A group G is called an FC-group if the conjugacy class of every element is finite. G is called a minimal non-FC-group if G is not an FC-group, but every proper subgroup of G is an FC-group. The first part of this thesis is on minimal non-FC-groups and their finitary permutational representations. Belyaev proved in 1998 that, every perfect locally finite minimal non-FC-group has non-trivial finitary permutational representation. In Chapter 3, we write the proof of Belyaev in detail. Recall that a group G is called quasi-simple if G is perfect and G/Z(G) is simple. The second part of this thesis is on finite quasi-simple groups and their coprime automorphisms. In Chapter 4, the result of Parker and Quick is written in detail: Namely / if Q is a quasi-simple group and A is a non-trivial group of coprime automorphisms of Q satisfying |Q: C_{Q}(A)| &lt / n then |Q| &lt / n3, that is |Q| is bounded by a function of n.

El objetivo de la siguiente investigación fue analizar las demandas fisiológicas del hockey hierba de competición y del perfil funcional y condicional de jugadores de diferentes categorías. Un primer estudio se centró en la valoración cineantropométrica y funcional de jugadores de alto nivel nacional e internacional. En un segundo estudio se analizaron las demandas fisiológicas y energéticas del hockey, mediante la caracterización de la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), la lactatemia, el consumo de oxígeno ( O2) estimado y medido por telemetría y el gasto energético en partidos de competición oficial y amistosa. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo una valoración de la condición física de dos equipos de primera división y división de honor mediante pruebas genéricas (batería Eurofit). Los jugadores de nivel nacional e internacional estudiados (n= 31) pueden describirse como sujetos jóvenes ( = 22,7 años), de altura y peso medios ( = 175,5 cm; 72,3 kg), poco adiposos ( = 8,7 % de grasa corporal estimada) y musculados ( = 50,5 % de masa muscular estimada), con un somatotipo medio mesomófico equilibrado ( = 2,3 - 4,8 - 2,3). Su nivel de potencia aeróbica máxima fue elevado ( = 65,7 mL·kg-1·min-1), así como su nivel de resistencia aeróbica. No se observaron diferencias significativas en función de la demarcación táctica, ni, en términos generales, entre jugadores de distinta categoría. La frecuencia cardíaca media en partidos oficiales fue muy variable (99-199 lat·min-1; = 165 lat·min-1; s= 5,6), permaneciendo una media del 50 % del tiempo de juego por debajo del umbral aeróbico, un 43 % del tiempo en la zona de transición aeróbico-anaeróbica y sólo un 7,3 % por encima del umbral anaeróbico. Los valores de lactatemia en competición oficial se situaron entre 1,2 y 10,8 mmol·L-1 ( = 5,1 mmol·L-1; s= 1,5) confirmando la variabilidad de la intensidad del esfuerzo durante el juego y la discreta activación global del metabolismo anaeróbico láctico. El consumo de oxígeno medio estimado durante las partes de un partido de competición oficial de hockey hierba fue de 3,591 L·min-1, correspondiente a un consumo de oxígeno relativo de 48,5 mL·kg-1·min-1 (70,7 % del O2max individual). Dichos resultados nos llevan a considerar como muy relevante la contribución del metabolismo aeróbico en las competiciones de hockey hierba. El consumo de oxígeno medio -medido por telemetría- en partidos amistosos de entrenamiento resultó netamente inferior al estimado en competición oficial. La estimación del consumo de oxígeno en base a la relación entre frecuencia cardíaca y consumo de oxígeno (FC- O2) en la prueba de laboratorio, significo una sobreestimación mucho mayor (34 % sobre los valores reales) que la derivada de la estimación en base a los registros durante la propia actividad competitiva. El gasto energético medio global estimado durante los partidos de competición oficial fue de 1.345 kcal (5.628 kJ), y la potencia energética media estimada fue de 18,1 kcal·min-1 (75,7 kJ·min-1). Los valores medios de potencia energética en partidos amistosos de entrenamiento en base al consumo de oxígeno directo fueron inferiores a los estimados en competición oficial. Concluimos que la potencia energética requerida es similar o algo superior a la de otros deportes intermitentes. Las pruebas de condición física (batería Eurofit) no discriminaron entre jugadores de distinta demarcación táctica, pero si pusieron de manifiesto mejores resultados en los jugadores del equipo de superior categoría en las pruebas de potencia aeróbica, velocidad (30 y 50 m), resistencia y potencia muscular abdominal y potencia de piernas. Consideramos de gran interés el uso de los diferentes protocolos estudiados como instrumentos de control sistemático y longitudinal del entrenamiento en jugadores de hockey hierba. La homogeneidad en los resultados funcionales