Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 41.pdf: 848742 bytes, checksum: 1d293ae153616b59c2b8699f6667eac2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Pretende contribuir para o entendimento dos diferentes significados do Chernoviz - enquanto representante da medicina legitimada pelas instituições oficiais, como a Academia Imperial de Medicina e as Faculdades de Medicina - no ambiente médico da Corte. O Chernoviz foi lido e utilizado por pessoas de diversas categorias sociais e profissionais, para as quais facilitou o entendimento da hermética ciência médica. A fim de precisar algumas caracteríticas do Chernoviz, são introduzidos dois problemas: um deles diz respeito à interpretação do papel dos manuais por uma parte da literatura, segundo a qual, estes livros seriam repositórios de crendices; o segundo reside numa possível antítese entre o estatuto individual do saber médico acadêmico, em relação ao diagnóstico e à terapêutica, e o caráter generalizador que os manuais imputaram a esse mesmo conhecimento.

My Brother’s Keeper is a Documentary Film developed to explore the life of John Dillinger. It examines the legendary criminal through the memories of Frances Dillinger Thompson, his last remaining sibling. The film attempts to understand John Dillinger by exposing his intimate childhood relationship with his sister, and the burdens his actions left on her.

Ausgehend von den primärsensorischen Arealen verlaufen Verarbeitungswege nach anterior durch die Temporallappen, die der Objekterkennung dienen. Besonders die vorderste Spitze der Temporallappen, der anteriore Temporalkortex, wird mit Funktionen der Objektidentifizierung assoziiert. Es existieren jedoch mehrere Vermutungen, welcher Art die Objekte sind, die in dieser Region verarbeitet werden. Es gibt Annahmen über die Verarbeitung von Sprache, von menschlichen Stimmen, semantischen Informationen oder individuellen Konzepten. Um zwischen diesen Theorien zu differenzieren, wurden vier ereigniskorrelierte fMRT-Messungen an jungen gesunden Erwachsenen durchgeführt. Die Probanden hörten in drei Experimenten die Stimmen berühmter und unbekannter Personen und in einem der Experimente zusätzlich Geräusche von Tieren und Musikinstrumenten. Im vierten Experiment wurden Zeichnungen von Comicfiguren gezeigt sowie von Tieren und Obst- und Gemüsesorten. Die neuronale Aktivität bei der Verarbeitung dieser Reize im Vergleich zu Zeiten ohne Stimulation wurde mit Hilfe von Interesseregionen untersucht, die nahezu die gesamten Temporallappen abdeckten und diese in jeweils zwölf Areale untergliederten. In den anterioren Temporallappen waren sowohl mit auditiven als auch mit visuellen Stimuli deutliche Aktivierungsunterschiede in Abhängigkeit von der semantischen Kategorie festzustellen. Individuelle Konzepte (menschliche Stimmen und Zeichentrickfiguren) riefen eine signifikant stärkere Aktivierung hervor als kategoriale Konzepte (Tiere, Musikinstrumente, Obst- und Gemüse). Außerdem war das Signal, dass durch die Stimmen der bekannten Personen ausgelöst wurde, deutlich stärker als das Signal der unbekannten Stimmen. Damit sind die Daten am ehesten kompatibel mit der Annahme, dass die anterioren Temporallappen, bekannte individuelle Konzepte verarbeiten. Da die beschriebenen Signalunterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Bedingungen ausgehend von den transversalen Temporalgyri nach anterior zum Temporalpol zunahmen, unterstützen die Ergebnisse zudem die Theorie von einem ventralen Verarbeitungsweg, der die Temporallappen nach anterior durchquert und zur Objekterkennung beiträgt. In Übereinstimmung mit den Annahmen der Konvergenzzonentheorie von A. R. Damasio scheint die spezifische Funktion dieses rostral gerichteten Verarbeitungsweges aus der sukzessiven Kombination immer mehr sensomotorischer Merkmale von Objekten zu bestehen. Da bekannte individuelle Konzepte eine besonders hohe Anzahl von Merkmalen aufweisen, ist eine weiter nach anterior verlaufende Verarbeitung zu beobachten als bei unbekannten oder kategorialen Konzepten. / It is assumed that neural pathways run from the primary sensory cortices through the temporal lobes towards their poles crossing areas necessary for object recognition. Especially the most anterior temporal parts were associated with processes contributing to the identification of objects. Yet, there is little agreement on the kinds of objects that are interpreted by the anterior temporal lobes. For example, there are assumptions regarding linguistic processing, voice recognition, the processing of general semantic information or the identification of unique entities. In order to differentiate between those theories, four event-related fMRI experiments were performed in healthy young adults. In three experiments, the subjects heard the voices of famous and unknown persons. In addition, characteristic sounds of animals and musical instruments were presented in one of these experiments. During the fourth experiment, drawings of famous cartoon characters were shown together with animals and fruit & vegetables. The neural activity in response to these stimuli compared to rest was analyzed using a regions-of-interest approach. 12 regions-of-interest that covered the majority of the temporal lobes were defined in each hemisphere. Both with auditory and visual stimuli, there were clear activation differences between the semantic categories in the anterior temporal lobes. Unique entities (human voices and cartoon characters) evoked a significantly stronger signal than categorical concepts (animals, musical instruments, fruit & vegetables). Furthermore, the signal in response to voices of familiar persons was significantly higher than to unfamiliar voices. Thus, the results are most compatible with the assumption that the anterior temporal lobes process supramodal features of familiar unique entities. As the before-mentioned signal differences between unique and categorical concepts and between familiar and unfamiliar voices increased from the transversal temporal gyri towards the temporal poles, the results support the notion of a ventral processing pathway running rostrally through the temporal lobes. In accordance with the convergence zone theory described by A.R. Damasio, the precise function of that pathway seems to consist in the incremental combination of sensorimotor concept features. Since familiar unique entities possess an especially high number of features, their processing was found to be directed into more anterior portions of the temporal lobe than the perception of unfamiliar or categorical concepts.

In this essay, Enid Blyton’s book Five Fall into Adventure is analyzed with a focus on behavior patterns, stereotypes and power division. Intersectionality is used as an approach and a close reading of passages is used as a method. I argue that the novel could work as a good starting point for raising important questions in the classroom, despite the criticism which has been directed towards Blyton’s works. Although the way in which Blyton portrays gender stereotypes is often more acknowledged by critics, this book could be an especially useful tool when touching upon the questions of class and ethnicity. The essay also demonstrates that the criticized aspects of the books, such as them being considered sexist, should be further analyzed, emphasized and discussed, rather than suppressed, because they could serve as a good starting point for dealing with questions which are important to touch upon in teaching situations. Inequality, sexism and xenophobia are examples of such questions. / I denna uppsats analyseras Enid Blytons bok Fem går i fällan med fokus på beteendemönster, stereotyper och maktskillnader. Analysen utförs utifrån ett intersektionellt perspektiv och närläsning av avsnitt används som metod. Jag framhåller att boken skulle kunna fungera som en bra utgångspunkt för att beröra viktiga frågor i klassrummet, trots att kritik har riktats mot Blytons verk. Det är ofta Blytons sätt att skildra genusstereotyper som uppmärksammas mest av kritiker, men jag belyser att boken skulle kunna vara ett särskilt användbart verktyg för att beröra frågor rörande klass och etnicitet. Uppsatsen visar även att de kritiserade aspekterna av böckerna, exempelvis att de kan anses vara sexistiska, borde vidare analyseras, betonas och diskuteras, istället för att undvikas. Anledningen till det är att de kan användas som en väldigt bra utgångspunkt för att ta upp frågor som är viktiga att vidröra i undervisningen. Ojämlikhet, sexism och främlingsfientlighet är exempel på sådana frågor.

This diploma thesis deals with trade marks with reputation materia as a subgroup of trade marks connected with greater protection. First parts of this thesis are dedicated to an introduction to the trade mark law, in particular the inclusion of trade mark law in the legal system, principles governing this branch of law description and especially familiarization with the Czech trade mark law sources through an enumeration of the individual regulations, along with their significance. Parts three and four then are focused on the concept of trade mark with reputation and the specifics analysed also by comparison with the famous trade mark, because these two concepts are united in their development, which is also described. In the fifth part, the concept of luxury brands is described for the purposes of this thesis, where importance of reputation for luxury brands is covered through luxury brands characteristics analysis, and expanded in the context of individual court decisions, not only the European institutions. The final part of this thesis presents selected decisions relating to non-traditional trade marks as they constitute a higher level of protection, even though at different level, and thus they are related to the concept of reputation, especially in the context of trade mark law trends that will be...

As with women journalists in other male-dominated fields, female music writers have long endured gendered harassment. In the newsroom, this sexist treatment is foisted upon female music journalists by their male editors and colleagues; in the outside world, it often occurs at the hands of male sources, readers, and online trolls. Unfortunately, the victims of such abuse are frequently left to cope with it alone, and many report that their mental health suffers in the process. Some may even ultimately decide to quit pursuing music journalism entirely. These women report wanting to feel more supported within their work environment, as well as through informal means, such as via a network of fellow female writers. Feminist media theory, utilitarianism, and ethics of care will serve as the study's theoretical bases. This research, based on in-depth interviews with women music journalists, suggests that the vast majority of participants had faced sexism and/or gendered harassment during their time as a female music journalist, experiences that left many of them feeling frustrated and devalued. Based on the research, I offer recommendations on how to make the industry more inclusive for women writers.

Le Traité des Neuf Preux et des Neuf Preuses, composé entre 1460 et 1468 par Sébastien Mamerot pour son seigneur Louis de Laval, nous est parvenu dans un exemplaire unique, richement enluminé (ÖNB, cod. 2577-2578). Ce travail vise à fournir une étude de ce texte inédit ainsi qu’une édition partielle. Le motif des Neuf Preux et des Neuf Preuses se développe dans la littérature et les arts figuratifs à partir d'un passage des Vœux du paon de Jacques de Longuyon. Suite au succès des œuvres de Boccace et de la thématique des hommes et femmes illustres, naissent trois compilations, organisées sur le principe de la collection de biographies et exclusivement consacrées aux Neuf Preux. Le texte de Sébastien Mamerot est le premier de ces trois textes, plus ou moins contemporains, mais indépendants. Par ailleurs, il est le seul à accorder une place aux Preuses. Alors que le motif est souvent réduit à l'évocation d'une liste de noms, ces textes constituent de vastes compilations historiques retraçant la généalogie et les hauts faits des neuf héros et héroïnes. Véritables livres-bibliothèques, puisqu'ils comportent une biographie de plusieurs des figures de prédilection du Moyen Âge, ces textes nous permettent d'avoir un certain regard sur les œuvres des siècles précédents et leur faveur au XVe s., nous fournissant un véritable guide des lectures historiques de l'époque. Le Traité des Neuf Preux et des Neuf Preuses se trouve au carrefour d'influences culturelles et littéraires diverses : la volonté de mettre par écrit et de redonner chair à ces listes de personnages bien connus en écrivant leurs vies incarne la sensibilité de l'époque aux liens entre renommée, écriture et mémoire. / Le Traité des Neuf Preux et des Neuf Preuses, written between 1460 and 1468 by Sébastien Mamerot for his lord Louis de Laval, has survived in only one manuscript, richly illuminated. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a commentary of this text as well as a partial critical edition. The topos of the Nine Worthies and Nine Worthy Women spread through literature and the figurative arts from the Vœux du paon by Jacques de Longuyon. Following the success of Boccaccio's works and that of the Famous Men and Women theme, three compilations devoted to the Worthies were written, organised as collections of biographies. Sébastien Mamerot's text is the first of these three works that, although more or less contemporary, are nonetheless independent from each other. Moreover his is the only one to deal with the Nine Worthy Women. Whereas the topos of the Nine Worthies is often reduced to a list of names, these texts consist of vast historical compilations telling the genealogy and high deeds of the heroes and heroines. Each book is like a small library in so far as it contains biographies of some of the favourite figures of the Middle Ages; through them we can have an outlook on the reception in the XVth century of the works from the previous centuries which enables us to establish a guide of the favourite historical books read at the time. Le Traité des Neuf Preux et des Neuf Preuses is at the crossroads of different cultural and literary influences: filling in those well-known names by telling their lives embodies the late medieval sensibility to the links existing between fame, writing and memory.

