Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-08-24T18:27:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diógenes Aires de Melo - 2017.pdf: 29280291 bytes, checksum: 54f60896fed20376341146bea3a59ed5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-15T12:49:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diógenes Aires de Melo - 2017.pdf: 29280291 bytes, checksum: 54f60896fed20376341146bea3a59ed5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T12:49:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diógenes Aires de Melo - 2017.pdf: 29280291 bytes, checksum: 54f60896fed20376341146bea3a59ed5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / One of the biggest concerns with municipal solid wastes (MSW) is the risk of degradation of final disposal areas (FDA), since many landfills installed as sanitaries, in Goiás State, Brazil, returned to the condition of ilegal dump sites (MP-GO, 2012), and because the technical standards don´t adopt the newest concept of environmental geotechnics (JUCÁ, 2003). It´s necessary evaluate the FDA of MSW and establish the prioritization criterias for the rehabilitation in order to decide about their future. The research aimed the proposition of a multicriteria decision process for the rehabilitation of FDA of MSW in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (MRG). The MRG, composed by 20 municipalities, was choosen because it´s responsible for the generation of 46.85 % of the total of 4,088.23 tonnes/day of MSW of Goias State (SECIMA, 2014b). Three evaluations were carried out in 20 areas: quality evaluation of final disposal, through Landfill Quality Index (LQI) (FARIA, 2002); evaluation of environmental vulnerability, with the elaboration of synthesis map, integrating Topograpic Wetness Index (TWI), Length Slope (LS), Water Table and Soils; and the evaluation of legal restriction of the area uses according with Resolution No 5/2014 of Environmental State Council. The evaluations showed only 4 FDA of Aparecida de Goiânia, Bela Vista de Goiás, Trindade and Senador Canedo Counties obtained LQI greater than 8.01 and they were considered as a sanitary landfills. Most areas has moderate vulnerability and the other areas range between low and very low. Only 4 areas are free of legal restriction of use: Inhumas, Bonfinópolis, Bela Vista de Goiás and Hidrolândia; 2 are subject to agreement: Santo Antônio de Goiás and Brazabrantes; and the other 14 are restricted areas. From the hierarchical structure of the 3 combined and weighted evaluation criteria for each of the 20 alternative-areas, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was performed, which ordered Guapo as the most priority and lastly, Hydrolandia County. The decision about the future of each area indicates in ascending order that the following 14 FDA: Guapó, Caldazinha, Nova Veneza, Caturaí, Nerópolis, Aparecida de Goiânia, Trindade, Senador Canedo, Goianira, Goianápolis, Terezópolis de Goiás, Aragoiânia, Abadia de Goiás e Goiânia, should to be closed and recovered. On the other hand, the FDA´s of Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazabrantes, Inhumas, Bonfinópolis and Hidrolândia may continue to dispose their wastes since the elaboration and approval of sanitary landfill projects, as determined by the respective Environmental Agency. The FDA of Bela Vista de Goiás will be able to continue as a sanitary landfill. Finally, possible scenarios were indicated for the final disposal future of the MSW of MRG by sending preferably to the 4 shared landfills pointed by the Solid Waste State Plan, private landfill or manual trench landfill for counties with the generation less than 10 tonnes/day, together with the search of new solutions for final destination. It was concluded that not all landfill considered sanitary can continue its activities due to the environmental fragility of the area and non-compliance with the restrictions imposed by the legislation. / Uma das grandes preocupações com os resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) é o risco de degradação das áreas de disposição final (ADF), visto que muitos aterros instalados como sanitários, em Goiás, voltaram à condição de lixão (MP-GO, 2012) e porque as normas técnicas não adotam os conceitos mais recentes de geotecnia ambiental (JUCÁ, 2003). É preciso avaliar as ADF de RSU e estabelecer os critérios de priorização para reabilitação a fim de se decidir acerca do futuro das mesmas. A pesquisa objetivou a proposição de um processo decisório multicriterial para a reabilitação de áreas de disposição final de RSU na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG). A RMG, composta por 20 municípios, foi escolhida por ser responsável pela geração de 46,85 % do total de 4.088,23 t/dia de RSU de Goiás (SECIMA, 2014b). Foram realizadas 3 avaliações nas 20 áreas: avaliação da qualidade da disposição final, por meio do Índice de Qualidade de Aterros (IQA) (FARIA, 2002); avaliação da vulnerabilidade ambiental, com aelaboração de mapa síntese integrando os fatores Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) e Length Slope (LS), a profundidade do lençol freático e o mapa de solos; e a avaliação da restrição legal de uso das áreas conforme Resolução No 5/2014 do Conselho Estadual do Meio Ambiente. As avaliações mostraram que apenas as 4 ADF, de Aparecida de Goiânia, Bela Vista de Goiás, Trindade e Senador Canedo, obtiveram IQA maiores que 8,01 e foram consideradas como aterros sanitários. A maioria das áreas possuem moderada vulnerabilidade e as demais variam de muito baixa a baixa. Somente 4 estão livres de restrição legal: Inhumas, Bonfinópolis, Bela Vista de Goiás e Hidrolândia; 2 estão sujeitas à anuência: Santo Antônio de Goiás e Brazabrantes; e as 14 restantes são áreas restritas. A partir da estruturação hieráquica dos 3 critérios de avaliação combinados e ponderados sobre cada uma das 20 áreas-alternativas, foi procedida a Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP) a qual ordenou Guapó como a mais prioritária e por último Hidrolândia. A decisão do futuro de cada área indicou em ordem crescente que 14 ADF: Guapó, Caldazinha, Nova Veneza, Caturaí, Nerópolis, Aparecida de Goiânia, Trindade, Senador Canedo, Goianira, Goianápolis, Terezópolis de Goiás, Aragoiânia, Abadia de Goiás e Goiânia, devem ser encerradas e recuperadas. Já as ADF de Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazabrantes, Inhumas, Bonfinópolis e Hidrolândia poderão continuar dispondo resíduos desde que elaborados e aprovados projetos de adequação em aterros sanitários conforme determinações do respectivo Órgão Ambiental. Já a ADF de Bela Vista de Goiás poderá continuar como aterro sanitário. Por fim, foram indicados cenários possíveis para a disposição final futura dos RSU da RMG por meio de envio preferencial a 4 aterros compartilhados apontados pelo Plano Estadual de Resíduos Sólidos, aterro privado ou instalação de aterros por vala para municípios com geração menor que 10 t/dia, juntamente com a busca de novas soluções de destinação final. Concluiu-se que nem toda ADF considerada aterro sanitário, pode continuar suas atividades devido à fragilidade ambiental da área e ao não atendimento das restrições impostas pela legislação.

nÃo hà / A destinaÃÃo final dos resÃduos sÃlidos urbanos à um tema que necessita de mais anÃlise e à tÃpico fundamental na gestÃo urbana de resÃduos sÃlidos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a proposta de ampliaÃÃo vertical do Aterro Metropolitano Oeste de Caucaia (ASMOC) no ano de 2008. Como mÃtodo de pesquisa realizou-se revisÃo bibliogrÃfica, documental e pesquisa de campo. Diante dos valores obtidos na anÃlise pode-se observar que Fortaleza possui uma geraÃÃo de resÃduos relevante no valor de 3.000t/dia restando cinco anos de vida Ãtil. Propondo a junÃÃo das cÃlulas seladas aproveitando a rua entre elas e elevando-as mais trinta metros pode-se aproveitar um volume de 5,5 bilhÃes mÂ. Analisando os dados conclui-se que esse mÃtodo pode aumentar a vida Ãtil do aterro por mais trÃs anos. Por meio dos resultados, pode-se inferir que por conta da quantidade de resÃduos recebidos no ASMOC, à necessÃria a implantaÃÃo de aÃÃes que visem a reduÃÃo, reutilizaÃÃo e reciclagem como estratÃgias para minimizar a quantidade de lixo, bem como aÃÃes de educaÃÃo ambiental / The final destination of the urban solid waste is a theme that needs more analysis and it is a fundamental topic in urban management of solid waste. This research had as an objective to analyze the proposal of vertical enlargement of the Aterro Metropolitano Oeste de Caucaia (ASMOC) in the year of 2008. As a research method were used the bibliographical revision, documental revision and field research. From the data gathered from the analysis we could perceive that Fortaleza possess a relevant production of waste in the amount of 3.000t/day, having five years of expected life span. Proposing to put together sealed cells using the street between them and elevating them thirty meters we could acquire a volume of 5,5 billions m3. Analyzing the data we can conclude that this method can increase the life span of the landfill for more three years. From the results we can infer that from the amount of waste placed in the ASMOC itâs necessary the implementation of actions that focus on the reduction, reutilization and recycling as strategies to minimize the amount of waste, as well as actions of environmental education

