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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Great expectations: corporate social responsibility and the extractive industries

Snodgrass, Mary Beth 2009 August 1900 (has links)
Exploring two hotly contested issues, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the extractive industries, this report will demonstrate to a general reading audience the necessity of CSR as a business practice. The report finds that, given pressures from globalization and stakeholders, CSR is no longer an optional practice in the extractive industries but a business imperative. In general, why is CSR an important practice for businesses to adopt? In the extractive industries, what distinguishing CSR issues do they face, and how is CSR being propelled forwards in these industries? This report explores these questions and offers recommendations for policymakers and extractive companies on how to ensure CSR is implemented in a way that meets society’s great expectations. / text
2

The politics of indigenous self-determination : extractive industries, state policies and territorial rights in the Peruvian Amazon

Merino Acuña, Roger January 2015 (has links)
This thesis offers an investigation of the indigenous politics of self-determination in the Peruvian Amazon. The starting point of the analysis is the ‘Baguazo’, a massive indigenous protest (June 2009) against governmental laws that favoured extractive industries within indigenous territories. Studies of indigenous peoples’ opposition to extractive industries in Peru have tended to focus on the economic, political or social aspects as if these were discrete dimensions of the conflict. This thesis aims to contribute with an integral and systematic understanding of indigenous resistance to extractive industries through a case study analysis and a multidisciplinary theoretical proposal. The thesis contains 9 chapters: introduction (Chapter 1); theoretical framework (Chapters 2, 3 and 4); methodology (Chapter 5); case study analysis and discussion (Chapters 6, 7, and 8); and conclusion (Chapter 9). The theoretical chapters explain how liberal legality recognises indigenous peoples as ethnic minorities with property entitlements, while self-determination goes a step further to recognise indigenous peoples as ‘nations’ with ‘territorial rights’. The case study chapters explore the struggle of the Awajun indigenous people for self-determination and examine the legal and political consequences of the Baguazo as well as the re-emergence of indigenous politics in Peru. The main argument provided in this thesis is that indigenous territorial defence against extractive industries expresses a politics of self-determination that confronts coloniality as the foundation of the extractive governance. Coloniality denotes that, even though colonial rule ended in formal political terms, power remains distributed according to colonial ontology and epistemology. Consequently, social and economic relationships regarding indigenous peoples still respond to an inclusion/exclusion paradox: indigenous peoples are either excluded from liberal capitalism or included into it under conditions that deny indigenous peoples’ principles. Thus, the struggle for self-determination locates many indigenous people beyond the inclusion/exclusion dialectic and promotes an extension of ‘the political’ with the aim of reconfiguring the state-form and its political economy.
3

Beyond Conflict and Conciliation : The Implications of different forms of Corporate-Community Relations in the Peruvian Mining Industry

Gustafsson, Maria-Therese January 2015 (has links)
In Peru, the rapid expansion of extractive activities has led to increased mobilization by peasant communities. In remote rural areas, the mediating efforts of the state between communities and corporations are often weak, and corporations have played an important role in dealing with communities’ demands and protests through different strategies. These processes are illustrative of a broader trend in which private corporations engage in governance processes by assuming state-like functions in relation to citizens. This study investigates how communities’ mobilization and scope of influence is affected by their interactions with corporations. Based on interviews and written primary sources, the study provides a detailed empirical account of the multifaceted relations and negotiations between corporations and communities in the context of two macro-economically significant Peruvian mining projects – Rio Blanco and Las Bambas. In this way, the study contributes to the empirical and theoretical debates on the political role of corporations and the implications for social movements and democratic influence. The study shows that the presence of private corporations alters the conditions for mobilization by creating opportunities as well as constraints, with significant impact on mobilization structures and framing of demands. However, communities relate to those opportunities and constraints differently, depending on how state-society relations and other forms of private dynamics have played out historically at the subnational level.
4