y condicionales obtenidos en las diferentes posiciones tácticas en jugadores de alto nivel nos induce a plantear la aplicación de sistemas homogéneos de entrenamiento físico.RESUM EN CATALÀ:L'objectiu d'aquesta investigació va ser analitzar les demandes fisiològiques de l'hoquei herba en competició i el perfil funcional i condicional dels jugadors de les diferents categories. Un primer estudi es va centrar en la valoració cineantropomètrica i funcional de jugadors d'alt nivell nacional i internacional. En un segon estudi es van analitzar les demandes fisiològiques i energètiques de l'hoquei, mitjançant la caracterització de la freqüència cardíaca (FC), la lactatèmia, el consum d'oxigen (O2) estimat i mesurat per telemetria, i la despesa energètica en partits de competició oficial i amistosa. Finalment, es va fer una valoració de la condició física de dos equips de primera divisió i divisió d'honor mitjançant proves genèriques (bateria Eurofit).Els jugadors de nivell nacional e internacional estudiats (n= 31) es poden descriure com individus joves, d'alçada i pes mitjà, poc adiposos i musculats ( = 50,5 % de massa muscular estimada), amb un somatotip mitjà mesomòrfic equilibrat. El seu nivell de potència aeròbica màxima va ser elevat ( = 65,7 mL·kg-1·min-1), així com el seu nivell de resistència aeròbica. La freqüència cardíaca mitjana en partits oficials va ser molt variable (99-199 bat·min-1; = 165 bat·min-1). Els valors de lactatèmia en competició oficial es van situar entre 1,2 i 10,8 mmol·L-1 ( =5,1 mmol·L-1). El consum d'oxigen mitjà estimat durant les parts d'un encontre de competició oficial d'hoquei herba va ser de 3,591 L·min-1, corresponent a un consum d'oxigen relatiu de 48,5 mL·kg-1·min-1. L'estimació del consum d'oxigen en base a la relació entre freqüència cardíaca i consum d'oxigen en la prova de laboratori, va significar una sobreestimació més gran (34 % sobre els valors reals) que la derivada de l'estimació en base als registres durant la pròpia activitat competitiva. La despesa energètica mitjana global estimada durant els partits de competició oficial va ser de 1.345 kcal, i la potència mitjana estimada va ser de 18,1 kcal·min-1 (75,7 kJ·min-1). Les proves de condició física (bateria Eurofit) no van discriminar entre jugadors de diferent demarcació tàctica, però sí que es van manifestar millors resultats en els jugadors de l'equip de categoria superior. / The objective of this investigation was to analyse the physiological demands of competitive field hockey, and the physiological and physical profile of competitors of different levels. A first study was focused on the kinanthropometrical and physiological evaluation of players of high national and international level. In a second study the physiological demands and energy requirements of field hockey were analysed, characterising the heart rate (HR) and blood lactate response, the oxygen uptake ( O2) both estimated and measured by telemetryand the energy expenditure during official competitions and friendly match playing. Finally, we carried out an evaluation of the physical fitness level of players belonging to two high level teams Spanish first division and "honour" division by means of fitness tests (Eurofit test battery).The national and international players studied (n=31) can be described as young subjects, of average height and weight ( =175.5 cm; 72.3 kg), lean ( = 8.7 % estimated body fat), muscular ( = 50.5 % of estimated muscle mass), with a balanced mesomorphic mean somatotype. Their maximal aerobic power was found to be high ( = 65.7 mL·kg-1·min-1), as was their aerobic endurance level. During official matches, the average heart rate varied within a wide range (99-199 beats·min-1; = 165 beats·min-1). Blood lactate concentration levels during official competition varied between 1.2 and 10.8 mmol·L-1 ( = 5.1 mmol·L-1). The estimated mean oxygen uptake during an official competitive match was 3.591 L·min-1,corresponding to a relative oxygen uptake of 48.5 mL·kg-1·min-1. The estimated oxygen uptake, based on the relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake in a laboratory test, meant a much greater overestimation (34 % above real values) than that derived from measurements during the actual competitive activity. The estimated overall energy expenditure during an official competition was 1.345 kcal, and the estimated energy power was 18.1 kcal·min-1 (75.7 kJ·min-1). The average energy power rates in friendly training competition based on direct oxygen measurements were lower than during an official competition.The physical fitness tests did not discriminate among players of different tactical positioning in the field, but the players of the higher category level performed better in the tests.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-148).