Essa dissertação analisa a questão dos resíduos sólidos na região metropolitana de São Paulo. O estudo parte de uma recomposição histórica dos serviços de limpeza pública e das características das diversas soluções para o destino final do lixo. Em seguida, realizamos uma extensa pesquisa empírica junto às administrações municipais, de forma a levantar a situação dos serviços de coleta e especialmente das soluções de destino final. A pesquisa mostra uma crescente dificuldade na definição de novas áreas para destino final pelas restrições espaciais para esse uso, considerando-se o processo de urbanização. A investigação aponta como possível caminho para a solução de tal impasse, a gestão integrada para a operação de áreas de destino final comum para vários municípios. / This work analyzes the issue of solid waste in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The study is based on a historical reward from public cleaning services and the characteristics of the various solutions to the final destination of waste. After that, we carried out an extensive empirical research with the municipal administrations, in order to know the situation of the collection services and especially the solutions of final disposal. The survey shows a growing difficulty to defining areas for final disposal by spatial constraints for such use, according to urbanization process. The research points out as a solution of this deadlock, an integrated management for operation of final disposal common area for several municipalities.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-02-10T16:51:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao mestrado Ana Elisa Silveira GEOq UFF com capa.pdf: 4246210 bytes, checksum: 95f5beebc16f3b70dd8b55a52ca5f55e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T16:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao mestrado Ana Elisa Silveira GEOq UFF com capa.pdf: 4246210 bytes, checksum: 95f5beebc16f3b70dd8b55a52ca5f55e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica Ambiental. Niterói, RJ / O estudo testou o desempenho de um índice integrador do risco individual de contaminantes para avaliar o grau de risco de sedimentos dragados da Baía de Guanabara (BG) em ambiente eutrofizado de sedimentos anóxicos com mistura de poluentes. O estudo abordou o prognóstico do risco associado à dragagem, com disposição final em águas marinhas limpas e em áreas internas à BG. Os parâmetros/ indicadores geoquímicos analisados nos sedimentos de cada área foram: granulometria, COT, matéria orgânica, nutrientes (PT e NT) e metais pesados (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb e Zn). Esses parâmetros foram agregados através do uso de algoritmos/equações em um índice de risco potencial (RPT) – construído a partir de modificações/adaptações sobre o IREP de Hakanson -, medido para cada área e para os valores de referência (dos parâmetros considerados) expressos na legislação pertinente – Resolução CONAMA n. 454 de 2012. Portanto, o RPT calculado permitiu a sua comparação entre áreas e dessas com o RPT ‗legal‘. O algoritmo foi capaz de: (i) medir o risco potencial dos sedimentos (a estimativa do risco dos sedimentos dragados foi uma ordem maior ao dos sedimentos marinhos); (ii) hierarquizar áreas e o risco individual/ específico de contaminantes/ metais pesados (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb e Zn, o mercúrio foi 50-90% do risco total); (iii) caracterizar os principais processos naturais relacionados às dragagens (o RPT mostrou correlações positivas e significativas com os teores granulométricos de finos, com a MO, com a razão de bioprodução - RBP, e as concentrações dos metais pesados, demonstrando o papel da anoxia na retenção de metais nas áreas dragadas e a sua liberação nas áreas oceânicas); (iv) e, prognosticar os efeitos de sua mistura. A variação do risco, devido à transferência dos sedimentos das áreas dragadas para as áreas de disposição marinhas, ou do lançamento interno à baía, exige uma diluição do material dragado de 1:10 para atenuar o risco até o nível 1 (baixa probabilidade de efeito adverso à biota), e de 1:100 para manter as características originais da área controle de disposição marinha. Sendo assim, as áreas de disposição final com menor risco seriam àquelas das cavas naturais internas à BG. Neste estudo, a atenuação calculada pelo indicador é uma medida da "diluição de risco" dos processos biogeoquímicos e da hidrodinâmica nas áreas de disposição que podem liberar contaminantes na coluna de água e/ ou dispersar com os sedimentos. Assim, a disposição de sedimentos dragados da BG em áreas oceânicas representa uma transferência de risco e é contrária ao conceito de sustentabilidade. A aplicação do indicador de risco proposto para concentrações de contaminantes pode ser uma ferramenta importante na preparação e implantação de um plano diretor de dragagem, para ações de gestão (contemplando alternativas de disposição, reciclagem e usos benéficos) e na tomada de decisão. Desta forma, o índice proposto demonstra cumprir o seu papel de ser uma ferramenta prática e simples de gestão de áreas dragadas, uma vez que utiliza um pequeno número de variáveis representativas para classificação do risco, incorporando critérios da norma vigente. / The study tested the performance of an integrating index of the individual risk of contamination to assess the degree of risk of dredged sediments of Guanabara Bay (GB) in eutrophicated environment of anoxic sediments with a mixture of pollutants. The study addressed the risk of prognosis associated with dredging, with final disposal in clean open sea sites and areas in GB. The geochemical indicators parameters analyzed in sediments from each area were: grain size, TOC and organic matter, nutrients (TP and TN) and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn). These parameters were added through the use of algorithms / equations in a potential risk index (RPT) - built from modifications / adaptations of the IREP of Hakanson - measured for each area and the reference values (the parameters considered) according to Brazilian Standard - CONAMA no. 454/ 2012. Therefore, through the measured RPT it was possible to draw a comparison between areas and areas to legal RP. The algorithm was able to: (i) measure potential risk of the sediment (the estimated risk of dredged sediment was one order greater to the marine sediments); (ii) to rank areas and individual/ specific risk of contaminants/heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb e Zn, mercury was 50-90% of total risk); (iii) to characterize the main natural processes related to dredging (RPT showed positive and significant correlations with fine particles, with OM , with bioproduction ratio - RBP , and heavy metals , demonstrating the role of anoxia in retention metals in the dredged areas and in it release in ocean areas) ; (iv) and, to predict the mixture effects. The risk range due to the sediment transfer from the dredged areas to marine disposal sites, or to the GB estuarine areas requires a dilution of dredged material 1:10 to mitigate the risk to the level 1 (less likelihood of adverse effects to the biota), and 1: 100 to maintain the original features of marine disposal control area. The disposal areas with less risk would be the natural pits inside GB. In this study, the attenuation measure by this indicator is a measure of the " risk of dilution " of biogeochemical and hydrodynamic processes that can release contaminants in the water column and / or dispersing sediment in the dumping site. The disposal of dredged sediments from GB in oceanic areas represents a risk transfer and it is against sustainability concept. The application of proposed risk index for contaminant can be an important tool in a master plan preparation and implementation for dredging material management actions (considering available alternatives, recycling and beneficial uses) and decision-making. Thus, the proposed index shows fulfill its role of being a practical and simple tool for managing dredged areas, since it uses a small number of proxy data for risk classification, incorporating criteria of current standards.

