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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Role of Heparan Sulfate Structure in FGF-Receptor Interactions and Signaling

Jastrebova, Nadja January 2008 (has links)
Heparan sulfate (HS) belongs to the glycosaminoglycan family of polysaccharides and is found attached to protein cores on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. The HS backbone consists of alternating hexuronic acid and glucosamine units and undergoes a number of modification reactions creating HS chains with alternating highly and low modified domains, where high degree of modification correlates with high negative charge. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FRs) both bind to HS, which affect formation of the FGF–FR complexes on the cell surfaces. Activated FRs can trigger several intracellular signaling pathways leading thereby to diverse cellular responses. Work presented in this thesis focuses on the effect of HS and its structures on FGF–FR complex formation and FGF-induced signaling. Studies with short, highly modified oligosaccharides and FGF1 and 2 combined with FR1c, 2c, 3c or 4 showed a correlation between the overall degree of modification and amount/stability of FGF–FR complexes. Our findings imply that several HS structures, differently modified but with the same negative charge density are equal in their ability to support complex formation. Co-application of oligosaccharides with FGF2 to HS-deficient cells and investigation of the thereby induced cell signaling confirmed our findings with a cell-free system. The oligosaccharide with the highest modification degree displayed the biggest impact on cell signaling, which was FGF2 concentration dependent. Studies with long HS polysaccharides with preserved high and low modified domains suggest that the proportion between these two types of domains and also the structure of the low modified domains are of importance for the FGF–HS–FR complex formation and cell activation capacity. This work illuminates several aspects in how HS structure influences the interplay between FGFs and FRs and contributes to the understanding of what factors affect a cell’s response following FGF stimulation.
72

The proteoglycan perlecan regulates long bone growth through interactions with developmental proteins in the growth plate

Smith, Simone Marsha-Lee. January 2007 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 168 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
73

Decoding heparan sulfate /

Kreuger, Johan, January 2001 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
74

The proteoglycan perlecan regulates long bone growth through interactions with developmental proteins in the growth plate /

Smith, Simone Marsha-Lee. January 2007 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
75

The characterization of novel fibroblast growth factor response genes in Xenopus laevis /

Winsor, Wendy, Unknown Date (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, 1999. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 145-163.
76

Characterization of the FGF receptor signaling complex in Xenopus laevis during early embryonic development /

Ryan, Paula, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, 1999. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 97-117.
77

Characterization of fibroblast growth factor receptor type I isoforms in Xenopus laevis embryonic development /

Nash, Gordon W., January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Bibliography: leaves 92-106. Also available online.
78

Molecular mechanisms of primary palatogenesis analysis of expression of fgf-8 and bmp-4 in C57Bl/6J and Twirler mice : thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Masters of Science in Orthodontics ... /