IgA is the dominant antibody isotype found at mucosal surfaces during homeostasis. However, genetic variation in Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), a family of receptors that mediate immune cell activation by IgG, influences susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), suggesting that IgG may be important during gut inflammation. IBD is a chronic relapsing condition with two major subtypes, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both driven by aberrant immune responses to commensals. In the first part of this thesis, we sought to investigate anti-commensal IgG responses in patients with UC and to determine the mechanism by which local IgG might contribute to intestinal inflammation. We found that UC and murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis are associated with a significant increase in anti-commensal IgG and local enrichment of FcγR signalling pathway genes. The genes most robustly correlated with FCGR2A, an activating FcγR associated with UC susceptibility, were IL1B andCXCL8. Ex vivo stimulation of human and murine lamina propria mononuclear cells with IgG immune complexes (IC) resulted in an increase in these cytokines/chemokines. In vivo manipulation of the macrophage FcγR A/I ratio in transgenic mice determined IL-1β and Th17 cell induction. Finally, IL-1β blockade in mice with a high FcγR A/I ratio reduced IL-17 and IL-22-producing T cells and the severity of colitis. Our data reveal that commensal-specific IgG contributes to intestinal inflammation via FcγR-dependent, IL-1β-mediated Th17 activation. In this thesis, we have also addressed the interplay between IgG and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). ILC3s are closely related to natural killer cells, which are known to express FcγRs, and are characterised by their production of Th17 cytokines. Here, we have shown that ILC3s express FcγRs, that ICs drive IL-22 production and MHC class II expression by ILC3s, and FcγR signalling induces a transcriptional programme that reinforces ILC3 maintenance and functionality. These results represent a new paradigm for ILC activation, with direct regulation by the adaptive immune response. Finally, we have begun to address the role played by ILC3-derived cytokines in the regulation of local tissue-resident immune cells. We have demonstrated that ILC depletion significantly alters the activation state of intestinal macrophages, resulting in detrimental bacterial outgrowth following C. rodentium infection but protection from overwhelming DSS-induced inflammation. We have shown that GM-CSF promotes macrophage IL-1β and IL-23 production, which in turn act to reinforce ILC3-derived GM-CSF and IL-22 secretion in vitro, respectively. Therefore, ILC3s are essential coordinators of the local inflammatory response within the gut through activation and possible recruitment of immune cells, and their modulation may be beneficial in the treatment of IBD.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6338.pdf: 4271187 bytes, checksum: 2fab2f3efbbab6dc48faa563208e3ee0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work was studied the magnetic and electrical properties of particulate multiferroic composite Pb (Zr0,52Ti0,48) O4 / CoFe2O4 (PZT / CFO) (0-3 type) prepared by the polymeric method of Pechini and sintered by ultra-rapid method in microwave and conventional oven, with two molar concentration (80/20 and 50/50). These samples were characterized by ferroelectricity measurements as a function of applied electric field. And magnetization, magnetostriction and magnetoelectric effect as a function of magnetic applied. The main goal of our study was to analyze and characterization of the magnetic and magnetoeletric dependence of particulate composites PZT / CFO, where these samples exhibits two different grains size distribution of cobalt ferrite when compared of grain size average of PZT matrix, with two methods of sintering. We observed these samples present a dependence of the magnetic properties with the methods of sintering and the average grain size of ferrimagnetic phase. This effect was observed in the electric polarization of the ferroelectric PZT. In addition, differences were observed in the magnetic properties 5K and 300K, especially in the coercive field, for samples of cobalt ferrite and composite PZT / CFO 50/50, associated to differences of apparent densities. / Nesta dissertação foram estudadas as propriedades magnéticas e elétricas do compósito multiferróico particulado de Pb(Zr0,52Ti0,48)O4/CoFe2O4(PZT/CFO) tipo 0-3 preparado pelo método polimérico de Pechini e sinterizado pelo método ultra-rápido em forno microondas e em forno convencional, nas relações molares 80/20 e 50/50. Foram realizadas medidas de ferroeletricidade em função do campo elétrico, magnetização em função do campo magnético, medidas de magnetoestricção e do efeito magnetoelétrico. O foco principal do nosso estudo foi análise e caracterização da resposta magnética e magnetoelétrica dos compósitos particulados PZT/CFO, levando-se em conta a contribuição da distribuição de dois tamanhos de grãos médios bem definidos da ferrita de cobalto, em relação ao tamanho do grão médio da matriz de PZT, comparando os métodos de sinterização. Observamos que, tanto nas amostras de ferrita de cobalto quanto nas amostras de compósitos, existe uma dependência das propriedades magnéticas com os métodos de sinterização e o tamanho do grão médio da fase ferrimagnética. Este efeito também foi observado na resposta da polarização elétrica, da fase ferroelétrica de PZT. Além disso, foram observadas as diferenças nas propriedades magnéticas a 5K e 300 K, principalmente, no campo coercivo, para as amostras de ferrita de cobalto e os compósitos de PZT/CFO 50/50, atribuídas às diferenças das densidades aparentes.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta resultados sobre coberturas de grupos por sub-grupos abelianos, subgrupos de Sylow e subgrupos normais. O Teorema de Neumann à indispensÃvel no estudo das coberturas por subgrupos. Apresentamos no apÃndice C uma prova elementar de um resultado muito importante nas coberturas p-Sylow. / The paper results on the Coverage groups by abelian subgroups, subgroups of Sylow and normal subgroups. We present in appendix C an elementary proof a very important result in the coverage p-Sylow.

Microglia activity has been detected in Parkinson’s disease (PD) post-mortem brains and experimental animal models; however the precise interplay between microglia and dopamine neurons of the SNpc is not well understood. In the blood plasma of PD patients, our laboratory found elevated levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a proinflammatory cytokine and potent activator of microglia. Given this, we sought to untangle the immune responses relevant to PD in mice, examining IFN-γ’s involvement and signaling mechanism using an inflammatory co-culture model of microglia and midbrain neurons treated with rotenone. By means of RT-PCR, we discovered IFN-γ mRNA transcripts are produced by microglia, and this expression increases upon exposure to rotenone. We delineated IFN-γ’s signaling mechanism in co-cultures using different IFN-γ receptor deficient cells, and showed it engages receptors in an autocrine (not paracrine) manner to further microgliosis and dopamine cell loss. After exploring the innate immune response in a model of PD, we subsequently shifted focus to an in vivo system to better investigate any involvement of the delayed humoral arm of the adaptive immune system. Needing a time appropriate death paradigm, we developed a protracted low dose regimen of MPTP, which elicits dopaminergic cell death after 2 weeks of treatment. Subjected to this paradigm, Rag 2 mutant mice (deficient in both T and B cells) exhibit resistance to dopamine cell loss, microglia activation and motor impairments. Further evidence in support of immune involvement came with the resensitization of Rag2 mice to MPTP after reconstitution with WT splenocytes. Additionally, mice deficient in Fcγ receptors exhibited neuroprotection in our protracted degeneration model. Taken together, these data indicate the innate and humoral arm can modulate the microglial response to dopaminergic degeneration and may participate in Parkinson's disease.

This thesis deals with the valuation of the Czech football clubs. The aim of this thesis is to define the value of selected Czech football clubs. For this purpose, we selected two Czech football clubs. It is a professional club Bohemians 1905 Praha and an amateur club FC Melnik. Company valuation is based on data from publicly available sources. The theoretical part deals with the concepts of valuation, valuation approaches, the functioning of football in the Czech Republic and the specifics of doing business in this branch. The practical part applies the selected methods to individual clubs and sets the value of clubs. In the process of valuation the clubs are presented and their analysis is worked out. CVM and asset metod are applied for the valuation itself.

No description available.

Introduction: Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat hematological malignancies. The antibody depletes CD20+ B cells via cytotoxic immune mechanisms, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is mainly induced by natural killer (NK) cells. Rituximab is mostly well-tolerated but has been reported to induce the release of large amounts of cytokines in blood, thus causing systemic inflammatory response. Aim: To study rituximab-induced B cell depletion and cytokine release in blood from healthy volunteers and how this was affected by Fc modified versions of the antibody. Methods and materials: Fresh blood from healthy donors (n=3) was incubated with rituximab and Fc modified versions that influence the antibody’s target functions, namely ADCC and CDC, for 4 hours in a blood loop system. Results were measured using multicolor flow cytometry, except for cytokine release in plasma which was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Of all treatments, rituximab wild type (WT) showed superior B cell depletion than Fc mutant rituximab. The C1q knock-out variant (rituximab-P331S) and the variant with improved affinity to Fc receptor CD16 (rituximab-GASDALIE) did not differ in depletion. A cytokine release was not detected with the treatments, however, a cytokine stimulation in NK cells was observed. Rituximab-GASDALIE had the most prominent cytokine stimulation and CD107a (marker of NK cell functional activity) expression on NK cells. Rituximab-WT and rituximab-P331S had a minor and similar cytokine stimulation and CD107a expression between each other. Rituximab-IgG2 had minimal B cell depletion, CD107a expression and cytokine stimulation. Conclusions: Rituximab depleted B cells without inducing measurable cytokine release for healthy individuals. Among the treatments, Fc mutant rituximab seem to induce less B cell depletion. Moreover, rituximab-GASDALIE appear to elicit an enhanced NK cell activation. Further studies should include more donors as supplement and the results should be interpreted as complementary data to future data analyzed by performing the loop experiment using blood from patients.