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Three Essays: Affect Transfer, Network Effects and Market Valuation of Brand ExtensionsLiu, Xin 09 September 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Body, Building and BeingArshad, Ifrah 19 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Class groups of ZZ-extensions and solvable automorphism groups of algebraic function fields /D'Mello, Joseph Gerard January 1982 (has links)
No description available.
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Impact of Increased Cache Misses on Runtime Performance of MPX-enabled ProgramsSharma, Niti 10 June 2019 (has links)
Low level languages like C and C++ provide high performance and direct control over memory management. But these languages are prone to memory safety violations. Intel introduced a new ISA extension-Memory Protection Extension(MPX), a hardware-assisted full-stack solution, to protect against the memory safety violations. While MPX efficiently prevents memory errors like buffer overflows and out of bound memory accesses, it comes at the cost of high performance overheads. Also, the cache locality worsens in MPX protected applications.
In our research, we analyze if there is a correlation between increase in cache misses and runtime degradation in programs compiled with MPX support. We analyze 15 SPEC CPU benchmark programs for different input sizes on Windows platform, compiled with Intel's ICC compiler. We find that for input sizes train(medium) and ref(large), the average performance overheads are 140% and 144% respectively. We find that 5 out of 15 benchmarks do not have any runtime overheads and also, do not have any change in cache misses at any level. However for rest of the 10 benchmarks, we find a strong correlation between runtime overheads and cache misses overheads, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.8 to 0.36 for different input sizes. Based on our findings, we conclude that there is a direct correlation between runtime overheads and increase in cache misses. We also find that instructions overheads and runtime overheads have a positive correlation, with the coefficient values ranging from 0.7 to 0.33 for different input sizes. / Master of Science / Low level programming languages like C and C++ are primary choices to write low-level systems software such as operating systems, virtual machines, embedded software, and performance-critical applications. But these languages are considered as unsafe and prone to memory safety errors. Intel introduced a new technique- Memory Protection Extensions (MPX) to protect against these memory errors. But prior research found that applications supported with MPX have increased runtimes (slowdowns).
In our research, we analyze these slowdowns for different input sizes(medium and large) in 15 benchmark applications. Based on the input sizes, the average slowdowns range from 140% to 144%. We then examine if there is a correlation between increase in cache misses under MPX and the slowdowns. A hardware cache is a component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster. Hence, cache miss is a state where the data requested for processing by a component or application is not found in the cache. Whenever a cache miss happen, the processor waits for the data to be fetched from the next cache level or from main memory before it can continue to execute. This wait influences the runtime performance of the application. Our evaluations find that 10 out of 15 applications which have increased runtimes, also have increase in cache misses. This shows a positive correlation between these two parameters. Along with that, we also found that increase in instruction size in MPX protected applications also has a direct correlation with the runtime degradation. We also quantify these relationships with a statistical measure called correlation coefficient.
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Les idéaux urbains ottomans sous l’influence occidentale : Le développement du « Secteur Nord » de Pera entre 1856 et 1922 / The Ottoman Urban Ideals under the occidental influences : The Development of the “Northern Sector” of Pera between 1856 and 1922Aktuna, Zeynep 12 June 2014 (has links)
L'étude se focalise sur une période caractéristique de la fin de l'empire ottoman alors que l'administration urbaine était sujette à un processus de transformation d'une approche "traditionnelle" à une approche "moderne". De façon similaire, cette thèse se concentre sur une zone spécifique d'Istanbul marquée par l'étalement urbain de Pera, la partie occidentale de la ville. Le développement du "Secteur Nord de Pera" reposerait en grande partie sur l'évolution de l'administration urbaine qui a progressivement été mise en place autour d'une règlementation codifiée de l'ère Tanzimat. Comment l'étude de l'étalement urbain de Pera, en grande partie inhabité au milieu du 19ième siècle, révèlerait donc la matérialisation des "idéaux urbains" de l'État ottoman disposé à construire un système moderne d'administration urbaine et ce sous l'influence des minorités étrangère et non-musulmane toujours plus actives au sein de la vie socio-économique de la ville. Dans ce cadre, cette étude se concentre sur l'émergence et le développement du "Secteur Nord de Pera", à travers une analyse morphologique, en espérant clarifier les traits caractéristiques de la modernisation urbaine ottomane à travers ce domaine d'intérêt très spécifique. / This study concentrates on a distinctive period of the late ottoman era during which the urban administration was subject to a transformation process from a "traditional" approach into a "modern" one. Similarly, this thesis focuses on a distinctive zone of Istanbul representing the urban extension of Pera, the occidental part of the city. The development of "the Northern Sector of Pera" is expected to owe much to the evolution of the urban administration which was gradually being shaped around the codified regulations of the Tanzimat era. How then the study of the urban extension of Pera, largely uninhabited by the middle of the 19th century, would reflect the materialization of the "urban ideals" of the ottoman state who was willing to construct a modern system of urban administration and who was, doing this, under the influence of foreign and non-Muslim populations which were becoming more and more active on the socio-economic life of the city. In this framework, this study focuses on the emergence and development of "the Northern Sector of Pera" through a morphological analysis by hoping to shed light on the distinctive features of the ottoman urban modernization by this very specific field of interest.
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A framework for creating observable web servicesZaccheus, Stan-Erik January 2015 (has links)
In the intelligence community, intelligence is defined as the right information to the right party at the right time. This definition also applies to business intelligence used by government and financial institutions, patient information used by healthcare providers and meteorological and geological reports provided by research institutions and environmental agencies. Modern software development has to tackle the problems associated with building large and complex distributed systems that have to deliver business value in a reliable and timely fashion; even the best prediction has no value if it is delivered after the fact. It is imperative that the producers in a larger system are responsible for publishing their output to minimize the lead-time for consumers. Using regular web services, the consumer can only check for new data by polling the producer. In a system with many consumers, resources are wasted handling these status requests. Instead of the client interacting with service provider, the client should be reacting to it. The reactive programming model supports building systems with these properties. On the .NET platform, the Reactive Extensions library provides functionality for creating reactive applications by composing functions that operate on asynchronous event streams. The library provides powerful tools for building reactive programs, unfortunately it does not contain an abstraction for inter-process event streams that is needed for building distributed reactive systems. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a framework for creating and using observable web services as a means to bridge the inter-process gap that exist when building a system using Reactive Extensions. The solution is based on a conceptual modeled created by extending the web service architecture. The solution is implemented as a framework made up by two parts; a service component used for creating observable web services and client component that connects to an observable web service and generates code used for subscribing to events exposed by that service. The client subscription functionality integrates with Reactive Extensions, making it possible to build reactive and distributed systems. Integration tests are used to verify that the implementation fulfils the requirements specified for the conceptual model. / I underrättelsevärlden definieras en underrättelse som väsentlig information förmedlad till rätt instans vid rätt tidpunkt. Samma definition gäller för omvärldsanalys som används av regeringar och finansinstitut, patientinformation som används av vårdaktörer och metrologiska och geologiska rapporter som tillhandahålls av forskningsinstitut och miljöorganisationer. Modern mjukvaruutveckling måste lösa problem associerade med att bygga stora, komplexa och distribuerade system som på ett tillförlitligt sätt ska leverera företagsnytta i rätt tid; även den bästa förutsägelsen är utan värde om den levereras för sent. Det är absolut nödvändigt producenter i ett större system ansvarar för att publicera sitt data så att konsumenter kan agera med så lite ledtid som möjligt. Vid användande av vanliga webtjänster måste klienten aktivt fråga om ny data finns tillgänglig. I ett system med många användare slösas resurser på att hantera statusefterfrågningar. Istället för att klienten interagerar interaktivt med tjänsten, borde den istället reagera reaktivt. Med den reaktiva programmeringsmodellen stöds systemkonstruktion med dessa egenskaper. På .NET-plattformen tillhandahåller kodbiblioteket Reactive Extensions funktionalitet för att skapa reaktiva applikationer genom skapandet av funktioner som arbetar med asynkrona händelseströmmar. Biblioteket tillhandahåller kraftfulla verktyg för utformningen av reaktiva program, dock innehåller den inte en abstraktion för arbete med händelseströmmar som rör sig mellan olika processer, en nödvändighet för skapandet av distribuerade reaktiva system. Denna uppsats presenterar den bakomliggande designen och implementationen av ett ramverk för skapandet och användandet av observerbara webtjänster vars syfte är att brygga händelseströmmar mellan olika processer. Lösningen är baserad på en konceptuell modell som bygger på arkitekturen för webbtjänster. Den är implementerad som ett ramverk som består av två delar; en tjänstekomponent som används för att skapa observerbara webbtjänster och klientkomponent som ansluter till en observerbar webbtjänst och genererar kod som används för att prenumerera på händelser som exponeras av denna tjänst. Prenumerationsfunktionaliteten är skapad för att fungera med Reactive Extensions och gör det möjligt att bygga reaktiva och distribuerade system. Integrationstest används för att kontrollera att ramverket uppfyller de krav som anges för den konceptuella modellen.
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Invariants d’Iwasawa dans les extensions de Lie p-adiques des corps de nombres / Iwasawa invariants in p-adic Lie extensions of number fielsPerbet, Guillaume 06 December 2011 (has links)
Le but de cette thèse est l'étude des invariants d'Iwasawa attachés aux p-groupes des classes généralisés dans les extensions de Lie p-adiques de corps de nombres.Ces invariants ont été introduits par Iwasawa pour les Zp-extensions. Les travaux de Venjakob sur la structure des modules sur l'algèbre d'Iwasawa d'un groupe de Lie p-adique ont permis d'en généraliser la définition à la théorie non-commutative. Par des techniques de descente et une étude algébrique fine de la structure des modules d'Iwasawa sur un groupe non-commutatif, on dégage des formules asymptotiques pour les p-groupes des classes généralisés le long d'une extension de corps de nombres de groupe de Galois p-valué. Ces formules ont pour paramètres les invariants d'Iwasawa de l'extension. Elles sont rendues plus précises dans le cas des Zp-extensions, où on remarque qu'un défaut de descente doit être pris en compte et est d'impact non négligeable sur le résultat final. Ces résultats asymptotiques sont ensuite exploités à l'aide de la théorie du miroir. Ceci conduit à des formules de dualité entre ramification et décomposition concernant les invariants d'Iwasawa / This thesis aim at exploring Iwasawa invariants attached to generalized p-class groups in p-adic Lie extensions of number fields. These invariants where introduced by Iwasawa for Zp-extensions. In his work on the structure of modules over the Iwasawa algebra of a p-adic Lie group, Venjakob extends the definition to the non commutative theory. Using descent techniques, along with a fine algebraic study of Iwasawa's modules structure over a non commutative group, we obtain asymptotic formulas for generalized p-class groups in a tower of number fields, with a p-valued group as Galois group. These formulas have Iwasawa invariants as parameters. They become more precise for Zp-extensions, where a significant descent default is involved. These asymptotic results are exploited thanks to reflexion theory. This leads to duality formulas between ramification and decomposition for Iwasawa invariants
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Lyxkonsumtion ur Generation Y:s perspektiv : En studie kring attityder, värderingar och varumärkesuppfattningar / Luxury consumption from Generation Y’s perspective : A study in attitudes, values and brand perceptionsHagesund, Emelie, Kapic, Arijana January 2014 (has links)
Intresset för lyxprodukter har ökat runt om i världen vilket också blivit allt mer framträdande i Sverige. Marknaden för lyxprodukter har de senaste åren förändrats och banat väg för en ny kategori av lyx tillgänglig för en globalt växande medelklass. Den nya kategorin benämns ofta som new luxury vilket innebär en åtkomlig kategori av statusgivande produkter som är lägre i pris än de traditionella lyxprodukterna. Allt fler lyxföretag väljer att expandera för att kunna nå en bredare kundbas och tillämpar därför produktlinjeutvidgning eller varumärkesutvidgning. En alltför omfattande expandering kan dock innebära risker eftersom den uppfattade exklusiviteten hos ett lyxföretag kan gå förlorad. Många underlinjer riktar sig mot en yngre kundbas och Generation Y har visat sig vara en fördelaktig målgrupp att rikta sig mot på lyxmarknaden.Denna studie har som syfte att bidra med teoretisk kunskap kring vilka lyxprodukter svenska kvinnor av Generation Y konsumerar och vilka attityder och värderingar de har kring lyxkonsumtion och lyxvarumärken inom kategorierna traditionell lyx och new luxury. Det tycks finnas en brist på forskning i Sverige som behandlar kopplingen mellan Generation Y och lyxkonsumtion, varvid denna studie fyller en viktig kunskapslucka. Åtta semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med kvinnor i åldrarna 20-26 som är konsumenter av lyxprodukter. Resultaten visar att svenska kvinnor av Generation Y främst konsumerar lyxprodukter i form av accessoarer och framförallt handväskor. Det framgår även att överexponering av ett lyxvarumärke frammanar negativa attityder och att de lätt tröttnar på det om de ser det för ofta och om det används av personer utanför deras referensgrupp. Utifrån kategoriseringen av traditionell lyx och new luxury kan vi se att svenska kvinnor av Generation Y är medvetna om skillnaderna mellan kategorierna. Dock gjorde de inte någon medveten skillnad mellan underlinjer och modervarumärken vilket innebär att dessa delar samma image och kvalitetsuppfattning hos svenska kvinnor av Generation Y.
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Algebraic approach to modal extensions of Łukasiewicz logics / Approche algébrique d'extensions modales des logiques de ŁukasiewiczTeheux, Bruno 16 February 2009 (has links)
This dissertation is focused on an algebraic approach of some many-valued generalizations of modal logics. The starting point is the definition of the [0,1]-valued and the Ł_n-valued Kripke models, where [0,1] denotes the well known MV-algebra and Ł_n its finite subalgebra {0, 1/n, ... , (n-1)/n,1} for any positive integer n.
Two types of structures are used to define validity of formulas: the class of L-frames and the class of Ł_n-valued L-frames. The latter structures are L-frames in which we specify in each world u the set Ł_m (where m is a divisor of n) of the possible truth values of the formulas in u.
These two classes of structures define two distinct notions of validity. We use these notions to study the problem of definability of classes of structures with modal formulas. We obtain for these two classes an equivalent of the Goldblatt-Thomason theorem.
We are able to consider completeness problems with respect to these relational semantics thanks to the connections between relational and algebraic semantics. Our strongest results are about Ł_n-valued logics. We are indeed able to apply and develop algebraic tools (namely, canonical and strong canonical extensions) that allow to generate complete Ł_n-valued logics.
/
Nous consacrons cette dissertation à une étude algébrique de certaines généralisations multivaluées des logiques modales. Notre point de départ est la définition des modèle de Kripke [0,1]-valués et Ł_n-valués, où [0,1] désigne la MV-algèbre bien connue et Ł_n sa sous-algèbre {0, 1/n, ... , (n-1)/n,1} pour tout naturel non nul n.
Nous utilisons deux types de structures pour définir une relation de validité: la classe des L-structures et celles des L-structures Ł_n-valuées. Ces dernières sont des L-structures dans lesquelles nous précisons pour chaque monde u l'ensemble Ł_m (où m est un diviseur de n) des valeurs de vérité que les formules sont autorisées à prendre en u.
Ces deux classes de structures définissent deux notions distinctes de validité. Nous les utilisons pour étudier le problème de la définissabilité des classes de structures à l'aide du langage modal. Nous obtenons dans les deux cas l'équivalent du théorème de Goldblatt-Thomason.
Nous considérons aussi les problèmes de complétude vis-à-vis de ces sémantiques relationnelles à l'aide des liens qui les lient à la sémantique algébrique. Les résultats les plus forts que nous obtenons concernent les logiques modales Ł_n-valuées. En effet, dans ce cas, nous pouvons appliquer et développer des outils algébriques (à savoir, les extensions canoniques et les extensions canoniques fortes) qui permettent de générer des logiques complètes.
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Sur quelques aspects des extensions à ramification restreinte / On some aspects of extensions with restricted ramificationRougnant, Marine 16 April 2018 (has links)
Soit p un nombre premier, soit K/k une extension galoisienne finie de corps de nombres de degré premier à p et soit S un ensemble fini de premiers de k. Le groupe de Galois G(K,S) de la pro-p extension maximale de K non ramifiée en dehors de S est l'objet central de ce mémoire.On se place dans un premier temps dans le cas modéré : on suppose que S ne contient pas les places divisant p. Les travaux combinés de Labute, Minac et Schmidt sur les pro-p groupes mild ont permis d'exhiber les premiers exemples de groupes G(K,S) de dimension cohomologique 2. En implémentant un corollaire de leur critère dans le logiciel PARI/GP, on observe un phénomène de propagation : si k=Q et si le groupe G(Q,S) est mild, un fort pourcentage des groupes G(K,S) l'est également, pour K quadratique imaginaire. En associant au groupe G(K,S) deux graphes orientés dont les arcs sont définis par la ramification dans des extensions p-élémentaires, on démontre un critère théorique pour que ce phénomène de propagation ait lieu.On considère ensuite le cas sauvage : toutes les places au-dessus de p sont contenues dans S. Le groupe de Galois Δ:=Gal(K/k) agit sur G(K,S) ; on note G le plus grand quotient de G(K,S) sur lequel Δ agit trivialement et H le sous-groupe fermé de G(K,S) correspondant. Maire a étudié la liberté du Zp[[G]]-module H^{ab}. Nous poussons plus loin ses résultats en considérant les φ-composantes de H^{ab} sous l'action de Δ. Sous de bonnes hypothèses et sous la conjecture de Leopoldt, on démontre une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour que les φ-composantes soient libres ou non. La théorie du corps de classes permet de ramener cette condition à l'étude du régulateur normalisé, et donc à la p-rationalité du corps K. Les expérimentations faites sur PARI/GP dans des familles d'extensions cubiques cycliques, diédrales et cycliques de degré 4 du corps des rationnels corroborent une conjecture de Gras selon laquelle tout corps de nombres est p-rationnel pour p suffisant grand. / Let p be a prime number, let K/k be a Galois extension of number fields and let S be a finite set of primes of K. We suppose that the degree of K/k is finite and coprime to p. We denote by G(K,S) the Galois group of the pro-p maximal extension of K unramified outside S. We focus on this thesis on two differents aspects of this pro-p group.We are first interested in the tame case : we suppose that S does not contain any place above p. The works of Labute, Minac and Schmidt about mild pro-p groups brought the first examples of groups G(K,S) of cohomological dimension two. Using a corollary of their criterium, we compute some examples with PARI/GP and we observe a propagation phenomenum : if we take K=Q and if we suppose that G(Q,S) is mild, a large part of the pro-p groups G(K,S) with K imaginary quadratic are mild too. We then associate two oriented graphs to G(K,S) and we show a theoretical criterium proving mildness of some imaginary quadratic fields.We then consider the wild case where all the places dividing p belong to S. The Galois group Δ:=Gal(K/k) acts on G(K,S). The action of Δ is trivial on some quotients of G(K,S) ; we denote by G the maximal one and by H the corresponding closed subgroup of G(K,S). Maire has studied the Zp[[G]]-freeness of the module H^{ab}. We extend his results considering the φ-component of H^{ab} under the action of Δ. In a favourable context and under Leopoldt's conjecture, we show a necessary and sufficient condition for the freeness of the φ-components. This condition is connected to p-rational fields by class field theory. We present experiments with PARI/GP in some families of cubic cyclic, dihedral and quartic cyclic extensions of Q which support the following conjecture from Gras : every number field is p-rational for sufficiently large p.
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