La mémoire de reconnaissance visuelle (MRV) est atteinte précocement dans la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA). Or, elle reposerait sur deux processus : la familiarité (simple sentiment d'avoir déjà rencontré un item) et la recollection (récupération de détails associés à l'item lors de son encodage). Si la recollection est clairement atteinte au début de la MA, les résultats concernant la familiarité sont à ce jour contradictoires. Supposée plus rapide que la recollection, la familiarité devrait pouvoir être évaluée directement par une approche temporelle. Son atteinte dans la MA pourrait alors être mieux comprise.Pour tester ces hypthèses, la procédure comportementale SAB (Speed and Accuracy Boosting) a été créée. Permettant d'étudier les propriétés de la MRV (sa vitesse-limite, Articles 1 et 2, ou sa nature « bottom-up », Article 3), ainsi que l'hypothèse que la familiarité est plus rapide que la recollection, cette méthode s'est montrée évaluer majoritairement la familiarité (Article 1). Chez des patients à risque de MA, une dissociation inattendue au sein de la familiarité a alors pu être révélée, avec une atteinte des signaux tardifs de familiarité (utilisés lors d'un jugement classique), mais une préservation des premiers signaux (supportant la détection rapide évaluée en SAB) (Article 4).En outre, la segmentation manuelle d'images IRM du lobe temporal interne (premières régions cérébrales touchées dans la MA, et clées pour la MRV) a été appliquée à la problématique connexe de l'effet de l'âge au début de la MA (Article 5).Indépendamment, ces méthodes ont permis de mieux comprendre la MRV et son atteinte au début de la MA ; leur combinaison s'annonce très prometteuse. / Visual recognition memory (VRM) is impaired early in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but would rely on two processes : familiarity (mere feeling that an item has been seen previously) and recollection (retrieval of details associated to the item at encoding). If recollection is clearly impaired in early AD, results concerning familiarity remain contradictory. Supposed to be faster than recollection, familiarity should be better understood using a temporal approach. Its possible impairment in AD could then be better understood.In order to test this, a behavioural procedure was designed: the SAB (Speed and Accuracy Boosting). Revealing different properties of VRM (its speed-limit, Articles 1 and 2; its « bottom-up » nature, Article 3) and some of its processes (familiarity appeares indeed faster than recollection, Article 1), results showed that the SAB procedure was mainly assessing familiarity (Article 1). In patients at risk of AD, an unexpected dissociation within familiarity processes was evidenced, with an impairment of late signals of familiarity (as used for classical judgements), but a preservation of the first signals (supporting fast detection assessed with the SAB) (Article 4).Last, manual segmentation of MRI images of the medial temporal lobe (first cerebral regions affected in AD, known for their key role in VRM) was also used to assess age effect at the early stage of AD (Article 5).Independently, both methods allowed understanding better the VRM and its impairment in early AD; their combination appears very promising.

This thesis deals with the phenomenon of attendance of Marienbad and its region in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, when travelling for health and progress of tourism in spas became an inseparable part of social, economic and political life. The thesis shows everyday spa life in this period from the point of view of spa visitors, at the same time emphasizes social and economic aspect of given problems of history, as well as progress of tourism and travelling in this area. The thesis is regionally focused, but it has also more general overlap to the question of balneology and health resorts in European benchmark. The thesis shows Marienbad as a cosmopolitan place - meeting point of cultural, political, economic and territorial elite.

Research studies and the review of academic literature has found that strategic leadership had a direct impact on organisational climate, and that climate in turn accounted for nearly one third of the financial results of organisations (Goleman, 2000). The conclusion from research conducted across 13 industries established that over a 20 year period, leadership accounted for more variations in performance than any other variable (Northouse, 2006). This thesis confines its research to a case study on Famous Brands. Famous Brands is currently one of Africa’s leading Quick Service Restaurant and Casual Dining franchisors and is also represented in the United Kingdom. The Group also has a manufacturing arm and supplies its franchisees, the retail trade and the broader hospitality industry with a wide range of meat, sauce, bakery, ice cream, fruit juice and mineral water products. At the time when the company’s name changed from Steers Holdings to Famous Brand in 2004, Kevin Hedderwick was appointed as Chief Operating Officer. The research examines how Kevin Hedderwick has exercised strategic leadership and thereby influenced Famous Brands’ performance. Hedderwick displays qualities, attributes and behaviours that are characterized by the phenomenon of “strategic leadership”. A quantitative analysis of Famous Brands financial performance (between 2005 and 2009) was undertaken. Further qualitative descriptions were used to further give meaning to the financial results. The success experienced by Famous Brands since Hedderwick’s appointment, seem to suggest that strategic choices and initiatives have been met with great success. The research is presented in the form of a case study that can be developed into a teaching case to be used in the classroom to illustrate the exercise of strategic leadership. The researcher explored a qualitative research framework by collecting and assimilating data from available documentation, and from a formal interview that was conducted with Mr Hedderwick. Information was also obtained from interviews that were conducted with other senior executives and influential personnel. This research concludes that the success of organisations is dependent on the interventions of a strategic leader who displays a specialist set of skills and behaviours. These strategic leaders have the ability to successfully influence their employees, thereby creating an enabling environment for the implementation of their strategic choices.