Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_cfm_dr_jabo.pdf: 893698 bytes, checksum: 797044f736c6cdcb2636bfe07a8e23cf (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho são apresentados dados de abundância média, prevalência e intensidade média de parasitismo em trinta e quatro espécimes de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, popularmente conhecidos como cacharas, capturados nos meses de março, setembro e novembro de 2003, outubro de 2004 e 2005, com tarrafas e redes de espera no rio Aquidauana. Todos os indivíduos amostrados encontravam-se parasitados. Dezenove espécies de parasitos foram identificadas, sendo sete cestodas proteocefalídeos, três monogeneas, um digenea, três nematodas, um acantocéfalo, um crustáceo, um pentastomídeo e duas espécies de mixosporídeos. As espécies de cestóides, Harriscolex kaparari e Megathylacus travassosi são registradas pela primeira vez para P. fasciatum capturados no rio Aquidauana. Os monogeneas foram os endohelmintos que apresentaram maior prevalência (100 %), seguidos pelos cestodas (91,18 %) e nematodas (58,82 %). / In this work are presented mean abundance, prevalence and mean intensity of infection in 34 specimens of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, commonly called cacharas. Fish were captured in Aquidauana river in March, September and November 2003, October 2004 and 2005, with nets in the Aquidauana river. All analyzed fish were infected. Nineteen species of parasites were collected, seven of proteocephalid cestodes, three of monogeneans, one of digeneans, three of nematodes, one of acanthocephalan, one of crustacean, one of pentastomid and two species of myxosporeans. The first record of Harriscolex kaparari and Megathylacus travassosi in P. fasciatum in the Aquidauana river was observed. Monogeneans were showed the highest prevalence, followed by cestodes (91.18 %) and nematodes (58.82 %).

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2010 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T23:22:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 287244.pdf: 1340162 bytes, checksum: e2080b666c4e2d50f67647da5bbe0429 (MD5) / O cultivo intensivo de surubim híbrido no Brasil é responsável pelo aparecimento de enfermidades e consequentemente perdas durante o cultivo, porém, pouco se sabe sobre o agente causador. O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar e caracterizar o agente patogênico causador de mortalidades em cultivo de surubins, e comprovar por meio de desafio experimental a sua virulência. Foram coletados dez peixes em fazenda do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil), e isoladas 14 cepas de bactérias hemolíticas do rim (8) e do cérebro (6), caracterizadas como Aeromonas hydrophila hydrophila. Esta cepa foi utilizada no desafio experimental onde 144 surubins, com 98,1±23,6 g, foram desafiados com 1mL de salina e 2x 102, 104, 106 e 108 UFC de A. hydrophila·mL-1. Os peixes desafiados com maior concentração de bactérias apresentaram maior prevalência dos sintomas externos e internos e mortalidade de 50±12,5% após 96 h. Verificou-se que o aumento na concentração de A. hydrophila usada no desafio resultou em diminuição no percentual de hematócrito e do número de eritrócitos, linfócitos e eosinófilos, bem como aumento no número de monócitos, neutrófilos, títulos de aglutinação e atividade antimicrobiana do soro. Conclui-se que A. hydrophila hydrophila foi responsável por sintomas característicos de septicemia hemorrágica bacteriana (BHS), além de alterações hematológicas e imunológicas que resultaram em mortalidade do peixe.

Orientador: Léa Silvia Sant'Ana / Banca: Maria Regina Barbieri de Carvalho / Banca: Maria Célia Martins de Souza / Resumo: Em diversas pesquisas foram observadas as alterações sazonais e sua influência na composição química do pescado. Por outro lado, peixes cultivados e silvestres apresentam alterações e estas podem determinar a qualidade do pescado. Estudos relacionados à composição química das espécies podem ser úteis para agregar valor ao pescado. O estudo do cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum), teve o objetivo de analisar a composição química em diferentes zonas de corte denominadas frontal, médio e caudal, para peixes cultivados e silvestres capturados em dois períodos sazonais: seca e chuva e análise sensorial de aceitação global em escala hedônica em postas cozidas e troncos defumados de peixes cultivados e silvestres. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas da composição química nas zonas de corte para todos os grupos; para os peixes cultivados foram observadas diferenças da composição nos dois períodos sazonais. Foram observadas diferenças para a composição química dos peixes cultivados, enquanto para os peixes silvestres os resultados foram uniformes. A comparação da composição dos peixes cultivados e silvestres mostrou níveis de umidade 77,79 e 79,39%, proteína 20,50 e 19,36% e lipídios 0,56 e 0,18%, para cultivados e silvestres, respectivamente no período sazonal de chuvas. No período de seca os peixes de cultivo e silvestres não apresentaram diferenças na composição química. Os níveis de energia apresentaram diferenças somente nas zonas de corte frontal nos peixes cultivados e silvestres nos dois períodos sazonais. Os valores das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (SRATB) não apresentaram diferenças entre cultivados e silvestres nos dois períodos sazonais. Na análise sensorial os peixes submetidos ao cozimento apresentaram médias de aceitação global: 7,06 e 7,27%, enquanto os defumado ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Several researches were observed seasonal changes and their influence on the fish chemical composition. Furthermore, cultured and wild fish present changes and they can determine fish quality. Studies related to the chemical composition of the species may be useful to enhance the value added. The study of cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum), aimed to analyse chemical composition in different areas called front, middle and tail to farmed and wild fish. The fish was caught in two seasons: dry and rain period. Sensory analysis of global acceptance in hedonic scale in boil and cooking smoked fish. There were no statistical differences in chemical composition in the different for all groups; for fish farmed differences were observed in the composition in the two seasons. Two seasons differences Were observed in the chemical composition of fish farmed, while for wild fish results were uniform. The comparison of farmed and wild fish composition showed humidity levels of 77.79 and 79.39%, 20.50 and 19.36% protein and lipids 0.56 and 0.18% for farmed and wild, respectively in rain seasonal period. During the dry season, chemical composition farmed and wild showed no differences. The energy levels showed differences front areas for farmed and wild fish fro both seasons. The values of the reactive substances to the thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) showed no differences between farmed fish. Sensory analysis for cooking had averages of global acceptance: 7.06 and 7.27%, while for smoked had higher values for acceptance, 8.04 and 7.86%, respectively, for cultivated and wild. The results show that the chemical composition of farmed and wild fish can influence the quality of the fish and smoking is a technology process that increases the value added to the fish. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ramires_dg_me_jabo.pdf: 310210 bytes, checksum: b36e0f81b89fae83e1c1a2191f8c4aa4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Em diversas pesquisas foram observadas as alterações sazonais e sua influência na composição química do pescado. Por outro lado, peixes cultivados e silvestres apresentam alterações e estas podem determinar a qualidade do pescado. Estudos relacionados à composição química das espécies podem ser úteis para agregar valor ao pescado. O estudo do cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum), teve o objetivo de analisar a composição química em diferentes zonas de corte denominadas frontal, médio e caudal, para peixes cultivados e silvestres capturados em dois períodos sazonais: seca e chuva e análise sensorial de aceitação global em escala hedônica em postas cozidas e troncos defumados de peixes cultivados e silvestres. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas da composição química nas zonas de corte para todos os grupos; para os peixes cultivados foram observadas diferenças da composição nos dois períodos sazonais. Foram observadas diferenças para a composição química dos peixes cultivados, enquanto para os peixes silvestres os resultados foram uniformes. A comparação da composição dos peixes cultivados e silvestres mostrou níveis de umidade 77,79 e 79,39%, proteína 20,50 e 19,36% e lipídios 0,56 e 0,18%, para cultivados e silvestres, respectivamente no período sazonal de chuvas. No período de seca os peixes de cultivo e silvestres não apresentaram diferenças na composição química. Os níveis de energia apresentaram diferenças somente nas zonas de corte frontal nos peixes cultivados e silvestres nos dois períodos sazonais. Os valores das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (SRATB) não apresentaram diferenças entre cultivados e silvestres nos dois períodos sazonais. Na análise sensorial os peixes submetidos ao cozimento apresentaram médias de aceitação global: 7,06 e 7,27%, enquanto os defumado... / Several researches were observed seasonal changes and their influence on the fish chemical composition. Furthermore, cultured and wild fish present changes and they can determine fish quality. Studies related to the chemical composition of the species may be useful to enhance the value added. The study of cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum), aimed to analyse chemical composition in different areas called front, middle and tail to farmed and wild fish. The fish was caught in two seasons: dry and rain period. Sensory analysis of global acceptance in hedonic scale in boil and cooking smoked fish. There were no statistical differences in chemical composition in the different for all groups; for fish farmed differences were observed in the composition in the two seasons. Two seasons differences Were observed in the chemical composition of fish farmed, while for wild fish results were uniform. The comparison of farmed and wild fish composition showed humidity levels of 77.79 and 79.39%, 20.50 and 19.36% protein and lipids 0.56 and 0.18% for farmed and wild, respectively in rain seasonal period. During the dry season, chemical composition farmed and wild showed no differences. The energy levels showed differences front areas for farmed and wild fish fro both seasons. The values of the reactive substances to the thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) showed no differences between farmed fish. Sensory analysis for cooking had averages of global acceptance: 7.06 and 7.27%, while for smoked had higher values for acceptance, 8.04 and 7.86%, respectively, for cultivated and wild. The results show that the chemical composition of farmed and wild fish can influence the quality of the fish and smoking is a technology process that increases the value added to the fish.

Orientador: Flávio Ruas de Moraes / Banca: Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi / Banca: Ricardo Massato Takemoto / Banca: Mauricio Laterça Martins / Banca: Adjair Antônio do Nascimento / Resumo: Neste trabalho são apresentados dados de abundância média, prevalência e intensidade média de parasitismo em trinta e quatro espécimes de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, popularmente conhecidos como cacharas, capturados nos meses de março, setembro e novembro de 2003, outubro de 2004 e 2005, com tarrafas e redes de espera no rio Aquidauana. Todos os indivíduos amostrados encontravam-se parasitados. Dezenove espécies de parasitos foram identificadas, sendo sete cestodas proteocefalídeos, três monogeneas, um digenea, três nematodas, um acantocéfalo, um crustáceo, um pentastomídeo e duas espécies de mixosporídeos. As espécies de cestóides, Harriscolex kaparari e Megathylacus travassosi são registradas pela primeira vez para P. fasciatum capturados no rio Aquidauana. Os monogeneas foram os endohelmintos que apresentaram maior prevalência (100 %), seguidos pelos cestodas (91,18 %) e nematodas (58,82 %). / Abstract: In this work are presented mean abundance, prevalence and mean intensity of infection in 34 specimens of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, commonly called cacharas. Fish were captured in Aquidauana river in March, September and November 2003, October 2004 and 2005, with nets in the Aquidauana river. All analyzed fish were infected. Nineteen species of parasites were collected, seven of proteocephalid cestodes, three of monogeneans, one of digeneans, three of nematodes, one of acanthocephalan, one of crustacean, one of pentastomid and two species of myxosporeans. The first record of Harriscolex kaparari and Megathylacus travassosi in P. fasciatum in the Aquidauana river was observed. Monogeneans were showed the highest prevalence, followed by cestodes (91.18 %) and nematodes (58.82 %). / Doutor

ABSTRACT The zebra shark Stegostoma fasciatum is an oviparous, demersal carpet shark that forms temporary aggregations and is distributed within shallow, coastal, subtropical and tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) region. The IWP region encompasses various densities of human habitation leading to differences in the levels of exploitation of chondrichthyan fishes, which are targeted for local consumption and export. This is reflected in the two current regional IUCN Red List classifications for zebra sharks of ‘Least Concern’ and ‘Vulnerable’. Despite the conservation concerns for zebra sharks in the vulnerable parts of their range, as well as importance within the ecotourism industry and collection for aquarium trade, little is known about this species in the wild. The aim of this thesis was to conduct the first intensive examination of population ecology in the zebra shark by: (i) investigating the population structure and environmental parameters associated with a relatively unexploited aggregation of zebra sharks in south-east Queensland, Australia; and (ii) investigating the genetic continuity between zebra shark populations in areas with differing levels of exploitation. To investigate the size and structure of the aggregation at the site The Group in south-east Queensland, photo-identification and mark-recapture methods were employed over a three year period (2003 - 2006). In total 327 individual zebra sharks were identified from 570 photographs. Numbered dart tags on 15 zebra sharks were used to confirm pigmentation patterns were unique and persistent in wild zebra sharks for up to 810 days. Pollock’s robust design resulted in an annual population estimate of 458 individuals (95% CI = 298 – 618). The mean number of zebra sharks observed on a single day was 8 (± 8 SE) and the maximum number of zebra sharks seen on a single day was 34. In total, 27% of the sharks were sighted in more than one summer aggregation period and males had greater re-capture probabilities than females. The aggregation consisted exclusively of large (>1800 mm total length) adults with an overall female sex bias of 3.8:1, though sex-ratios varied temporally. Passive acoustic telemetry techniques were employed to investigate the seasonality and residency of the sharks and the environmental parameters associated with their presence at the study site. Five VR2 acoustic receivers were deployed for a period of 21 months (December 2004 – August 2006) and recorded ten acoustically-tagged zebra sharks (seven females and three males). The sharks showed clear seasonality in their visitation patterns with greatest presence during the austral summer months of November through to February and no presence at all during the winter months from June through to October. However their presence did not coincide with peak water temperatures. Rather there appeared to be a critical minimum water temperature of approximately 22 ºC, above which zebra sharks would be present. The tagged zebra sharks displayed greater visitation during the calmest sea conditions. The sharks further displayed diel periodicity with greater during daylight hours, and may be using The Group as a resting site during the inactive diurnal period of the day. Complementing the ecological study on the aggregation, the population genetic structure of 180 zebra sharks from 13 locations throughout the IWP was investigated to test the concordance of IUCN zones with demographic units that have conservation value. A zebra shark specific microsatellite library was developed consisting of 14 polymorphic loci of which 13 were employed for the population genetic analysis along with mitochondrial ND4 sequence data. Mitochondrial and microsatellite data-sets from samples collected throughout northern Australia and south-east Asia concord with the regional IUCN classifications. However, evidence of genetic subdivision was found within these regions, including subdivision between locations connected by habitat suitable for migration. Further, parametric FST analyses and Bayesian clustering analyses indicated the primary genetic break within the IWP is not represented by the IUCN classifications but rather is congruent with the Indonesian throughflow current. This study has demonstrated that zebra sharks form a large, predictable, shallow coastal aggregation comprised entirely of mature adults as well as display high genetic subdivision in the Indo-West Pacific region with little to no recruitment into over-exploited populations from healthy populations. These findings indicate that, if zebra sharks form similar aggregations as that which occurs at The Group in regions of high fishing pressure then, without sufficient protection and management localised depletion and extirpation will eventuate for zebra shark populations in heavily-fished areas.

In this thesis, experiments were conducted in the laboratory and the field to determine whether the provision of floral resources to hoverflies could enhance the biological control of aphids. The overall aim was to clarify hoverfly behaviour and ecology in an agroecosystem in order to understand the potential of these insects for biocontrol under a conservation biological control (CBC) regime. A preliminary experiment in New Zealand compared the effect of different coloured water-traps on catches of the hoverflies Melanostoma fasciatum (Macquart) and Melangyna novaezelandiae (Macquart). Significantly more individuals were caught in completely yellow traps than in traps with green outer walls and yellow inner walls or in completely green traps. This suggested that if a measure of hoverfly numbers relating to a particular distance along a transect is required, consideration should be given to the ability of hoverflies to detect yellow traps from a distance. The use of traps that are green outside would more accurately reflect the local abundance of hoverflies, as the insect would be likely to see the yellow stimulus only when above or close to the trap. Also, the addition of rose water significantly increased the number of M. fasciatum caught. From a suite of flowering plants chosen for their ability in other studies to increase hoverfly visit frequencies, laboratory experiments were conducted in France to determine the plant’s effectiveness at enhancing Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) ‘fitness’, and to evaluate whether adult feeding on flowers was related to performance. Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham cv. Balo), followed by buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench cv. Katowase) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) gave the optimal reproductive potential of female E. balteatus. There was no correlation between pollen and nectar consumption, and there was no discernible positive correlation between the quantity of pollen ingested and the resulting female performance. Phacelia and buckwheat were then studied as resource subsidies in the field in New Zealand. The effect of incorporating phacelia or buckwheat in the margins of 5 m x 5 m broccoli plots was tested for hoverfly activity and floral ‘preferences’. Hoverflies which had fed on phacelia and buckwheat pollen were found up to 17.5 m from the floral strips and females of M. fasciatum and M. novaezelandiae consumed more phacelia pollen than that of buckwheat in the field. These results support the choice of phacelia as an ideal floral resource subsidy in crops for enhanced biological control by these New Zealand species. The need for studying hoverfly movement in a large-scale field experiment was apparent from the field studies, so the next experiment was carried out in a field 450 × 270 m and flies were marked via their ingestion of the pollen of phacelia. The focus was on the proportion of flies having consumed the pollen. Although large quantities of pollen were found in some hoverfly guts, most did not contain phacelia pollen and very few were captured at 50 m from phacelia, compared with numbers at the border of the floral strip. A possible explanation was that hoverflies feed on a large variety of pollen species, reducing the relative attraction of phacelia flowers. Another possibility was that hoverflies dispersed from the phacelia away from the crop. Also, pollen digestion rates are likely to be a factor. Finally, a series of experiments was conducted in the field and laboratory to study hoverfly efficacy through oviposition and larval behaviour. In field experiments, female M. fasciatum and M. novaezelandiae laid more eggs where buckwheat patches were larger; however higher oviposition rates did not lead to improved aphid population suppression. In greenhouse experiments, larvae of E. balteatus could initiate a decline in aphid numbers at the predator: prey ratio 1: 8.3, however this control did not persist. Experiments in the laboratory showed that hoverfly larvae became more active and left the system while aphid numbers declined or numbers of larvae increased. This behaviour was caused by two factors: hunger and avoidance of conspecific larvae. Further experiments showed that the avoidance of conspecifics was caused by mutual interference rather than cannibalism. The results of this work highlight the importance of hoverfly dispersal ability. Given the observations of foraging behaviour of females and mutual interference observed between larvae, and the lack of success in CBC by hoverflies in experiments at the crop scale, it is essential to assess the impact of insect predators and parasitoids at a landscape scale.