Although the earliest known literary evidence for a dual-sexed divinity on Cyprus dates to the fifth century BCE, archaeological evidence indicates there was a tradition on the island of sexually ambiguous imagery which predates the literary sources. This information prompted the present research, which traces the tradition back to the earliest known examples on Late Neolithic Cyprus, and tracks its evolution through to the Cypro-Archaic period. Rather than rely upon descriptions, photographs and drawings presented in consulted publications, the various international museums that house the figures were visited by the writer in order to physically examine the images. Controversial aspects of these figures were discussed with senior museum staff and/or curators. If figurines were unavailable for viewing, where possible, photographs were acquired from the relevant museums, and controversial aspects of the figures discussed by email. As a result, the majority of the images discussed in this thesis have been examined and photographed by the author. A catalogue of the sexually ambiguous imagery for Cyprus from the Neolithic to the Cypro-Archaic period has been compiled and is included in this work. It is proposed that the imagery is of Cypriot innovation, and consists of proto-anthropomorphic, anthropomorphic and half-animal, half-human representations. The genre is influenced from its earliest period by the figurative art of the Syro-Anatolian mainland, but from the Late Bronze Age onwards, influences from the western Mediterranean and Aegean are also evident. Despite the periods in which there is little evidence for figurine production, sexually ambivalent imagery re-emerges when figurative evidence is once more apparent in the archaeological records. Furthermore, stylistic continuity of the genre from one period to the next is also apparent. This continuity is regardless of the cultural changes which occur intermittently during the seven millennia period relevant to this study. Although it is not until the Cypro-Geometric period that there is firm evidence to support a religious interpretation of sexually equivocal imagery, it is suggested that the genre from the earliest period was at least associated with fertility, and perhaps religious cult.

Thesis (M.A.)--Syracuse University, 2001. / "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Illustration in the Graduate School of Syracuse University." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Lille III, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 930-950).

Cette thèse de doctorat ne vise pas tant à questionner la pertinence de la formule d'École romaine (Scuola Romana) appliquée à un groupe de peintres et de sculpteurs actifs à Rome dans l'entre-deux-guerres qu'à tenter de comprendre le succès de cette étiquette jusqu'à nos jours. Différentes méthodes sont utilisées pour aborder les écrits de critique d'art et les discours scientifiques, mais aussi les productions textuelles plus liées à la fiction et au témoignage. D'autre part, ce travail analyse les carrières singulières des artistes ainsi que le devenir des œuvres afin de replacer l'École romaine par rapport à une histoire du goût en Italie et au-delà. L'étude suit une progression chronologique. Elle porte d'abord sur la réception de l'École romaine du temps de son activité, entre 1918 et 1945, puis interroge la place des artistes du mouvement dans l'Italie de l'après-Seconde Guerre mondiale, dans un contexte marqué par les divisions politiques. Enfin, à partir des années 1980, l'on assiste à une tentative de revalorisation marchande de l'École romaine sans précédent. Il s'agit alors d'évaluer les résultats de cette action et de comprendre ce qui l'a rendue possible. Les questions de la modernité artistique ainsi que celles des liens de la scène artistique romaine avec le fascisme puis avec la mémoire du régime sont au cœur de cette recherche, constituant des approches neuves pour étudier un objet encore mal connu en France. / This PhD thesis questions the label « Ecole romaine » (also known as Scuola romana) used to designate a group of painters and sculptors in Rome between 1918 and 1945. We aim to understand the reasons for the success of this expression until now. We use various methods in order to investigate the discourses of both art critics and scholars as well as more fictional texts, often written as testimonies. Furthermore, this work analyses the singular career of each artist and the reception of their works in order to consider the Ecole Romaine within a history of taste in Italy and abroad. Our study follows a chronological development. First, we analyse the reception of the School when active, between 1918 and 1945. Then, we examine the place of our artists in post-war Italy, in a context of great political divisions. Finally, we study how, in the early 1980s, various actors on the artistic scene tried to raise the value of the Ecole Romaine's works on the art market. What were the results of their attempt, and to what extent this renewal of interest had a lasting impact, especially in the museums field ? The questions of artistic modernity and of the relationship between the Ecole Romaine and the fascist regime are central in this research. These constitute new approaches to a theme which has remained relatively unknown outside of Italy.