'Good governance' of the extractive resources sector : a critical analysis

Dietsche, Evelyn January 2014 (has links)
This doctoral thesis presents a critical analysis of the global debate on the ‘good governance’ of the extractive resources sectors. Its starting point is that over the past decade this debate has seen a remarkable elevation, while at the same time the governance concept itself has been subjected to critique. To understand how the sector-focused ‘good governance’ agenda compares against this critique, the thesis uses a conceptual framework that identifies the different uses of this concept. Against this background, it reviews the main scholarly debates on the opportunities and challenges of countries producing extractive resources and identifies four critical questions, which it then sets out to answer. The main argument is that the global debate on the ‘good governance’ of the extractive resources sectors has been built on the widely endorsed conclusion that ‘good institutions’ make for better outcomes and that therefore producer countries need to improve their sector institutions. However, this seemingly obvious conclusion has ignored the complexity and confusion around ‘governance’ and ‘institutions’ that prevails across the broader social science literature. This argument is based on the answers the thesis provides to four critical questions: what are institutions; how do institutions change; how are they enforced; and do existing institutions matter for the design of interventions aimed at improving institutions. The thesis lays open that the policy conclusions of the global debate are premised on the dominance of a particular reference point paired with a particular methodology where the emphasis has been on, first, identifying the types of institutions that have apparently led to desired results, and then to promote these as a means to steer towards these results. It concludes that this focus has premised the global agenda on a false sense of clarity on what producer countries ought to be improving.
5

Mineral Resource Governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Strategies for Development and Poverty Alleviation

Andrade, Gabriela Giselle 01 January 2012 (has links)
Today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ranks extremely low in terms of development indicators even by regional standards. Poverty in the country is exacerbated by the DRC's long-embedded culture of political rent-seeking and corruption, which has historically shaped the government's involvement in the mining sector. By the 1990s, the government's mismanagement of the industrial mining sector led to its decreased productivity and near decline. At the same time, the artisanal mining sector has expanded, and now employs a large amount of the country’s poor. However, many issues remain related to the legal structure governing the artisanal mining sector and opportunities for artisanal miners to sell their products. This thesis explores the potential for transforming mining practices and market structures in the DRC to better promote development and poverty alleviation.
6

Towards the adoption of the extractive industries transparency code and the implications for transparency in Malawi's mining sector

Chawani, Cynthia January 2014 (has links)
Since time immemorial extractive industries have been shrouded in secrecy worldwide. This stemmed countries with high levels of corruption and weak administrative systems and vulnerable regulatory frameworks to seldom develop or economically grow from extractive industries revenues. This has led to the identification of transparency as being the evasive factor worldwide to help attract more investments, avoid the resource curse and curb corruption. Malawi is no exception to this trend and has one of the lowly performing and very obscure mining sectors. That though Transparency is a fundamental principle of the Constitution of Malawi; it is not reflected in the Mining laws of Malawi which were enacted before the Constitution. The secrecy that hovers over the activities of the mining sector has provoked various stakeholders to demand their inclusion in the processes of concluding contracts due to lack of visible benefits from existing investments. To avoid difficult forums of stakeholders gathering to make a decision on intended investments to be made, there has been a call to make the mining industry more transparent. This entails the introduction of public scrutiny post-contract making which remains the discretion of the Minister. Attempts to introduce transparency have led to the introduction of Transparency initiatives whose main objective is to ensure transparency is evident in extractive industries such as mining. Malawi is currently deciding whether to adopt one such initiative called the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. It is a strong advocate for transparency in extractive sector which is voluntary in nature and mandates the disclosure of revenues collected by government and the companies to report the amounts paid to government. Adoption of EITI is pegged to immensely improve the mining sector through increased FDI inflow. This dissertation argued for Malawi to adopt EITI because it found that the Malawian mining sector is governed by ancient laws which are silent on transparency principles. This thesis found that EITI though is a stepping stone for Malawi, it lacks several crucial factors in its scope and the thesis highlights several shortfalls of the initiative. EITI implores revenue transparency over other forms of transparency. And this research found that Malawi needs contract transparency more than revenue transparency because Malawi’s mining sector is contract-based rather than legislative-based thereby recommending Malawi include contract transparency to the standard EITI scope. It was further concluded that Malawi emulates Liberia by extending their scope to include other extractive sectors like agriculture besides the classified Oil, Gas and Mining. This thesis spurred a debate as to enforcement and compliance of EITI. It was discovered that Malawi is already a member to various international instruments that advocate the transparent means of administering the extractive sector but sadly these are not fully implemented in the mining sector. This is attributable to the fact that Malawi’s laws stipulate that newly adopted international laws or standards do not have binding force until converted into domestic legislation. Consequently, since EITI is termed ‘soft law’ because it lacks enforcement, this study concluded that Malawi needs to enact a domestic law to ensure enforcement. This was drawn from the comparable analysis of Nigeria and Liberia who have enacted EITI legislation to ensure effective implementation. It was drawn from this analysis the need to enact legislation codifying EITI in order to ensure compliance and as a form of enforcement. With the idea of introducing a new EITI law, this thesis found that EITI if adopted will be aligned to Malawi’s international obligations but its principles contrary to domestic laws. This study, nevertheless, concluded these inconsistencies can be ironed by explicitly stating in the EITI code that it is an exception to the general laws such as tax laws which prohibit disclosure of taxes paid to third parties. Based on these findings, this dissertation recommends the improvement of transparency in the mining sector through the adoption of EITI. That Malawi should codify it into domestic legislation to convert its voluntary element into mandatory. That this new law should expressly state EITI as an exception to existing laws which it is inconsistent with. It further recommends Malawi includes agriculture to the standard EITI scope as the administration of which could also help boost the economy of which it heavily contributes to. It also recommends the amendment of the mining laws to reflect transparency principles stipulated in the superior law of the land the constitution, international instruments and core principle of EITI. It points out the importance of government to involve existing extractive companies as the adoption of EITI directly impacts them and therefore consultation is vital. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2015 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM / Unrestricted
7

La "transparence", une norme et ses nouvelles pratiques transnationales : l’exemple de l’Initiative pour la Transparence dans l’Industrie Extractive / "Transparency", a norm and its new transnational practices : the example of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

Klein, Asmara 06 December 2013 (has links)
En 2002, l’Initiative pour la transparence dans l’industrie extractive (ITIE) est lancée par le Premier Ministre britannique en réponse à la campagne Publiez ce que vous payez (PCQVP). Celle-ci avait participé à la mise sur agenda de la malédiction des ressources, un ensemble de maux économiques et socio-politiques qui pèsent sur de nombreux Etats riches en ressources naturelles. L'ITIE reprend l’une des préconisations de PCQVP, à savoir l’injonction à la transparence : la publication des revenus pétroliers, gaziers ou miniers permettrait aux citoyens de demander des comptes à leurs dirigeants pour la gestion de la manne générée par l’extraction de matières premières. L’exercice de transparence de l’ITIE, à laquelle les états riches en ressources naturelles adhèrent librement, consiste à réconcilier les paiements déclarés par les entreprises extractives d’une part et les recettes déclarées par l’Etat d’autre part. Il s’appuie par ailleurs sur une gouvernance tripartite inédite dans l’industrie extractive : organisations de la société civile, compagnies extractives et gouvernements négocient ensemble pour déterminer les exigences du standard ITIE. Comment des acteurs d’horizons divers sont-ils venus à partager cet intérêt commun et que peut nous apprendre ce consensus sur la notion de transparence et ses usages contemporains dans les politiques de coopération internationale ? Cette recherche raconte l’histoire d’une conquête normative, ses enjeux, ses acteurs, ses batailles afin de réfléchir – par le biais du renouvellement des attributs de légitimité de ceux qui concourent à définir la norme – à la refonte de l’autorité politique dans le système international. / The British Prime Minister launched the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2002 in response to the transnational Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP). The NGOs, which are member of the PWYP coalition, had been fighting the resource curse by advocating for more transparency in the extractive industries. They argued that empowering citizens of resource rich countries by informing them about the wealth generated by extraction would help insure that those extractive revenues were properly accounted for. The EITI took over this idea and gathered representatives from civil society organisations, extractive companies and governments to design a global standard which resource rich countries can voluntarily decide to comply with. the EITI standard is based on a reconciliation of payments declared by companies on the one hand and revenues declared by the state on the other. The reports that come out of this reconciliation process are then disseminated and can lead to a general public discussion about the way extractive rents are managed. What lead actors from different backgrounds, with often conflicting interests, to agree on a transparency norm and what can this consensus tell us about the notion of transparency and its present (and profuse) use in international development programmes ? This thesis investigates the reasons for the emergence of the transparency norm and its fast diffusion on the international scene in the last 10 to 15 years. It also looks at some of the concrete practices that resulted from this normative evolution, which contributes to a thinking about the renewal of political authority in the international system.
8

Trust, Regulation and Mining Corporations

Petrina Schiavi Unknown Date (has links)
The social and environmental impacts of mining, especially in the case of large mining developments, can be dramatic and irreversible. From a regulatory perspective, the impacts of mining present a range of challenges, at both global and local levels. In recent years, however, many large, globalised mining corporations have been attempting to demonstrate that they can be trusted to adequately address the potential social and environmental impacts of their activities. This has lead some mining corporations to engage in certain behaviours that may be further leveraged to help to steer them towards improved social and environmental outcomes. This research explores the reasons why some mining corporations want to be trusted, how they believe trust can be built, the kinds of activities they are undertaking in order to build trust, and the implications of this for regulation and governance. Sociological perspectives on trust are employed as a theoretical foundation to analyse the significance of trust to large mining corporations in the context of their social and environmental performance, and the consequences of this for corporate regulation. Using a qualitative methodology, data was collected through participant observation, relevant industry documentation, and interviews with mining executives, non-government organisations, regulators and other key players in the mining industry. This data provides an insight into the dynamics of trust, regulation and corporate behaviour from the perspective of the mining industry and its stakeholders. The research finds that trust does play a significant role in corporate behaviour, and in regulatory dynamics. Further, many corporate trust-building efforts were found to have resulted in some level of improved social and environmental performance, at least at the level of systems, procedures and corporate rhetoric. Such findings around corporate trust-building and resultant corporate behaviour have implications for regulatory strategy in that it helps to explain why and how corporate trustworthiness may be targeted by regulators in order to achieve improved regulatory outcomes. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on trust and regulation in the fields of sociology and regulatory studies, and has practical application in terms of regulatory strategy. It also offers a platform for further studies into how trust might be more effectively harnessed in terms of regulatory strategy in the mining industry and across other industry sectors.
9

Struggles Over Governance of Oil and Gas Projects in the Peruvian Amazon

Lu De Lama, Graciela 27 October 2016 (has links)
This dissertation examines the shifting and multi-scalar governance of oil and gas projects in Peruvian Amazon. Using cases studies of oil extraction in blocks 1AB (192), 8 in Loreto (2006 to 2015), and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for the expansion of the Camisea gas project in block 88 in Cusco, this dissertation explores how environmental decision-making processes of oil and gas projects are structured and enacted. In doing so, this study sheds light on the shifting interactions, negotiations, struggles and (at times) open conflicts between actors that define why, how and where hydrocarbon projects take place in the Amazon. Recognizing the variety of actors, I organize my analysis around government institutions, indigenous mobilizations, environmental assessments and the economic distribution of revenues from oil and gas projects. From my analysis I argue that resource extraction is changing substantially the relationship between the government and the indigenous peoples in the Peruvian Amazon. These changes involve profound changes in indigenous rights and the creation of new institutions and capacities in the state to address the social-environmental effects of extractive industries. The surge of social-environmental conflicts and the influence of international finance institutions have prompted the Peruvian government to reform the institutional framework regulating resource extraction. This reforms are taking place amid the globalization of indigenous rights, discourses, and laws (such as the Prior Consultation Law) granting special rights to indigenous peoples. However, power-knowledge asymmetries in the decision-making processes (such as the environmental assessments) tend to increase the sense of mistrust among the local populations, resulting in increasing social-environmental conflicts. In addition, the uneven distribution of benefits from resource extraction is creating regional disparities, increasing the dependency of some regions on resource extraction. An examination of the implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment process for the expansion of the Camisea project in block 88 exposes unresolved practices of representation and citizenship of the indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation. However, overall, Amazonian indigenous people’s struggles are shifting the traditional national, social, and political life. They are ethnic minorities and citizens struggling for their rights to participate in decision-making processes and in the distribution of economic benefits from extraction, both particularity and equality.
10

Venezuelan Oil and Political Instability : A Case Study of Venezuela and its Oil Dependency

Rindborg, Gabriel V. January 2018 (has links)
The natural resource curse is a widely debated phenomenon usually proposing a connection between large extractive resource wealth and substandard economic performance. This paper concerns the connection between large extractive resource wealth and the potential for its effects on long term political stability. Using Venezuela as a case study, this paper delves into the political history of Venezuela, plagued by endemic political instability, and attempts to test the political aspect of the resource curse, analysing history with a focus on the oil industry. The conclusion is that there is a clear connection between oil price volatility and political instability, but only evident starting in the latter half of the 20th -century. Further research into specific regimes, eras, as well as comparative analyses between Venezuela and other states is required to provide additional answers in regard to specific causes for political instability in the early 20th -century and the pre-oil period.

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