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I am interested in family secrets and the rules and mores that may constrain family behavior or adversely affect a member’s destiny. I make work that looks askance at the efforts to hide from the world those events or secrets that reflect badly on a family. I look at the places where I have discovered some of them: family furniture and objects around the house, which can shed, metaphorically, the secrets and stories that are part of family tradition. I focus light on the lives of my uncelebrated ancestors and bring them, however briefly, into the collective consciousness.

O método de imobilização de uma biomolécula é um dos principais fatores que melhoram o desempenho eletroquímico de um biossensor e o emprego de materiais como solução de quitosana, nanotubos de carbono e líquidos iônicos na preparação de eletrodos modificados tem sido cada vez maior devido as suas propriedades que facilitam a reação de transferência de elétrons entre a biomolécula e a superfície do eletrodo. Baseado neste conceito, o presente trabalho apresenta o estudo do comportamento eletroquímico da heme-proteína citocromo c quando imobilizado nos eletrodos de carbono vítreo e num novo substrato tridimensional de feltros de microfibras de carbono recobertos por nanotubos de carbono do tipo \"cup stacked\" (FCSNTc). Para imobilizar o citocromo c, compósitos contendo quitosana e o líquido iônico tetrafluoroborato de 1-butil-2,3-dimetilimidazólio (BMMIBF4) foram formulados, indicando que a otimização das quantidades destes componentes podem influenciar na atividade redox do biomaterial. A partir da caracterização eletroquímica do citocromo c em carbono vítreo foi observado que a presença do líquido iônico BMMIBF4 no compósito manteve a sua eletroatividade devido a reação de oxidação e redução do átomo de ferro do grupo heme, e ao utilizar os feltros FCSNTc o citocromo c apresentou o desempenho eletroquímico superior aos obsevados em carbono vítreo, e a incorporação do líquido iônico no compósito de imobilização, resultou em biossensores com sensibilidade superiores durante os experimentos de detecção eletrocatalítica de peróxido de hidrogênio, quando comparados com outros FCSNTc modificados sem presença do material totalmente iônico. Os experimentos espectroscópicos na região da luz visível, foram fundamentais para mostrar que o novo microambiente causado pelos compósitos não modificam a integridade do citocromo c, e que a permanência da bioeletroatividade obtida durante os experimentos eletroquímicos sugerem a aplicação dos eletrodos de FCSNTc para o desenvolvimentos de novos biossensores com o citocromo c. / The immobilization method of biomolecules have been considered the major reason in order to improve a biosensor electrochemical performance and chitosan solution, carbon nanotubes and room temperature ionic liquids have been extensively used as a material for electrode preparation due to their properties of facilitating the direct electron transfer reaction between protein and electrode surface. In this context, the present work shows the electrochemical behavior of the heme-protein cytochrome c when it is immobilized onto a glassy carbon and in a new tridimensional substrate of carbon microfibers recovered by cup staked type carbon nanotubes (FCSNTc) electrodes. The cytochrome c immobilization was carried by the formulation of different composites based on chitosan solution and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMMIBF4), and it will be shown that a volume optimization ratio between these compounds can influence in the biomaterial redox activity. During the electrochemistry characterization of cytochrome c onto glassy carbon electrode, it was observed that composites with BMMIBF4 kept its electroactivity due the iron heme group redox process. When FCSNTc felt were used the electrochemical performance was enhanced, giving better biosensors due the increase on sensitivity during the electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction when it was compared with another modified FCSNTc without ionic liquid. In addition, the spectroscopic data in the visible region were essential to show that the new microenvironment promoted by the composite did not change the cytochrome c conformational structure. Finally, the bioelectroactivity obtained during electrochemical studies suggest the use of FCSNTc modified electrode as a new platforms to develop new cytochrome c biosensors.

