Les années 1960 au Québec sont marquées par un vigoureux courant nationaliste prônant l’affirmation politique et culturelle des francophones dans la province. Également, le phénomène de l’américanisation du territoire québécois s’accélère. C’est dans ce cadre historique particulier que naissent en 1968 les Expos de Montréal, équipe du circuit de baseball le plus important au monde, soit la Ligue du baseball majeur. La MLB s’installe alors dans un territoire où le baseball est centenaire. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’étudier les débats et réactions suscités par l’avènement de Montréal dans le baseball majeur, en déterminant l’influence qu’y ont joué le nationalisme québécois des années 1960, l’américanisation du Québec et la longue histoire du baseball dans la province. Si les deux communautés linguistiques de celle-ci sont ici à l’étude, il n’en demeure pas moins que l’attention est davantage portée sur les francophones que les anglophones. En effet, ceux-ci ont semblé davantage interpelés par la création des Expos. D’ailleurs, parmi les deux groupes, les positions les plus documentées sont celles des chroniqueurs sportifs, qui se retrouvent donc au cœur de notre étude. Les opinions d’amateurs de baseball, de politiciens, d’hommes d’affaires ou de simples citoyens québécois sont également rapportées et analysées, mais dans une plus faible mesure. / The 1960’s in Québec were marked by an intense nationalist movement promoting the political and cultural affirmation of the province’s francophone population. Also, the americanization of the territory was accelarating. It’s in this particular historical context that were born the Montreal Expos, in 1968, the team being part of the most important baseball league in the world, The Major League Baseball. The MLB then settled on a land where baseball is centenary. The goal of this master thesis is to study the debates and reactions that were created by the advent of Montreal in major baseball, and to determine the influence that the québécois nationalism, the Québec’s americanization and the long history of baseball in the province had on them. Even though both national communities of Québec are studied, the focus is further more on the francophones than the anglophones. The first ones seemed to be more interpellated by the creation of the Expos. Besides that, for the two linguistic groups, the actors who shared the most clearly and often their positions are the sports journalists, whom are in the center of our analysis. The opinions of baseball fans, politicians, buisness men and regular Quebec’s citizens are also presented and analyzed, but with less attention.

Le baseball occupe une place atypique dans les discours publics au Québec. Ses multiples représentations, teintées d’une exubérante ferveur ou d’un désintérêt des plus opiniâtres, l’attestent sans équivoque. Outre l’unicité de la langue française (qui est déjà beaucoup en soi), on se doute que des particularismes québécois existent et qu’ils prennent forme dans les diverses manifestations culturelles écrites, chantées, dessinées ou publicisées de ce sport. Le baseball a influencé les cultures savante et populaire d’ici et il continue à faire couler de l’encre, à pénétrer et à structurer des discours de natures diverses et à marquer l’imaginaire et l’imagination. Il s’agit dans la présente recherche d’arriver à une lecture spécifiquement québécoise des représentations du baseball dans l’imaginaire (social, collectif et culturel) entre 1994 et 2014, grâce à l’examen de quatre thématiques principales, soit l’écriture, l’espace, le temps et la sexualité. / Baseball holds a special place in Quebec’s public discourse. Its multiple representations, stuck between heartfelt passion and a stubborn disinterest, are proof of this. Besides the uniqueness of the French language (which is already significant in itself), we can suspect that a Quebec distinctiveness exists through the various cultural expressions of this sport, whether they be written, sung, drawn or publicized. Baseball has influenced both highbrow and popular culture and continues to be discussed, to penetrate and structure various discourses and to influence imagination and the imaginary. The aim of the present research is to provide a Quebec-specific reading of baseball’s presence and representations in the social, collective and cultural discourses between 1994 and 2014 through the consideration of four main themes : writing, space, time and sexuality.

中國與日本早在1866年就接到法國邀請參加1867年在巴黎舉行的世界博覽會，日本幕府組團參展，而中國的滿清政府以「曉諭商民參加」搪塞，並未組團，到了1873年方由海關洋員組團參加奧國舉辦的「維也納世界博覽會」。另日本明治政府於1877~1907年間共舉辦六次「內國勸業博覽會」，而中國卻遠落後30多年於1910年方首度舉辦等同規格的「南洋勸業會」，是什麼因素造成彼此間博覽會發展的延誤落差？有鑒於這方面的研究較少且深度尚淺，另有鑒於中日兩國現代化也有類似延誤落差的研究，大多限於某些狹小範圍的努力，可惜少了整體的解釋，我們需要一個關於中國現代化的綜合觀點，以深入全面的了解中國社會的變遷。本論文以中日兩國參與世博會事業進行案例研究(Case Study)，並兼論兩國現代化發展差異，方法上以歷程分析法(Process Analysis)，除了要分析影響博覽會事業成敗的關鍵活動成員(Player)，在接觸意會、參展學習及引進實做過程中的認知、能力與經驗之外，還要掌握關鍵活動成員和博覽會引進過程是被鑲崁在社會脈絡(context)，一些地理、經濟、社會、政治及文化等脈絡因素不容忽視。企求能從綜合的觀點進行歷程分析，釐清兩國博覽會事業落差，進而以此綜合觀點討論兩國現代化發展差異。

The aim of this study is to report findings of inquiry into the role that problem-based approach can play in the teaching and learning of Technology in Thabo-Mofutsanyana District in Qwaqwa. This study followed qualitative research methods and ethnographic design informed by the researcher’s desire for the study to be conducted from firsthand knowledge generated in the research setting. The researcher interviewed Grade 9 Technology teachers and experts, observed teaching and learning in two participating and two non-participating secondary schools in Murray & Roberts Technology Olympiad and analysed Technology teachers’ lesson plans and workschedules, portfolios and files of Grade 9 Technology learners. Key findings that this study produced include: PBL is a need in the teaching of Technology; learners function at a higher level of thinking; learners treat concepts at higher and deeper level; learners become more motivated and learners are able to discover theories and make inventions. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

The aim of this study is to report findings of inquiry into the role that problem-based approach can play in the teaching and learning of Technology in Thabo-Mofutsanyana District in Qwaqwa. This study followed qualitative research methods and ethnographic design informed by the researcher’s desire for the study to be conducted from firsthand knowledge generated in the research setting. The researcher interviewed Grade 9 Technology teachers and experts, observed teaching and learning in two participating and two non-participating secondary schools in Murray & Roberts Technology Olympiad and analysed Technology teachers’ lesson plans and workschedules, portfolios and files of Grade 9 Technology learners. Key findings that this study produced include: PBL is a need in the teaching of Technology; learners function at a higher level of thinking; learners treat concepts at higher and deeper level; learners become more motivated and learners are able to discover theories and make inventions. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)