This Master thesis deals with the topic of the German minority in the village Lenora. As the life in Lenora was very closely connected to the local glassworks, the thesis provides a brief history of glass in the Bohemian Forest and the glassworks in Lenora as well as the historical context in the country dating from the establishment of Czechoslovakia and the analysis of the life in Lenora. The thesis also describes the situation after the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia because many Germans stayed in Lenora even after the expulsion due to their employment in the glassworks. In addition to the history of Germans in Lenora, interviews with several contemporary witnesses were made. After the expulsion, the population in Lenora changed significantly, which was the reason for dedicating one chapter to the topic of remigration. The last chapter informs about the current state of affairs concentrating on the society Heimatkreis Prachatitz administered by Germans who lived in the district of Prachatice.

The recidivism rate for disciplinary offenses has increased during the last 8 years in the secondary student population of a sizeable, urban school district in the southwest United States. Recidivism for this district is the act of committing a second disciplinary offense during a single calendar year following completion of a behavior program. Guided by Erikson's theory of social development, this case study was designed to collect a purposeful sample of 21 educators' perceptions of the impact of recidivism on students' education and the effectiveness of treatment models to reduce recidivism. Data were collected from qualitative semi-structured interviews and field notes. Data were coded to identify common themes. Six themes emerged from the analysis: academics vs. discipline, stigmas, mentoring, social pressures, truancy, and loneliness and isolation. The most effective models for reducing recidivism were identified as restorative justice and teaching-family. In addition, educators believed recidivism lowered overall student achievement. The results of this study are of interest to those seeking an understanding of the impact of recidivism on students' education. This study promotes positive social change by suggesting effective practices, models, and treatments that contribute to improved educational environments that support for all students.

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Exclusionary discipline policies (Casella, 2003; Christle, Jolivette & Nelson, 2005; Tuzzolo & Hewitt, 2007), academic failure and school dropout are some of the most salient factors in the school to prison pipeline (Christle, Jolivette & Nelson, 2005). While previous research has explored the variability in existing exclusionary discipline policies and identified numerous factors associated with expulsion or criminal justice outcomes among youth, there has been little effort to bring these individual and school level factors together into a single predictive model that is informed by existing criminological theories. In this context, the proposed study will use multiple waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to consider how school discipline policies, demographics, and competing criminological explanations affect the risk of expulsion and then future contact with the criminal justice system. Findings reveal that school-level factors such as severe disciplinary policies, school size, and school type are weak predictors of expulsion and adult arrest. Conversely, measures of social bonding, low self-control, learning, and strain theories show promise in predicting expulsion and arrest outcomes. A history of school disciplinary actions and self-reported delinquency present themselves as the strongest predictors of expulsion and subsequent arrest. Theoretical and policy implications are considered.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). "December 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-156). Also available via the World Wide Web.

La mémoire de la fuite et expulsion de plus de douze millions d’Allemands entre 1945 et 1950 connaît, depuis l’unification allemande, une nouvelle actualité : documentaires dans les médias depuis 2001, expositions nationales en 2005-2006 et surtout des débats qui semblent ne pas vouloir finir. Si ces débats sont souvent interprétés comme le signe du passage de cette mémoire du domaine communicatif au domaine culturel (Assmann), c’est-à-dire comme le signe de "négociations" attendues dès lors qu’il s’agit de la pérennisation et de l’institutionnalisation d’une mémoire de groupe au sein de la mémoire collective nationale, cette étude a précisément pour objectif d’interroger le fonctionnement de ce passage. Il s’agit de mettre à jour le (dis)cours, soit l’histoire, les formes discursives, les acteurs et les enjeux, politiques et identitaires, de cette recomposition mémorielle entre 1989 et 2005. Après une présentation du complexe historique et mémoriel de la fuite et expulsion avant 1989, l’étude discursive qualitative explore, en deux volets, les récits de mémoire privés dans les familles d’expulsés et le débat public dans la presse supra-régionale allemande entre 1989 et 2005. Elle met en évidence le rôle des médias et l’importance du critère générationnel dans les sphères privée comme publique, mais aussi la complexité des interactions mémorielles entre ces deux sphères avant d’élaborer un schéma de l’évolution du lieu de mémoire "fuite et expulsion" dans les quinze premières années suivant l’unification allemande. / Since the German reunification in 1990, the collective memory of the flight and expulsion of more than twelve millions Germans between 1945 and 1950 has become very topical again : several documentary films since 2001, two big exhibitions in 2005-2006 and above all long and controversial discussions have been largely commented in the press over the past twenty years. These debates are often interpreted as the sign of the evolution of this collective memory from a communicative to a cultural memory (Assmann), i.e. as a sign of the expected "negotiations" on its institutionalisation — not only in the group memory of the expelled people, but also in the German national memory. The aim of this research is thus to analyse precisely this evolution, i.e. the (dis)course of this difficult memory between 1989 and 2005, its history, forms and actors by paying attention to the implication of this memory discourse for German politics in Europe and for German national identity. After a presentation of the history and remembrance complex that was "flight and expulsion" before 1989, the study (a discourse analysis) explores, in two steps, the private memory stories in the families of German expellees and the public debate in the German national press between 1989 and 2005. The study points out the role of the media and the importance of the generational change both in the private and the public sphere, as well as the complicated interactions between the two levels. It then elaborates a scheme of how the memory of "flight and expulsion" evolved in the first fifteen years after the reunification.

Expulsion under international law - Abstract The purpose of my thesis is to analyze legislation of expulsion under international public law and comparison with draft articles of United Nation International Law Commission, that works on the topic for several years. The main aim of the thesis is to investigate if contemporary international legislation on expulsion provides protection of human rights of the aliens or if it prefers the state's right to expel the alien and compare today situation with work of UN International Law Commission that might result in a new international treaty in the future. The thesis is composed of eight chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the expulsion. Each chapter contains a partial conclusion. Chapter One is introductory and describes the research question and explains content of next chapters. Chapter Two defines used methodology and used literature. Chapter Three is subdivided into five parts. First two parts describe a right of a state to expel an alien and its development. Part Three deals with limits of the right to expel, mainly describes human right that can be affected by expulsion. Part Four focuses on definition of target country of the expulsion and part Five focuses on a definition of an alien. Chapter Four defines basic terminology used in the...

This thesis deals with the post-war years of the Rumburk district, more precisely with post-war expulsions and mainly with resettlement. The work was based on archival materials (SOkA Děčín), especially on the administrative ones, secondly, the comparison of accessible secondary literature was made and lastly, the actual memories of those who still remember were composed into the research. The accessible literature and sources are introduced to the reader right in the introduction. The thesis is divided into three basic parts. The first part focuses on the topic of post-war expulsions, what the author considers to be crucial for understanding of the phenomena of resettlement. Furthermore, this part consists of two parts: perception of post- war expulsions generally in the whole Czechoslovakia and concretely in the Rumburk region. The second part of the thesis includes the topic of resettlement, generally and concretely, as well. The last section deals with the Rumburk region from the view of historical sources and those who still remember. It also contains a chapter about the regional social and cultural life (culture and sports clubs, religion, towns and landscape transformation). The aim of the presented paper is not informing the reader about past-war expulsions or resettlement but it is...

TITLE: Transfer of Germans from Broumov district AUTHOR: Jitka Bartošková DEPARTMENT: History and History Didactics Department SUPERVISOR: doc. Ph.Dr. Alena Míšková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The present work studies a displacement process of German inhabitans from a former district Broumov in East Bohemia. Until 1946 Germans predominated in this place and Czechs represented the largest national minority there. Attention is focused on transfer in 1945 and 1946. In 1945 it took place on Czechoslovakian representatives' initiative and it was accompanied by many acts of violence. In the next year it was organized in agreement with international conventions, it was effected in more orderly manner and it had larger character. The utter most of German inhabitants was displaced from district Broumov at that time. Transfer was carried out by local authorities of state administration and police together with soldiers of Czechoslovakian army. Therefore attention is focused on conditions in this institutions, too. Official dokuments and reports resulted of its activity are the main source of this work. KEYWORDS: Transfer, Displacement, Expulsion, Politically unreliable people,

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Na segunda metade do sÃculo XVIII, a relaÃÃo da Companhia de Jesus com a coroa portuguesa muda consideravelmente, e, em consequÃncia dessa mudanÃa, as atividades apostÃlicas e educacionais dos agentes de confianÃa da aÃÃo evangelizadora da Igreja e do projeto colonizador da Coroa tambÃm mudam. Acusados de responsÃveis pelo atraso na educaÃÃo e de estarem formando um Estado com lÃngua, economia e governo prÃprio dentro da colÃnia, os inacianos foram considerados uma ameaÃa tanto para a Igreja como para o Estado, portanto, inimigos e passivos de serem expulsos do domÃnio portuguÃs. E foi a partir dessa mudanÃa na relaÃÃo da coroa portuguesa com a Companhia de Jesus que surgiu a nossa curiosidade para desenvolver a proposta deste trabalho de pesquisa, resultando nesta narrativa histÃrica, partindo da seguinte tese: A expulsÃo dos JesuÃtas à o resultado de um complexo movimento ideolÃgico, que sinaliza uma mudanÃa de paradigma sÃcio-polÃtico-cultural que inclui religiÃo e economia e à definidor das relaÃÃes entre Estado lusitano e Companhia de Jesus; e reforÃo na busca de consolidaÃÃo de uma novidade na forma de ser do Estado absolutista ilustrado, concebida sob a influÃncia de SebastiÃo Josà de Carvalho e Melo, a qual implica na ruptura do modelo de aÃÃo missionÃria e educacional dos JesuÃtas. Essa decisÃo suscita muitas perguntas a quem faz pesquisa histÃrica. Interessa saber como Pernambuco e capitanias anexas (CE, RN e PB) entram na perspectiva de provedores ou contribuintes da polÃtica econÃmica portuguesa que pressupunha o Brasil como a colÃnia que iria sanar o dÃficit portuguÃs? E em que medida a Companhia de Jesus interferiu nessa perspectiva econÃmica? Qual a relaÃÃo entre a apropriaÃÃo dos bens dos JesuÃtas de Pernambuco, o sistema de educaÃÃo jesuÃtico e o interesse econÃmico da coroa? O contato com as fontes documentais suscitou a perguntar, tambÃm, sobre a posiÃÃo polÃtico-econÃmica da GrÃ-Bretanha no que toca a relaÃÃo do Reino de Portugal e os interesses da GrÃ-Bretanha no episÃdio da expulsÃo dos JesuÃtas do Brasil em 1759. O resultado desta pesquisa, como tese de doutorado, busca analisar, sobretudo, a EducaÃÃo JesuÃtica nas relaÃÃes de convergÃncia e conflitos entre o Estado PortuguÃs e a Companhia de Jesus e contribuir na ampliaÃÃo das informaÃÃes existentes sobre o estado da educaÃÃo na expulsÃo dos JesuÃtas do Brasil, oferecendo novas evidÃncias sobre a histÃria dessa educaÃÃo na Capitania de Pernambuco e anexas (Rio Grande do Norte, ParaÃba e CearÃ). Os meados do sÃculo XVIII delineiam o tempo deste trabalho. Os vinte anos que antecedem a expulsÃo da Companhia de Jesus do Estado do Brasil, 1740 a 1760, constituem, portanto, o corte temporal da pesquisa. Esse corte temporal foi feito por incluir a conjuntura da Ãltima dÃcada do Governo de D. JoÃo V, fundamental para entender a administraÃÃo reformadora de D. Josà I, a consolidaÃÃo de SebastiÃo Josà de Carvalho e Melo como Ministro e as mudanÃas imediatas na educaÃÃo no regime colonial apÃs 1759. / In the second half of the eighteenth century, the relationship between the Society of Jesus and the Portuguese Crown changed considerably, and as a consequence of this change, the apostolic and educational activities of agents of trust in the evangelizing action of the Church and the colonizing project of the Crown also changed. Accused of being responsible for the delay in education and of forming a State with a language and its own economy and self-government, within the colony, the ignatians were considered a threat both to Church and to the State, therefore enemies and passives of being expelled from the Portuguese domain. And it was from this change in the relationship of the Portuguese Crown with the Society of Jesus that it aroused our curiosity to develop the proposal of this research work, which resulted in this historical narrative, starting from the following thesis: The expulsion of the Jesuits is the result of a complex ideological movement, which signalizes a socio-political-cultural paradigm shift that includes religion and economy and is the definer of relations between Lusitanian State and Company of Jesus; And reinforcement in the search for consolidation of a novelty in the form of being of the State, absolutist illustrated, conceived under the influence of SebastiÃo Josà de Carvalho e Melo, which implies in the rupture of the model of missionary and educational action of the Jesuits. This decision raises many questions to those who do historical research. It is interesting to know, as Pernambuco and annexed captaincies (CE, RN and PB) enter into the perspective of providers or contributors of Portuguese economic policy that assumed Brazil as the colony that would remedy the Portuguese deficit? And to what extent did the Society of Jesus interfere with this economic perspective? What is the relation between appropriation of the goods of the Jesuits of Pernambuco, Jesuit education system and economic interest of the crown? The contact with the documentary sources also raised the question of the politicaleconomic position of Great Britain as regards the relationship of the Kingdom of Portugal and the interests of Great Britain in the episode of the expulsion of the Jesuits from Brazil in 1759. The result of this research, as a doctoral thesis, seeks to analyze, above all, Jesuit Education in the relations of convergence and conflicts between the Portuguese State and the Society of Jesus, and contribute to the expansion of existing information on the state of education in the expulsion of the Jesuits of Brazil, offering new evidence on the history of this education in the Captaincy of Pernambuco and annexes (Rio Grande do Norte, ParaÃba and CearÃ). The mid-eighteenth century outlines the time of this work. The twenty years prior to the expulsion of the Company of Jesus from the State of Brazil, 1740 to 1760, constitute, therefore, the temporal cut of the research. This time cut was made to include the conjuncture of the last decade of the Government of D. JoÃo V, fundamental to understand the reform administration of D. Josà I, the consolidation of SebastiÃo Josà de Carvalho e Melo, as Minister, and the immediate changes in the Education in the colonial regime after 1759.