O método de imobilização de uma biomolécula é um dos principais fatores que melhoram o desempenho eletroquímico de um biossensor e o emprego de materiais como solução de quitosana, nanotubos de carbono e líquidos iônicos na preparação de eletrodos modificados tem sido cada vez maior devido as suas propriedades que facilitam a reação de transferência de elétrons entre a biomolécula e a superfície do eletrodo. Baseado neste conceito, o presente trabalho apresenta o estudo do comportamento eletroquímico da heme-proteína citocromo c quando imobilizado nos eletrodos de carbono vítreo e num novo substrato tridimensional de feltros de microfibras de carbono recobertos por nanotubos de carbono do tipo \"cup stacked\" (FCSNTc). Para imobilizar o citocromo c, compósitos contendo quitosana e o líquido iônico tetrafluoroborato de 1-butil-2,3-dimetilimidazólio (BMMIBF4) foram formulados, indicando que a otimização das quantidades destes componentes podem influenciar na atividade redox do biomaterial. A partir da caracterização eletroquímica do citocromo c em carbono vítreo foi observado que a presença do líquido iônico BMMIBF4 no compósito manteve a sua eletroatividade devido a reação de oxidação e redução do átomo de ferro do grupo heme, e ao utilizar os feltros FCSNTc o citocromo c apresentou o desempenho eletroquímico superior aos obsevados em carbono vítreo, e a incorporação do líquido iônico no compósito de imobilização, resultou em biossensores com sensibilidade superiores durante os experimentos de detecção eletrocatalítica de peróxido de hidrogênio, quando comparados com outros FCSNTc modificados sem presença do material totalmente iônico. Os experimentos espectroscópicos na região da luz visível, foram fundamentais para mostrar que o novo microambiente causado pelos compósitos não modificam a integridade do citocromo c, e que a permanência da bioeletroatividade obtida durante os experimentos eletroquímicos sugerem a aplicação dos eletrodos de FCSNTc para o desenvolvimentos de novos biossensores com o citocromo c. / The immobilization method of biomolecules have been considered the major reason in order to improve a biosensor electrochemical performance and chitosan solution, carbon nanotubes and room temperature ionic liquids have been extensively used as a material for electrode preparation due to their properties of facilitating the direct electron transfer reaction between protein and electrode surface. In this context, the present work shows the electrochemical behavior of the heme-protein cytochrome c when it is immobilized onto a glassy carbon and in a new tridimensional substrate of carbon microfibers recovered by cup staked type carbon nanotubes (FCSNTc) electrodes. The cytochrome c immobilization was carried by the formulation of different composites based on chitosan solution and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMMIBF4), and it will be shown that a volume optimization ratio between these compounds can influence in the biomaterial redox activity. During the electrochemistry characterization of cytochrome c onto glassy carbon electrode, it was observed that composites with BMMIBF4 kept its electroactivity due the iron heme group redox process. When FCSNTc felt were used the electrochemical performance was enhanced, giving better biosensors due the increase on sensitivity during the electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction when it was compared with another modified FCSNTc without ionic liquid. In addition, the spectroscopic data in the visible region were essential to show that the new microenvironment promoted by the composite did not change the cytochrome c conformational structure. Finally, the bioelectroactivity obtained during electrochemical studies suggest the use of FCSNTc modified electrode as a new platforms to develop new cytochrome c biosensors.

Ce manuscrit de thèse est consacré à la modification de feutres de carbone pour la préparation de matériaux d’électrodes hautement performants pour le procédé électro-Fenton (EF), appliqué aux traitements des eaux chargées en polluants bioréfractaires. Dans un premier temps, des feutres de carbone commerciaux (CF) ont été mis en œuvre pour optimiser l'élimination de colorants (Acide Orange) et de produits pharmaceutiques (Paracétamol). Les chemins réactionnels conduisant à la minéralisation de ces polluants bioréfractaires ont été élucidés et la toxicité des sous-produits identifiés a été déterminée à différents temps d’électrolyse. Dans la suite du travail, une nouvelle cathode a été préparée par dépôt électrochimique d'oxyde de graphène réduit (rGO) sur la surface des feutres de carbone commerciaux. Divers moyens de réduction ont été étudiés et les propriétés structurales et texturales de l'électrode modifiée ont été déterminées par microscope électronique à balayage, diffraction des rayons X, Spectrométrie photoélectronique X, BET et mesure d'angle