Edwards, Laura J. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.
79

Stromal cells of mesenchymal origin in breast cancer

Pasanen, I. (Ilkka) 16 May 2017 (has links)
Abstract Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women in Finland; its prognosis varies from very good to poor. During the last two decades, mesenchymal stromal cells, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts of the breast have been investigated in the context of breast carcinomas because of their presence in the tumor microenvironment. It has been shown that the properties of the non-malignant tumor compartment possess prognostic value. The effects that these three stromal cell types have on cancer progression have been studied, but their exact mechanisms remain still largely unknown. This experimental work was conducted in order to investigate whether the three cell types of mesenchymal origin influence breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Functional and structural differences between the stromal cell types were investigated using multiple methods. A total of 19 primary human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cell lines, and six paired primary fibroblast and carcinoma-associated fibroblast lines of the breast were used in the study. Co-cultures of labeled stromal cells and breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, M-4A4 and NM-2C5 were performed and the proliferation properties of each cell line were assessed. An orthotopic murine breast cancer model was established by injecting NM-2C5 cancer cells in the mammary fat pads of athymic mice either alone or with the three stromal cell types, and tumor growth and histology were analysed. Mesenchymal stromal cells increased the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines NM-2C5 and MDA-MB-231, and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts increased the proliferation of NM-2C5 cells in vitro. The effect was due to both soluble factors and direct cell-cell contact. In the in vivo experiments, the mesenchymal stromal cells inhibited and the fibroblasts enhanced the growth of breast cancer tumors. Histological analysis of the tumors revealed differences in the invasiveness, necrosis and amount of connective tissue. Differences in the expression of CD105 and CD54 were observed between tumors with mesenchymal stromal cells or fibroblasts. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts differed from mesenchymal stromal cells in their expressions of CD105 and CD54. The fibroblast subtypes differed at the gene expression level in immunological, developmental and extracellular matrix related pathways. / Tiivistelmä Rintasyöpä on Suomessa naisten yleisin syöpä, ja sen ennuste vaihtelee erittäin hyvästä huonoon. Viime vuosikymmenten aikana mesenkymaalisia stroomasoluja, rinnan kasvainsidekudossoluja ja tavallisia sidekudossoluja on tutkittu rintasyövän yhteydessä johtuen kyseisten solujen läsnäolosta syövän mikroympäristössä. Syöpäkudoksen hyvänlaatuisen solukon ominaisuuksilla on osoitettu olevan ennusteellista arvoa, ja kolmen edellä mainitun strooman solutyypin vaikutuksia rintasyövän etenemiseen on tutkittu, mutta tarkat vaikutusmekanismit ovat vielä laajalti tuntemattomat. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia edellä mainittujen solutyyppien vaikutusta rintasyöpäsolujen lisääntymiseen soluviljelmässä ja syöpäkasvaimen kasvuun koe-eläinmallissa. Lisäksi strooman solujen rakenteellisia ja toiminnallisia eroavaisuuksia tutkittiin molekyylibiologisilla menetelmillä. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin 19:ää luuytimen mesenkymaalista stroomasolulinjaa sekä kuutta rinnan kasvainsidekudossolu–sidekudossolu paria. Leimattuja strooman soluja viljeltiin yhteisviljelmissä rintasyöpäsolulinjojen MDA-MB-231, M-4A4 ja NM-2C5 kanssa, ja kunkin solutyypin lisääntymistä mitattiin. Ortotooppisessa rintasyövän hiirimallissa immuunipuutteisen hiiren rinnan ihonalaisrasvaan injisoitiin NM-2C5-rintasyöpäsoluja yksinään ja yhdessä strooman solujen kanssa, ja kasvainten kasvua ja histologiaa analysoitiin. Mesenkymaaliset stroomasolut kiihdyttivät NM-2C5- ja MDA-MB-231-rintasyöpälinjojen ja kasvainsidekudossolut NM-2C5-solujen lisääntymistä soluviljelmässä. Vaikutuksen aiheuttivat sekä liukoiset tekijät että suora solujen välinen vuorovaikutus. Eläinmallissa mesenkymaaliset stroomasolut hillitsivät mutta sidekudossolut lisäsivät rintasyöpäkasvaimen kasvua. Histologisissa analyyseissä paljastui eroavaisuuksia tuumorien paikallisessa invaasiossa, kudoskuolion määrässä ja sidekudoksen määrässä. Mesenkymaalisia stroomasoluja ja kasvainsidekudossoluja sisältävien kasvainten välillä esiintyi eroja CD105- ja CD54-pinta-antigeenien määrässä. Kasvainsidekudossolut erosivat pintarakenteiltaan mesenkymaalisista stroomasoluista CD105:n ja CD54:n ilmentämisessä. Sidekudossolut ja kasvainsidekudossolut erosivat toisistaan geenien ilmentämisen tasolla immunologisten, kehityksellisten ja soluväliaineeseen liittyvien geenipolkujen osalta.
80

Cytotoxicity testing of biodegradable biomaterials for bone regeneration

Saiera, Hossain January 2022 (has links)
Magnesium is a biodegradable biomaterial that was tested and used, in vivo in humans, as early as in the twentieth century. However, because of the difficulty to regulate the fast degradation of those implants, causing considerable complications, the element was not used in musculoskeletal surgery anymore. In the last decade, a rediscovery of biodegradable implants made of magnesium alloys has been made. Magnesium alloys have turned out to be fully degradable and even have osteoinductive properties, causing an increase in bone mass. A lot of research is still needed to be able to safely use implants made of magnesium alloys in human patients. In this project, two different biomaterials (Modified BioGlass and Magnesium alloy WE43) were tested with L929 cells, to assess the cell viability using alamarBlue assay.  The Modified BioGlass was tested in four different concentrations, 100 % BioGlass, 90 % BioGlass & 10 % Silver (Ag), 80 % BioGlass & 20 % Ag, 50 % BioGlass & 50 % Ag. Silver is an antibacterial element with bacteriostatic properties and is needed in bioactive materials to avoid infections when prosthetic implants are placed inside the body. The results showed an increase in viability as Ag was added to the BioGlass. Due to Ag being antibacterial, the Ag concentration should be limited for a higher viability, because a higher concentration of Ag would not only kill bacteria, but even harm cells. For further testing, it is suggested to test different concentrations of Ag between 20 % and 50 %. The Magnesium alloy WE43 was tested in nine different concentrations, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200 μg/ml. As the concentration increased from 5-200 μg/ml, the maximum decreasing of the viability was 55 %. This showed that the biomaterial is biocompatible as it is still over 50 %, if compared to the Modified BioGlass experiment, where the Bioglass would reach as low as 40 % in viability. For future analysis it would be suggested to work with higher concentrations to see a greater difference in viability and cytotoxicity. / Benremodellering är den naturliga processen för benbildning, genom att benvävnad förnyas eller repareras under människans livstid. Ibland kan komplexa tillstånd av bendefekter orsakade av t.ex. infektioner, skelettavvikelser eller tumörexcisioner kräva en stor mängd ny benbildning. Inerta biomaterial, som t.ex. rostfritt stål och titan har använts som ortopediska implantat för att stabilisera benfrakturer sedan 1900-talet. Ortopediska implantat gjorda av dessa material är dock inte biologiskt nedbrytbara och kommer så småningom att slitas ner i kroppen, vilket kan orsaka irritation och smärta för patienten. På grund av dessa instabila egenskaper, är det inte så ovanligt att patienter genomgår en andra operation för att ta bort, eller byta ut protesen. Magnesium är ett biologiskt nedbrytbart biomaterial som testades och användes, in vivo på människor redan under 1900-talet. På grund av svårigheten att reglera den snabba nedbrytningen av dessa implantat, vilket orsakade avsevärda komplikationer, slutade metallen användas vid muskuloskeletal kirurgi.  Under det senaste decenniet har en återupptäckt av biologiskt nedbrytbara implantat gjorda av magnesiumlegeringar gjorts. Magnesiumlegeringar har visat sig vara helt nedbrytbara och har till och med osteoinduktiva egenskaper, vilket orsakar en ökning av benmassan. Det krävs fortfarande mycket forskning för att på ett säkert sätt kunna använda implantat gjorda av magnesiumlegeringar i mänskliga patienter i framtiden. I detta projekt testades två olika biomaterial, Modifierad BioGlass och Magnesiumlegering WE43 i direkt kontakt med L929-celler, för att bedöma cellviabiliteten med alamarBlue-analys. Modifierad BioGlass testades i fyra olika koncentrationer, 100 % BioGlass, 90 % BioGlass & 10 % Silver (Ag), 80 % BioGlass & 20 % Ag, 50 % BioGlass & 50 % Ag. Resultaten visade bland annat att 100 % BioGlass fungerar utmärkt på egen hand, eftersom biomaterialet visade en högre cellviabilitet, det vill säga ett större antal friska och levande celler, i jämförelse med cellerna utan något biomaterial. En anledning till detta är att BioGlass är biokompatibelt och känt för att främja celltillväxt. De andra kombinationerna med Ag visade en ökning i cellviabilitet som var högre i viabilitet i jämförelse med 100% BioGlass. Däremot är Ag ett antibakteriellt element med bakteriostatiska egenskaper, och därav bör Ag-koncentrationen begränsas, eftersom en högre koncentration av Ag inte bara skulle döda bakterier, utan även skada levande celler. Detta visades av 50/50-sammansättningen som innehöll för mycket Ag i kombination med Bioglass eftersom cellviabiliteten minskade som mest här, i jämförelse med alla andra koncentrationer. För framtida analys föreslås det att testa olika koncentrationer av Ag mellan 20 % och 50 %. Magnesiumlegering WE43 testades i nio olika koncentrationer, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 och 200 μg/ml. Under detta experiment försökte vi finna olika koncentrationer av biomaterialet som kan användas för vidare testning. Genom att skapa en cytotoxicitetskurva fick vi även en uppfattning om vilka koncentrationer som man kan undvika att arbeta med. Cytotoxicitet är ett mått på hur mycket skada ett material eller element kan göra på levande organismer, såsom celler och vävnader.  Resultaten visade att de första sex koncentrationerna från 5 µg/ml – 100 µg/ml var mycket stabila i förhållande till cellviabiliteten. Viabiliteten bland dessa koncentrationer hamnade aldrig under 85%, vilket kan betyda att dessa koncentrationer antingen var stabila att arbeta med, eller att koncentrationerna inte påverkade cellerna. När koncentrationen ökade från 5–200 μg/ml var den maximala minskningen av viabiliteten till 55%. För framtida analyser föreslås det att arbeta med högre koncentrationer för att se en större skillnad i viabilitet och cytotoxicitet.

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