This thesis is concerned with an important persone of the first half of the 19th century, French writer George Sand. The main purpose of the thesis is to reveal whether the writer is one of the key authors of French romanticism in Czech schools and whether the Czech schoolchild has an opportunity to acquaint themselves with her rural novels. The thesis contains a theoretical and a practical part. The practical part briefly mentions her biography, gives an overview of the main periods of her work and is subsequently closely concerned with George Sand's rural novels. Since Sand creates an image of an ideal human being in her rural novels, in our analysis of these novels we focused on the characteristics of the main characters and on the realistic and idealistic elements present in the novels. In the end of the theoretical part we dealt with Sand's influence on Czech writers of the 19th century, especially on Božena Němcová and Karolína Světlá. The practical part is based on a research, which was conducted in selected Czech schools (in Pilsen area and Prague). The aim of this research was, as has been mentioned before, to chart the standing of George Sand in the curriculum of world literature. We found out that Sand no longer ranks among the canonical authors, to whom is the teaching of world...

Cette thèse porte un regard croisé sur les œuvres de deux auteures américaines contemporaines nées dans la région du Sud des Appalaches. Elle se lance pour objectif principal de définir et analyser les frontières et caractéristiques d’une identité littéraire proprement appalachienne ayant émergé ces trente dernières années aux États-Unis et connaissant actuellement un essor critique sans précédent. L’étude s’appuie sur une approche essentiellement pluridisciplinaire (histoire, géographie, économie, religion, philosophie) traçant les contours d’une littérature régionale motivée par une tension entre les notions d’espace (« space ») et de territoire (« place »), d’une part, et les dynamiques inverses de territorialisation (comment passe-t-on d’un corps physique à un corps textuel spécifiques ?) et déterritorialisation (comment ce corps textuel se transforme-t-il en réceptacle de considérations plus universelles ?), d’autre part. Tout en les remettant en perspective, l’analyse adopte comme cadre théorique les considérations philosophiques de Gilles Deleuze (fondateur du concept de « déterritorialisation ») et Gaston Bachelard (phénoménologue ayant développé la notion de « poétique de l’espace »). / The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to explore the writings of two American women writers born and raised in the Appalachian South. It attempts to define and analyze the characteristics of a typically Appalachian literary identity that has been taking shape in the United States over the past thirty years and which is only now starting to receive nationwide and worldwide critical acclaim. The approach is mainly interdisciplinary (history, geography, economics, religion and philosophy provide different ways to delve into the topic) and seeks to outline a regional literature which has been essentially fueled by a tension between the concepts of “nature” (the physical place around us) and “environment” (the more complex result of the interplay between nature and man or woman). The opposed dynamics of regional grounding (how does the writer move from a specific physical natural body to a specific literary body?) and regional un-grounding or uprooting (how does this literary body turn into a receptacle of more universal emotions and concerns?) also shed light on the idiosyncrasies of this Appalachian literature. The analysis uses as a theoretical framework the philosophical views of Gilles Deleuze (the French philosopher who coined the concept of “deterritorialisation”) and Gaston Bachelard (the French phenomenologist having developed the notion of “poetics of space” recently rediscovered and explored in the United States).

En prenant appui sur dix romans anglophones contemporains par les auteures indiennes et pakistanaises, cette étude explore et évalue les enjeux politiques et poétiques de la représentation de l'amitié et de l'amour inter-classes dans une littérature souvent considérée comme essentiellement ‘élitiste'. Cette thèse s'écarte de l'approche habituelle dans les études postcoloniales qui privilégie l'idée d'hybridité conçue uniquement en termes binaires (Occident/Orient ou Nord/Sud) et au cœur de l'étude se trouvent la figure du subalterne et la négociation complexe des identités liées à la classe, à la caste et au sexe dans le sous-continent indien. Si les textes examinés révèlent la précarité des rapports humains qui transgressent les diverses frontières sociales, ils soulignent également leurs possibilités contestataires. Cette étude s'intéresse aussi aux enjeux éthiques des choix formels dont témoignent les textes examinés et à la manière dont ces choix peuvent à la fois confirmer et contredire le projet politique du texte. / This dissertation is a detailed analysis of ten contemporary Anglophone novels by women writers from India and Pakistan. It explores and evaluates the politics as well as the poetics of the literary depiction of cross-class love and friendship in Anglophone literature of the Indian sub-continent, which is often considered ‘elitist'. The figure of the subaltern lies at the heart of our study and by focusing on the portrayal of the negotiation of class, caste and gender identities in the Indian sub-continent, this dissertation moves away from postcolonial studies' customary focus on the notion of hybridity, often conceived solely in East/West or North/South terms. The texts examined reveal not only the tenuousness of cross-class relationships but also underscore their subversive possibilities. The ethical ramifications of questions of form are also explored as are the ways in which the poetics of a text can both confirm and contradict its politics.

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Les années 30 représentent un moment fondamental dans le processus culturel et identitaire du Brésil, où la fonction sociale de la littérature, notamment du roman, et le rôle de l’écrivain en tant que ‘conscience vivante’ du pays sont reconnus et problématisés. Cependant, dans la majorité des histoires, des anthologies et des manuels littéraires, aucun nom de femme ne figure parmi les auteurs canoniques de la période, à l’exception de celui de Rachel de Queiroz. L’analyse des sources de l’époque montre que, au contraire, auteures comme Lúcia Benedetti, Jenny Pimentel de Borba, Làsinha Luís Carlos de Caldas Brito, Maria José Dupré, Ondina Ferreira, Emi Bulhões Carvalho Fonseca, Ignez Mariz, Carolina Nabuco, Lúcia Miguel Pereira, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Tetrá de Teffé et bien d’autres sont publiées, lues et appréciées par la critique et le public. A partir d’une étude du contexte historique et littéraire, ainsi que de la réception et des aspects éditoriaux, les mécanismes qui ont permis leur effacement de la mémoire sont démontés et expliquée leur non intégration à la tradition littéraire brésilienne. La lecture des romans de ces auteures permet d’approfondir le discours sur la participation des femmes au moment littéraire et social des années 30 et 40 par une analyse des représentations. Les personnages qui peuplent ces ouvrages, et notamment les personnages féminins, sont un objet idéal pour analyser les phénomènes identitaires qui caractérisent ce moment historique avec ses contradictions. / The 1930’s represent a fundamental period in the development of Brazil’s culture and identity, as a time during which the social function of literature, specifically the novel, and the role of the author as the “living conscience” of the country are found and problematicized. However, in the majority of stories, anthologies, and literary manuals, not one female author’s name is found among the canonic authors of the period, with the exception of Rachel de Queiroz. The analysis of sources from the era demonstrate that, on the contrary, female authors such as Lúcia Benedetti, Jenny Pimentel de Borba, Làsinha Luís Carlos de Caldas Brito, Maria José Dupré, Ondina Ferreira, Emi Bulhões Carvalho Fonseca, Ignez Mariz, Carolina Nabuco, Lúcia Miguel Pereira, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Tetrá de Teffé and many others were published, read, and appreciated by the critic and the public. Following the examination of the historical and literary context of these writings, as well as their reception and editorial aspects, the mechanisms which allowed for their deletion from memory are dismantled, explaining the lack of integration of these writings in the Brazilian literary tradition. Reading and analyzing the representations of these female authors’ novels allows for the expansion of the discourse on the participation of women in the literary and social era of the 1930’s and 1940’s. The characters, notably the female ones, which populate these works are an ideal subject for the analysis of phenomena of identity which characterize this historical time period, along with their contradictions. / Os anos 30 representam um momento fundamental no processo cultural e identitário do Brasil, onde a função social da literatura, especialmente do romance, e o papel do escritor como « consciência viva » do país são reconhecidos e problematizados. Contudo, na maioria das histórias, antologias e manuais literários, nenhum nome feminino figura entre os autores canônicos do período, com a exceção de Rachel de Queiroz. A análise das fontes da época mostra que, pelo contrário, autoras como Lúcia Benedetti, Jenny Pimentel de Borba, Làsinha Luís Carlos de Caldas Brito, Maria José Dupré, Ondina Ferreira, Emi Bulhões Carvalho da Fonseca, Ignez Mariz, Carolina Nabuco, Lucia Miguel Pereira, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Tetrá de Teffé e tantas outras foram publicadas, lidas e apreciadas pela crítica e pelo público. A partir de um estudo do contexto histórico e literário, bem como da recepção e dos aspectos editoriais, os mecanismos que permitiram o desaparecimento de tais autoras da memória são desmontados, explicando sua falta de integração à tradição literária brasileira. A leitura dos romances destas autoras permite o aprofundamento do discurso sobre a participação das mulheres no contexto literário e social dos anos 30 e 40 através de uma análise das representações. As personagens que povoam estas obras, especialmente as personagens femininas, são um objeto ideal para analisar os fenômenos identitários que caracterizam este momento histórico e suas contradições.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The images of Japanese women in the Japanese contemporary literature (1935-1975) — Short-stories crowned with the Akutagawa Prize<p><p>\ / Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished