Previous studies on the typical Icelandic external wall have shown thatcondensation occurs at the interior surface of the concrete and field inspectionshave supported this conclusion. The primary objective ofthis study is to analyse the hygrothermal behaviour of the typical Icelandicwall and evaluate the mould risk at the interior surface of theconcrete.A comparative study is performed to compare the hygrothermalperformance and mould growth risk of two concrete outer wall structureswith interior and exterior insulation, by performing a parametricstudy using the simulation program WUFI® Pro.Additional parametric studies are performed in order to analyse theeffect of various material properties of the Icelandic building materialson the hygrothermal behaviour of the wall. This part also utilizedWUFI® Pro.To investigate the thermal bridge of the Icelandic wall, simulationswere conducted with the COMSOL Multiphysics software to evaluatethe linear thermal bridge and the risk of condensation at the joint.Lastly, an experiment was set up at the Innovation Center Iceland tomodel the interior insulated wall-slab section. The experimental setupwas completed during this time but the results will be analysedfurther after the thesis work.The results from this study indicate that the typical Icelandic wall ismore sensitive to rain than to interior moisture load and that no condensationoccurs within the wall structure. As concrete is inorganic,the risk of mould growth in the wall structure is limited, however,with increased driving rain load the mould risk increases. The resultsalso revealed that the moisture content of the interior insulated wallwas a great deal higher compared to the exterior insulated wall. Furthermore,the humidity level at the interior surface of the concrete inthe interior insulated wall exceeded the recommended critical humiditylevel based on general suggestions. Finally, results indicated thatusing a more dense concrete resulted in higher relative humidity at theinterior surface but a lower total water content of the wall.

One purpose of this work was to examine if a modification of the exterior insulation finishing system can lower the number of outer walls damaged by damp. The modification is the cut of the cellular plastic which is 45 degrees instead of a horizontal cut. One other purpose was; is cellular plastic or mineral wool better as insulation to minimize the dampness in this type of outer walls? A third purpose was to examine if there is any difference of dampness in the outer walls if using a gravel bed or concrete stones next to the outer wall. To examine these three purposes a laboratory experiment with three test walls with an exterior insulation finishing system was built. The difference between the three walls was the insulation. One wall was built with mineral wool with a horizontal cut, one with cellular plastic with a horizontal cut and the third with cellular plastic with a cut of 45 degrees. Simulations of pelting rain and measurements of dampness were carried out for 21 days. The measurements were taken at the same time every evening. After 21 days small samples of tree from the walls was weight, dried in an oven and then weight again to get the quantity of moisture in the samples before they were dried. A diffusion calculation of two outer walls, one with cellular plastic and one with mineral wool, was completed to examine the difference between the relative humidity in the walls. An identical calculation without a plastic film was executed too. The result of the calculations showed a minimal difference in the walls built with a plastic film. When the film was removed the result presented critical values. The result of the laboratory experiment indicates that the test wall with the cut of 45 degrees is better than the walls with a horizontal cut of the insulation. The differences were minimal but possible to read. Some critical, too high, values regarding the moisture content in wood were found and they came from the sills in the walls that had insulation with horizontal cuts. Of the two insulation types the result of calculations and laboratory experiment shows a minimal difference but they both indicates a better result for the mineral wool. The conclusion of this work indicates that cellular plastic with a 45 degree cut is slightly better than the horizontal cut. The comparison of cellular plastic and mineral wool indicates that the mineral wool is better. Another conclusion of this work is that the material on the ground next to the outer wall did not alter the dampness in the wall.

En France, le secteur du bâtiment est le plus grand consommateur d'énergie et représente environ 43% de la consommation totale d'énergie. L'isolation thermique dans le bâtiment est nécessaire afin d'améliorer son efficacité énergétique. Dans certains pays dont la France, la rénovation des bâtiments occupe une place essentielle dans la stratégie de transition énergétique. La stratégie mise en place consiste donc à renforcer l'isolation thermique des enveloppes de bâtiment et ceci en perdant le moins de surface habitable possible. Ceci justifie le fait de développer et de mettre en œuvre à l'avenir des matériaux super isolants comme les aérogels. Les objectifs de cette étude sont d'examiner le comportement thermique des bâtiments et d'étudier l'amélioration possible de leur efficacité énergétique en utilisant un nouvel enduit isolant à base d'aérogels de silice et ainsi que l'énergie solaire. Tout d'abord, la performance thermique et hygrothermique des murs extérieurs est étudiée afin de trouver la meilleure structure de ces murs. Deuxièmement, nous étudions l'évolution du confort thermique et du comportement énergétique des maisons en adoptant le nouvel enduit isolant comme isolation extérieure. Cette évolution a aussi été représentée par un modèle mathématique. On a comparé les résultats obtenus à l'aide de ces modèles avec les mesures expérimentales faites sur une maison récemment construite. Enfin, le potentiel de réduction de la charge de chauffage en adoptant un système actif dans la paroi est analysé. Ce système est proposé pour capter une partie de l'énergie solaire qui tombe sur la façade sud et qui est disponible pendant les journées non nuageuses en hiver, et la transférer vers la façade nord par l'intermédiaire de canalisations d'eau intégrées dans l'enduit isolant objet de l'étude. / In France, the building sector is the largest consumer of energy and accounts for about 43% of the total energy consumption. The building sector offers significant potential for improved energy efficiency through the use of high-performance insulation and energy-efficient systems. For existing buildings, renovation has a high priority in France because these buildings represent a high proportion of energy consumption and they will be present for decades to come. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the so-called super-insulating materials, such as Aerogels. The objectives of this study are to examine the thermal behavior of buildings and to foster energy efficiency through the use of a newly developed aerogel-based insulating coating as well as the use of renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy. Firstly, the thermal and hygrothermal performance of exterior walls having different layer composition structures are examined. Secondly, the heating energy demand as well as the risk of summer overheating is examined for different construction periods and under different climates. Also, a mathematical model is built and compared to experimental measurement of a recently built full-scale house. Finally, the potential to decrease the heating load by adopting a closed wall loop system is scrutinized. The latter is a proposed system to capture some of the solar energy falling on the south facade available during non-cloudy winter days and transfer it to the north facade through water pipes embedded in the aerogel-based coating.

This thesis describes the design and processing of project documentation multifunctional house. The multifunctional building is located in the central part of the city of Brno, in the district of Štýřice. This is a five-storey, basementless building with a flat roof on two levels. The building is based on foundations made of plain concrete. Supporting, peripheral and partition walls are designed from ceramic blocks POROTHERM. Ceiling construction is designed to be assembled of ceramic ceiling fittings MIAKO stored on POT beams. External walls of all floors are insulated using an external ETICS with thermal insulation made of mineral wool, which is replaced by XPS polystyrene used for plinth. Part of the facade is designed as ventilated, consisting of trusses of wood and sheathed by cladding panels CEMBRIT METRO. This architecturally divide the building into separate units. The building includes parts of the administrative, residential parts and parts for business purposes. On the first floor there are areas of common storage area of the apartment house, the main utility room, utility room. Furthermore, there is an administrative part, where are the reception facilities for reception, sanitary facilities for employees and office work. Part of the first floor is also a small shop with warehouse and facilities for employees. The second floor is a residential unit and the second part of the administrative unit. Third to the fifth floor is only residential and there are 6 residential units. All floors are connected by staircase and a wheelchair lift. In front of the building is designed parking lot for 20 cars. One of the parking space is wheelchair accessible.

The diploma thesis solves a theater with a cafe in the town of Humpolec in the Vysočina Region. It contains complete documentation for execution, assessment in terms of fire safety and in terms of building physics. Furthermore, the proposal ventilation for cinema, foyer and cafe. There is a cinema and a cafe, which is located on the second floor. Cinema is designed with a capacity of 196 seats, of which 5 seats are reserved for people with limited mobility. Screening is provided as 2D mode and 3D projection. The café is designed for moviegoers and the general public. The café seats 36 seats. The building is designed as a two storey with dissected floor plan with rounded shapes with no sharp edges with a protruding portion of the roof of cinema, which is located on the north side of the building and has the function division of the building into individual units. The building has dimensions of 39.15 meters x 29.45 meters. The supporting structure of the building consists of reinforced concrete reinforced walls and ceilings. In the southern part of the building with rooms Foyer café is designed glass facade of the LOP. Supporting roof structure over the cinema hall is made up of wooden trusses joined punched punched plates.

This diploma thesis describes the design and processing of project documentation pension. The proposed facility is located in the village of Železná Ruda- Pamferova Hut. The site is widely used by tourists in winter and summer. This is partly basement building, which has 2 storeys and an attic. The roof is designed as a gabled dormer with a flat roof. The building is based on the footings of plain concrete and under the reinforced concrete pillars are designed shoe. Supporting, peripheral and partition walls are designed from sand-lime bricks SENDWIX. An exception is peripheral walls of the basement, which is in contact with soil, which is designed as a lost formwork. In the dining area, which has an open reinforced concrete columns. Ceiling structure will consist of prestressed ceiling panels SPIROLL. Perimeter walls are insulated using external thermal insulation composite system using insulation from stone wool. The building is functionally divided into three main parts with a common main entrance. The first part is a restaurant with a kitchen, storage and kitchen facilities. This section is designed restaurants with a total capacity of 26 persons, the capacity will be in the summer to expand the possible capacity of the terrace, which belongs to the dining room. It is also proposed sanitary facilities for visitors to the restaurant, kitchen with storage and facilities for staff. The second part is the wellness center, which consists of a gym and rooms with infrared sauna and whirlpool. This section is designed sanitary facilities for visitors separated for men and women. The last part of the pension, which used to accommodate 30 people and the background of the pension. Backgrounds pension means any technical equipment room, storage room for bikes and skis, and not least the individual room house, which also includes a room for personal hygiene. This thesis was created with an emphasis on a correct layout and architectural design, static requirements an