de contact. La cathode élaborée présente une bonne stabilité et une grande efficacité de traitement lorsqu'elle est appliquée pour décomposer l’Acide Orange 7 (AO7), la molécule de colorant azoïque modèle choisie. Dans une dernière partie du travail, nous avons proposé un système original de traitement électrochimique de type EF à base d’une pile à glucose. Dans ce système, l’énergie nécessaire est fournie par l’oxydation du glucose à l’anode, sur feutre de carbone décoré de nanoparticules d’or alors que la cathode est constituée du feutre modifié par un carbone microporeux dopé en azote présentant des propriétés d’électrocatalyse compatibles à la réduction de l’oxygène en peroxyde d’hydrogène dans la cellule de type pile à combustible. Le manuscrit présente la synthèse et la caractérisation de ces deux électrodes. L’originalité du travail réside en la quantité particulièrement faible d’or nécessaire à l’anode et au potentiel de réduction de l’oxygène particulièrement haut obtenus sur les carbones microporeux dopés à l’azote. Les propriétés catalytiques de l'anode et de la cathode ont induit une densité de courant de sortie stable (360,3 ± 51,5 mA.m-2 à 400 ± 50 mV) et maintenue à long terme. En conséquence, 90% de la concentration initiale du polluant (AO7) a été éliminée après une dégradation prolongée de 10 h. La puissance de la cellule est faible (170 mW.m-2) mais constante au moins pendant deux mois. Cette première preuve de concept d'un système abiotique de type pile à combustible - Fenton a démontré une efficacité élevée vis-à-vis de la dégradation des polluants bioréfractaires avec un énorme potentiel dans les domaines liés à l'énergie et la protection de l’environnement. / This thesis manuscript presented the modification and application of carbon felt material for wastewater treatment accommodating biorefractory pollutants by electro-Fenton (EF) process. First of all, the optimal condition of EF treatment for dye/pharmaceuticals removal using commercial carbon felt (CF) was investigated. From that, the degradation pathways in the relationship with the toxicity of their by-products were built and proposed. Concerning the modification for commercial CF, a new cathode was set up by electrochemical deposition of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) on the surface of CF via various reduction ways. The structure property of modified electrode was investigated by SEM, XRD, XPS, BET and contact angle measurement. The new cathode exhibited good stability and high treatment efficiency when it was applied to decompose Acid Orange 7 (AO7), a model azo dye molecule. The EF treatment was also developed further by contributing a new Fuel-cell Fenton system without any external power supply. In this approach, AO7 was continuously chosen to degrade by electro-Fenton process at a designed cathode (Carbon Felt (CF)/porous Carbon (pC)) supplied by direct clean electrical energy from abiotic glucose oxidation at a CF/gold anode (CF@Au). The catalytic properties of both anode and cathode induced a stable output current density of 360.3 ± 51.5 mA m−2 at 400 ± 50 mV, maintained for long-term period. As a consequence, 90 % of the initial concentration of the pollutant, identified by HPLC analysis, was eliminated upon extended EF degradation for 10 h, and the cell power output of 170 mW m-2 was stable at least for two months. Hence, this first proof of concept of an abiotic Fuel cell – Fenton system demonstrated a high efficiency towards pollutant degradation with a huge potential in both energy-related areas and environmental protection.

Title: Silently listen to one's own being: Relationship of bodily sensations and sense in the early philosophy of M. Heidegger Author: Bc. Filip Žitník Department: Department of general anthropology, FHS - UK Supervisor: Mgr. Ing. arch. Marie Pětová, Ph.D. Abstract: Master thesis Silently listen to one's own being: Relationship of bodily sensations and sense in the early philosophy of M. Heidegger deals with the question of possibility of discussing the motive of body and bodily sensations within the framework of M. Heidegger's fundamental ontology and finding a relationship between bodily sensations and sense within this conception. The first part of the thesis demonstrates through the exposition of worldhood as the existential trait of Dasein that Dasein as ,being in the world' is necessarily bodily being, otherwise the world which is the whole of references would disintegrate. The second part reveals the necessity to conceive the bodily sensations in relation to state-of-mind (Befindlichkheit) as a fundamental trait of this being and not as the mere concomitant phenomenon. Thus the bodily sensation is via state-of-mind (Befindlichkheit) co-constitutive trait of original phenomenon "there" which is in its nature a temporal unity of the traits state-of mind, speech and understanding. In this way the bodily...

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Press felts are highly critical components of the paper machine. A degraded press felt could lead to paper web breaks, which requires the paper machine to be restarted. Moreover, a degraded felt influences the quality of the paper, leading to paper disposal. Condition monitoring aims at minimising the risk of paper web breaks, unsatisfactory paper quality and other types of production loss while maximising the useful life of the press felts. However, installing a new condition monitoring system is expensive and the installation can be difficult to fit into the scheduled maintenance stops. This thesis investigates the possibility of using existing monitoring systems instead of installing a new one. Four possible approaches of monitoring the degradation of the press felts have been explored. The identified approaches of press felt monitoring were tested by using data acquired through existing monitoring systems of the paper machine PM2 at BillerudKo-rsnäs in Karlsborg, located in the north of Sweden. The first approach is based upon process parameters. This approach could, however, not be properly investigated due to a malfunctioning sensor. The second approach revolves around the natural frequencies of the felt and the frequency changes as the felt degrades. The remaining two approaches originates from the hypothesis that felt degradation could lead to impacts as the possibly uneven felt passes the rollers. One approach is to detect these possible impacts by using the time domain feature kurtosis. The other approach is to monitor the harmonics these impacts could lead to. Neither the natural frequency nor the kurtosis approach was deemed promising, partly based on the results of the analysed data but also due to intrinsic deficiencies of these approaches. The approach based on felt harmonics did, however, exhibit indications that it might be a feasible monitoring technique. The felt harmonics approach should be further investigated. Furthermore, a python program that can synchronise data from different sources was developed. This program enables degradation features to be extracted using machine learning algorithms. However, due to the lack of vibration data and labels of the current felt condition, machine learning was not applied. / Pressfiltar är ytterst kritiska komponenter i pappersmaskinen. En nedsliten pressfilt kan orsaka pappersbanbrott vilket innebär att pappersmaskinen måste startas om. En nedsliten filt kan också påverka papperskvaliteten vilket resulterar i att papper måste kasseras. Tillståndsövervakning är ett steg närmare att kunna optimera användandet av pressfiltarna, det vill säga maximera livstiden samtidigt som risken för oplanerade stopp minimeras. Att installera ett nytt tillståndsövervakningssystem kan dock vara dyrt och installationen kan vara svår att rymmas i de planerade underhållsstoppen. Detta masterarbete utreder möjligheten att använda existerande övervakningssytem istället för att installera ett nytt. Fyra möjliga angreppssätt för tillståndsövervakning av pressfilten utforskades. De identifierade övervakningsteknikerna testades genom att använda data från existerande övervakningssystem på pappersmaskinen PM2 hos BillerudKorsnäs i Karlsborg utanför Kalix. Det första angreppssättet baseras på processparametrar. Detta angreppssätt kunde dock ej utvärderas på grund av en defekt sensor. Det andra angreppssättet kretsar kring filtens egenfrekvenser och dessas förändring när filten slits ut. Återstående två angreppssätt har sitt ursprung i hypotesen att en försämrad filt kan ge upphov till slag när den eventuellt ojämna filten passerar valsarna. Ett angreppssätt är att detektera dessa eventuella vibrationer genom tidsdomänfunktionen kurtosis. Det andra angreppssättet som använts är att övervaka de övertoner som slagen kan leda till. Varken angreppssättet baserat på egenfrekvens eller det baserat på kurtosis bedömdes lovande. Detta delvis baserat på resultaten från analyserad data men också på grund av de inneboende bristerna för dessa två angreppssätt. Det angreppssätt som baseras på filtens övertoner visade däremot indikationer på att det kan utgöra en möjlig övervakningsteknik och detta angreppssätt bör därför utforskas vidare. Vidare utvecklades ett pythonprogram som kan synkronisera data från olika källor. Programmet möjliggör applicering av maskininlärningsalgoritmer. På grund av brist på vibrationsdata och klassificering av nuvarande filttillstånd applicerades dock inte maskininlärning. / NonStopp

La culpabilité en marketing est un concept analysé essentiellement dans des recherches anglo-saxonnes. Les recherches françaises sur ce thème s’avèrent rares. Ce concept a de plus toujours été abordée en tant qu’outil de persuasion publicitaire ou à l’issue du comportement d’achat. La culpabilité qui pourrait expliquer un acte d’achat semble avoir été peu analysée. Cette thèse s’est intéressée au rôle que la culpabilité pourrait jouer dans le comportement du consommateur. Nous nous sommes notamment demandés si une stimulation de la culpabilité pouvait augmenter le consentement à payer. / Guilt in marketing is a concept which is mostly analysed by anglo-saxon researchers. French research on this topic is limited. This concept has always been analysed as a persuasion tool or after a purchase. The guilt that could explain a consumer’s purchase doesn’t seem to have been analysed much. The purpose of this thesis deals with the following topic : the role of guilt in the consumer behaviour. We have particulary wondered whether guilt stimulation could increase the willingness to pay.