Orientador: João Francisco Duarte Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T00:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Betiol_CarmenFabiana_M.pdf: 10918905 bytes, checksum: e844b9bf7e958938c646efe0cfcfd839 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa se propõe a realizar um estudo dos ceramistas do município de Taubaté/SP, com enfoque na tradição de ensino que se estabelece entre as gerações, mantendo, assim, acesa a produção há mais de 150 anos. A cerâmica popular figurativa taubateana nasceu em meados do século XIX com a imigração européia, tendo sido a devoção católica decisiva para os artesãos da cidade se dedicarem à criação de presépios e imagens sacras. Muito contribuiu para esse trabalho com o barro o fato de Taubaté ser banhada pelo rio Itaim, originalmente fonte de sua matéria-prima. Outros fatores contribuíram e contribuem para essa arte existir há mais de um século, como o ensinamento de fazer essas figuras dentro das famílias. Além das relações de parentescos permearem a constituição do grupo, surgem também as relações de ensino entre os vizinhos. Atualmente, o aprendizado também é transmitido para as pessoas fora dessa comunidade, o que ocorre principalmente desde a abertura da Casa do Figureiro, local de produção e venda dessa cerâmica. A criação desse espaço ampliou as possibilidades de geração de renda, outro fator fundamental para tal prática. As figureiras, mulheres que fazem as figuras de barro, representam, hoje, um grupo significativo de manifestação da cultura popular, expressando-se, criando e ensinando às novas gerações o seu ofício. Nesse sentido, a pretensão deste projeto é: descrever e analisar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem presentes nessa tradição. O como são vivenciadas as formas de aprendizagem para essas pessoas a partir de processos (ou métodos) de ensino, criados pelas gerações anteriores, é o grande foco deste trabalho. Nessas ações estão as experiências de ser aprendiz e também de ser o mestre do ofício em fazer figuras. Este estudo procura compreender e registrar essas vivências, como são desenvolvidas e se transformam para constituir também uma tradição de ensinar e aprender. Procura-se, pois, pensar as relações existentes nesse processo, por isso o texto se intitula: ensino e aprendizagem na cerâmica, diferentemente de ensino e aprendizagem da cerâmica. Aqui, não se encontra um manual de como fazer figuras de barro, por isso não são amplamente evidenciadas as técnicas, que são somente citadas com o intuito de exemplificar as situações e relações de ensino e aprendizagem desses sujeitos. Neste trabalho de registro e discussão, enfoca-se como essas pessoas ensinam, aprendem e apreendem o ofício de ser figureiro. / Mestrado / Mestre em Artes

This thesis is focused on jewel and his placement in the art education at primary school. The theoretical part focuses on classification and function of jewel in general. It describes his development and monitors the changes of jewellery production from the beginning of the 20th century until now in the Czech Republic and foreign countries. In the theoretical part non-traditional materials used for jewel are described. There is also introduced the textile jewel as a part of jewellery made from non-traditional materials. The practical part includes two methodological art series and the concept of jewel is introduced to children through them. The thesis includes supplementary materials and photo documentation.

Carlos Julião (1740-1811) é um militar de origem italiana a serviço do exército português a quem são atribuídos documentos iconográficos conservados em coleções brasileiras e portuguesas. Na medida em que esses documentos incorporam representações de tipos sociais provenientes de várias partes do mundo colonial português, eles ultrapassam o campo estrito do desenho militar e ganham um novo interesse para os estudos da História da Arte. Especialmente no caso do Brasil, as figurinhas desenhadas por Julião precedem o registro dos tipos sociais operado pelos artistas viajantes do século XIX. Este trabalho visa examinar a obra de Julião sob pontos de vista diversos, na tentativa de entendê-la dentro do contexto histórico em que se situa. Dessa forma, recorre-se à reconstituição da trajetória biográfica do autor, ao exame da prática do desenho em Portugal no Setecentos, bem como ao estabelecimento de relações com tradições da representação em vigência na arte européia. Em última instância, esta tese buca encontrar para Julião um lugar no contexto da História da Arte no Brasil colônia. / Carlos Julião (1740-1811) is an Italian born military man, serving under the Portuguese Army. He is supposed to be the author of iconographical documents preserved in Brazilian and Portuguese collections. Once those documents are related to the depiction of social characters from different Portuguese colonies, all over the world, they go beyond the specificity of the military drawing, reaching an interesting status as Art History. Concerning Brazil, specifically, the human figures by Julião are far ahead the social types depicted by the traveler-artists of the 19th century. The present work intends to examine the oeuvre of Carlos Julião under several points of view, with the aim of understanding it within its historical context. Concerning such approach, the reconstitution of the artist biography has been searched, the use of the drawing in Portugal during the 18th century has been examined, as well as possible relations linking his work to representational traditions of European art. Ultimately, this thesis searches to place Julião within the History of Art in colonial Brazil.

Carlos Julião (1740-1811) é um militar de origem italiana a serviço do exército português a quem são atribuídos documentos iconográficos conservados em coleções brasileiras e portuguesas. Na medida em que esses documentos incorporam representações de tipos sociais provenientes de várias partes do mundo colonial português, eles ultrapassam o campo estrito do desenho militar e ganham um novo interesse para os estudos da História da Arte. Especialmente no caso do Brasil, as figurinhas desenhadas por Julião precedem o registro dos tipos sociais operado pelos artistas viajantes do século XIX. Este trabalho visa examinar a obra de Julião sob pontos de vista diversos, na tentativa de entendê-la dentro do contexto histórico em que se situa. Dessa forma, recorre-se à reconstituição da trajetória biográfica do autor, ao exame da prática do desenho em Portugal no Setecentos, bem como ao estabelecimento de relações com tradições da representação em vigência na arte européia. Em última instância, esta tese buca encontrar para Julião um lugar no contexto da História da Arte no Brasil colônia. / Carlos Julião (1740-1811) is an Italian born military man, serving under the Portuguese Army. He is supposed to be the author of iconographical documents preserved in Brazilian and Portuguese collections. Once those documents are related to the depiction of social characters from different Portuguese colonies, all over the world, they go beyond the specificity of the military drawing, reaching an interesting status as Art History. Concerning Brazil, specifically, the human figures by Julião are far ahead the social types depicted by the traveler-artists of the 19th century. The present work intends to examine the oeuvre of Carlos Julião under several points of view, with the aim of understanding it within its historical context. Concerning such approach, the reconstitution of the artist biography has been searched, the use of the drawing in Portugal during the 18th century has been examined, as well as possible relations linking his work to representational traditions of European art. Ultimately, this thesis searches to place Julião within the History of Art in colonial Brazil.

Cette thèse se focalise sur le groupe artistique international Abstraction-Création, créé pour servir de forum à l’art non figuratif à Paris entre 1931-1936. Au fil des années, il a eu une centaine de membres, y compris certains artistes hongrois, notamment Étienne Béothy, Alfred Reth, Lajos Tihanyi et Ferenc Martyn, tandis que László Moholy-Nagy était membre sans vivre à Paris. Ce n’est que dans les années 1970 que les premières recherches approfondies ont été menées sur Abstraction-Création. Depuis, l’activité d’Abstraction-Création n’a été que rarement étudiée, sa structure, ses objectifs ou son histoire ont été largement négligés. Le constat est le même pour l’état de la recherche relative à chacun des membres hongrois : jusqu’à présent, seule la participation de Béothy et de Martyn a été analysée en détail. Outre l’objectif principal de cette thèse, notamment la mise en perspective des artistes hongrois dans le groupe, la réévaluation et l’interprétation de l’ensemble de l’activité d’Abstraction-Création sont également mises en lumière. A la base d’une analyse théorique et historique, ce travail compare Abstraction-Création avec deux groupes parisiens non figuratifs. Cette thèse vise à clarifier les différences qui les séparent en soulignant qu’Abstraction-Création ne peut pas être considéré comme une combinaison des deux. Grâce à des documents jusqu’alors non analysés, l'auteur donne un aperçu de la structure organisationnelle de ce forum et discute, à partir d’une perspective entièrement nouvelle, le rôle du comité, leurs débats, leur formation, cessation et leurs plateformes, y compris les réunions, la galerie et le cahier. La thèse démontre la relation entre Abstraction-Création et Surréalisme au moyen d'une analyse stylistique et théorique. Elle prétend que, grâce aux activités des membres hongrois, toutes les facettes du groupe peuvent être présentées. L'auteur révèle quels ont été les objectifs initiaux de l'adhésion des membres hongrois et comment ils ont tiré profit de leur participation. La thèse décrit la période abstraite parisienne des artistes hongrois dans les années 1930, et ce, dans un contexte artistique international et dans un contexte historique plus large. / This dissertation focuses on the international artistic group, called Abstraction-Création (1931-1936. Out of the approximately 100 members joining the association a few were Hungarian artists, namely Étienne Béothy, Alfred Reth, Lajos Tihanyi and Ferenc Martyn, whereas László Moholy-Nagy received an external membership. A deeper research into the Parisian non-figurative formations of the 1930s, including Abstraction-Création, only took shape in the 1970s. Since then, Abstraction-Création has been discussed only occasionally, and a deeper discussion concerning the structure, the goals, or the history of the group is still missing. The same applies to the research on individual Hungarian artists; while for each of them the participation in the forum was presented as an important stage of their lives, so far only the participation of Béothy and Martyn has been examined in detail. Beyond the basic goal of the study to concentrate on Hungarian artists in the group, the re-evaluation and a new examination of Abstraction-Création are also placed in the focus. Based on a theoretical and historical analysis, the study compares Abstraction-Création with two non-figurative Parisian groups, clarifying the differences between them and pointing out that Abstraction-Création could not be viewed as a combination of the two of them. Drawing on hitherto unanalyzed documents, the author gives an overview of the organizational structure of the forum, and discusses, from an entirely new perspective, the role of the committee, their debates, their formation and cessation and their platforms, including their meetings, gallery and journal. The dissertation demonstrates the relation between Abstraction-Création and Surrealism by means of a stylistic and theoretical analysis. It claims that through the activities of the Hungarian members, all the facets of the group can be shown, particularly because of the fact that they did not form a special group within the association, but had their different individual roles and routes. The author presents what the original aims behind the admission of the Hungarian members were and how they benefited from the participation. The dissertation depicts the Parisian abstract period of Hungarian artists in the 1930s in an international artistic context and against a broader historical background.

Mémoire (M.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1988. / Ce travail de recherche a été réalisé à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en arts plastiques extentionné de l'Université du Québec à Montréal à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU