 1930’ies and the London black fog in December 1952. Whilst there are numerous epidemiological studies, in which associations between morbidity and mortality and high levels of pollutants have been reported, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Two of the main air pollutants are particulate matter (PM) mostly emanating from diesel exhaust (DE), and ozone, both of which are highly oxidative. Exposure to DE has resulted in adverse effects both in the respiratory tract and in the cardiovascular system. High ozone levels have also been shown to be associated with increased admissions to hospital for respiratory as well as cardiovascular conditions. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of a combination of exposures to ozone and DE. DE generated during the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle (ETC) was compared to DE generated by an idling engine. It was also evaluated whether an acute exposure to ozone would have any effects on the cardiovascular system as assessed by venous occlusion forearm plethysmography and heart rate variability (HRV). In addition, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was evaluated as a potential marker for acute exposure to ozone or DE. Methods: Four double-blind randomized cross-over exposure studies were conducted to investigate the effects of ozone and DE on both the respiratory tract and the vascular function in healthy volunteers. All of the exposures were performed in purposely built “walk-in” chambers with strictly controlled exposures. In the first study, the volunteers were exposed to DE (300µg/m3) generated by an idling engine or to air, for one hour in the morning and to ozone (200 ppb) for two hours in the afternoon. A bronchoscopy with bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 24 hours after the initial exposure. In study II and III, an assessment of vascular function using venous occlusion forearm plethysmography was performed after an exposure to DE (250 µg/m3) generated under transient running conditions, compared to air exposure (study II) and ozone and air exposure (study III). HRV was assessed under a 24 hour period starting before each exposure (study III). In study IV, FENO measurements were conducted after DE and ozone exposures to investigate whether the previously established airway inflammation would be detectable by this non-invasive method. Results: DE exposure enhanced the established ozone-induced airway inflammation in terms of a pronounced neutrophilia in BW. DE generated under transient running conditions, impaired vascular function in healthy volunteers, whereas exposure to ozone did not. HRV were not altered by exposure to ozone. Exposure to DE caused a significant increase in FENO at the 10  (FENO10) and 50 (FENO50) mL/s flow rates at 6 hours post-exposure, but ozone exposure did not affect FENO at any flow rate or time point. Conclusion: We have tried to mimic real-life exposure to air pollutants. In the first study, an exposure to DE followed by an exposure to ozone in the afternoon resulted in an enhanced airway inflammation, suggesting an additive or synergistic effect, supporting the epidemiological findings of unfavorable effects of the combination of these two air pollutants. DE generated by an engine running at the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle impaired two important and complementary aspects of vascular function, the regulation of vascular tone and endogenous fibrinolysis. This has previously been shown with DE generated at idling conditions. This suggests that the mechanisms behind the adverse effects can be found in the properties of the particles and not in the gaseous components. In these studies, exposure to ozone did not impair vascular function in healthy subjects, or cause any alterations in HRV. This suggests that the epidemiological evidence for an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality following acute exposure to ozone might not be totally accurate. Previous controlled exposure studies with ozone have not shown an airway inflammation affecting the endothelium, at least not in the same time-frame as following DE exposure. FENO could possibly be a useful tool for assessing airway inflammation caused by DE, whereas the powerful oxidant ozone did not affect FENO. This suggests that the airway inflammatory effects caused by these two pollutants are regulated via different mechanisms.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

När stadsbyggnadsprojekt planeras och städer omformas, var kommer medborgares kunskap om sin omgivning in? Hur behåller eller skapar medborgarna en anknytning till stadens platser, när deras användning och identitet förändras? Om staden ska vara en allmän rättighet krävs det att den växer fram kollektivt. Därför måste medborgares kunskap tas till vara på i stadens utveckling och i konkreta stadsbyggnadsprojekt. Det är svårt att se hur medborgare kommer få en koppling till dessa platser när de under en lång tid av stadsomvandlingen är avskärmade från den. Hur kan dessa platser, istället för att exkludera medborgare, bli en del av deras vardag redan under planerings- och förändringsprocesser? Hur kan medborgarnas delaktighet i planerings- och byggprocessen vara med om att bygga upp värden för platsers framtida användare?I Jubileumsparken i Göteborg används en metod planerarna kallar platsbyggnad. Arbetet bygger på att koppla samman medborgare med platsen under planeringen av den nya stadsdelen i Frihamnen genom att skapa urbana prototyper. Prototyperna öppnar upp för medborgarna att använda och utveckla platsen medan den planeras och tar fysisk form.Genom att prototyperna är i ett konstant flöde av användning och omvandling kan nya förståelser av hur planering kan gå till och vad platsen kan bli skapas. Prototyperna hjälper till att gå från något flytande (planer, idéer, visioner) till något fast.I studien ställer vi oss frågorna: var kommer idén om prototypprojekt ifrån? Hur har idén vuxit fram? Hur har prototyperna utvecklats och förändrats? Hur förstår och använder olika aktörer prototyperna och hur fungerar de i arbetet med Jubileumsparken?Prototyperna i sig själva hamnar i ett gränsland mellan aktörers relationer till prototyperna. Kontrasten av aktörernas relation till prototyperna gör det svårt att definiera vad prototyperna egentligen är, men genom att för en stund gör relationerna till något fast kan vi studera dem. När prototyperna är stabila och relationerna inte längre kommer omvandlas, och inga nya relationer kommer skapas, så har de kanske slutligen övergått till något fast. Men kommer de någonsin bli permanenta? Kanske är de bara i ett fast tillstånd för en stund? De är fasta objekt så länge inga relationer skapas eller omvandlas. / When urban construction projects are planned and cities are transformed, where will citizens’ knowledge of their surroundings come in? How do the citizens create or keep an attachment to the city’s places when their use and identity change? If the city is to be a universal right, it is required that it grows collectively. Therefore, citizens’ knowledge must be taken into account in the city’s development and in concrete urban construction projects. It’s hard to see how citizens will get a connection to these sites when they are shielded from the urban transformation for a long time. How can these places, instead of excluding citizens, become part of their everyday lives during the planning and construction process? How can citizens’ involvement in the planning and construction process help to build up the values ​for site’s future users?Jubileumsparken in Gothenburg uses a method the planners call space building. The work is based on linking citizens with the site during the planning of the new district in Frihamnen by creating urban prototypes. Prototypes open up for citizens to use and develop the site while it’s being planned and taking physical form. Because the prototypes are in a constant flow of use and conversion, new understandings of how planning can be and how the site can be created. Prototypes help move from something floating (plans, ideas, visions) to something solid.In the study we are asking the following questions: where does the idea of ​​prototype projects come from? How has the idea emerged? How have prototypes evolved and changed? How do different actors understand and use prototypes and how do they work in Jubileumsparken?The prototypes themselves end up in a borderland between actors’ relations with the prototypes. The contrast of the actors’ relation to the prototypes makes it difficult to define what the prototypes really are, but by making the relationships solid for some time we can study them. When the prototypes are stable and the relationships will no longer be transformed, and no new relationships will be created, they may eventually have shifted to something fixed. But will they ever become permanent? Maybe they are just in a solid state for a while? They are fixed objects as long as no relationships are created or converted.

Testing and analysis of measurement data is a major part of the workday for development engineers within the section Fluid and Emission Treatment to assure the quality of products developed by Scania CV. The ineluctable variation and therefore uncertainty of results can be quantified and discussed with the use of statistical methods. The overall objective of this study is to examine how the competence of development engineers can be improved within the area of statistics. This has been done by relating the concept of competence with the use of statistical methods to analyse experimental data and by investigating which factors that influence the competence of the engineers. Observations of the daily operations, interviews and a focus group with development engineers and a workshop with management personnel, has been used as research methods in this study. The results show that the desired competence, from the perspective of the individual, consists of knowledge, motivation and support. It is important that none of these parts are neglected when the competence of engineers is to be strengthened. The demand of statistical analysis by management and decision makers is a factor that has been shown to have great influence on the competence of development engineers. The competence of development engineers is also influenced by which tools and other types of support the organisation offers. The conclusion is that competence development is more comprehensive than a one-time-effort, as for example a short course, since the competence needs to be maintained and develop as the business evolves. A continuous support from the organisation would probably contribute to a more active development of competence. Knowledge sharing between colleagues on internal digital platforms has great potential and could be a component of a continuous support for the development engineers. / Provtagningar och analys av mätdata är en stor del av utvecklingsingenjörernas arbetsvardag inom sektionen Fluid and Emission Treatment för att säkerställa kvalitén på de produkter som Scania CV AB utvecklar. Den ofrånkomliga variationen och därmed osäkerheten i resultat kan kvantifieras och diskuteras med statistiska metoder. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur utvecklingsingenjörernas kompetens inom statistikämnet kan förstärkas. Detta har gjorts genom att relatera kompetensbegreppet till användningen av statistiska metoder för att analysera experimentella data samt utreda vilka faktorer som påverkar ingenjörens kompetens. Observationer av verksamheten, intervjuer och en fokusgrupp med utvecklingsingenjörer samt en workshop med personer i ledande befattning har använts som forskningsmetod i studien. Resultatet visar att den önskade kompetensen, ur individens perspektiv, består av tre delar, kunskap, motivation och stöd. Det är viktigt att ingen av dessa delar bortses ifrån när ingenjörernas kompetens ska utvecklas. Efterfrågan av statistiska analyser från chefer och beslutsfattare är en faktor som har visat sig ha stor påverkan på utvecklingsingenjörernas kompetens. Vilka hjälpmedel och övriga stöd som erbjuds från organisationen har även stor inverkan på kompetensen. Slutsatsen är att kompetensutvecklingen är mer omfattande än en punktinsats, som exempelvis en kort kurs, eftersom kompetensen måste underhållas samt utvecklas vartefter verksamheten utvecklas. Ett kontinuerligt stöd från organisationen bidrar sannolikt till en mer aktiv kompetensutveckling. Kunskapsdelning mellan kollegor via interna digitala plattformar har stor potential och skulle kunna utgöra en del av ett kontinuerligt stöd för utvecklingsingenjörerna.