Après deux années d'études sur les dolmens du Languedoc-Roussillon, nos recherches se sont orientées vers la reconnaissance des tumulus qui enserrent les chambres funéraires mégalithiques. Comment sont-ils construits, avec quels matériaux et quels moyens? Quelles sont leurs fonctions ? Peut-on dégager une typologie, des disparités/ressemblances géographiques et/ou culturelles ? Peut-on cerner leur évolution chronologique à travers la dynamique architecturale ? Au-delà de la reconnaissance des tumulus, il s’agit également d’étudier la périphérie de ces monuments, leur implantation dans le paysage et dans l’espace humanisé. Le peu d'informations scientifiquement utilisables sur ces structures implique la réalisation de nouvelles fouilles selon une méthodologie adaptée. Le cadre géographique global de cette recherche est le bassin ouest méditerranéen avec plusieurs fenêtres d'étude spécifiques recoupant les grandes zones de concentration du phénomène mégalithique : l’est des Pyrénées, les Garrigues héraultaises, le bassin du Salagou, la bordure méridionale des Grands-Causses. Huit dolmens ont été fouillés dans le cadre spécifique de ce travail. Nous proposons ainsi un modèle de compréhension de ce type de sites, du choix de leur implantation jusqu’à leur abandon en passant par leur construction et leur évolution. Ces nouvelles informations permettent de s'interroger sur les fonctions multiples qu’ont pu avoir ces monuments pour les sociétés de la fin du Néolithique et du début de l’âge du Bronze. / After two years of studies on Languedoc-Roussillon’s dolmens, our research is directed towards the recognition of tumuli which enclose the megalithic burial chambers. How are they built, with what materials and how? What are their functions? Can we identify a typology, differences / similarities geographical and/or cultural? Can we identify their chronological evolution through architectural dynamics? Beyond the recognition of the tumulus, it is also to investigate the periphery of these monuments, their location in the landscape and in the humanized space. The few scientific information usable on these structures involves the realization of new excavations with an appropriate methodology. The overall geographical framework of this research is the western Mediterranean basin with several specific study windows cutting across large areas of concentration of the megalithic phenomenon: the eastern Pyrenees, the Herault Garrigues, the Salagou basin, the southern edge of the Grands-Causses. Eight dolmens were excavated in the specific context of this work. We propose a model of understanding of sites of this type, from the choice of their location until their abandonment via their construction and development. This new informations allow to consider the multiple functions that these monuments have had for the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age societies

Le peuplement du Languedoc méditerranéen au cours des IVème et IIIème millénaires s’inscrit dans une dynamique environnementale marquée par l’emprise des agropasteurs sur le milieu naturel, dans un contexte climatique relativement stable. La longue histoire de la recherche sur les sociétés préhistoriques dans le Midi de la France, fait apparaître leshéritages dont bénéficient les travaux interdisciplinaires actuels et l’importante quantité de données en contexte stratigraphique sur laquelle s’appuient les connaissances. La définition des groupes culturels à partir de leurs productions matérielles et l’analyse des formes de l’habitat alimentent un questionnement en évolution permanente sur l’occupation du sol et la dynamique de peuplement. Cette réflexion conjugue la transformation radicale des échellesd’observation qui accompagne le développement de l’archéologie préventive avec un renouvellement méthodologique profond. Au croisement des données sur l’habitat, sur les espaces naturels et sur les productions matérielles et symboliques, de nouvelles perspectives s’offrent aux recherches portant sur les dernières sociétés néolithiques d’Europe. Des enregistrements de fouilles aux modèles socio-historiques en passant par l’évolution des milieux, l’archéologie du Néolithique final tente d’apporter une réponse aux interrogations touchant à la structure de la société et aux conditions qui provoquent la chute du peuplement à la fin du troisième millénaire en Languedoc. En décalage avec les modèles académiques, l’étude de la fin du Néolithique illustre des développements non linéaires, une variété géoculturelle, un recours à la violence et à l’échange de biens à des fins politiques et un effet gradué sur le milieu naturel. / Studies of populating of the Mediterranean Languedoc during the fourth and third millennia participate of a dynamic environment marked by the influence of agro-pastoralists on the natural environment. This action occurs in a relatively stable climate. The long history of research on prehistoric societies in southern France shows the various heritage from which benefit the current interdisciplinary work and also the large amount of data which are based on stratigraphic context knowledge. The housing environment, the territories, the cultural facts offer a frame for definition in ongoing changes about the population dynamics. This studies joint the radical change of the scales of observation it keeps pace with the development of the preventive archaeology, in he low plain of Languedoc, with an important change of the methodological practices. By taking into account the data on the housing environment, natural places and artefacts, this researches offert new perspectives about local and global change of last neolithic in Europe. Recordings of excavations to go to the sociohistoric models, we pass by the evolution of the environment, archaeologist try to bring an answer to the questioning touching the structure of the society and the conditions which cause the fall of the populating at the end of the third millennium in Languedoc. In contradiction with the academic thesis, the study of the end of the Neolithic show not linear developments, a variety géoculturelle, an a using of the violence and to the exchangein political purposes, and gradual effect on the natural environment.

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No description available.

The aim of this study is to assess to which extent the concept called the final girl can be applied to a character produced outside USA. To achieve this, I have used a Japanese film called Evil Dead Trap (Toshiharu Ikeda, 1988), where I have analyzed the character Nami and her relations to the conventions of the final girl. Some of the more common conventions are that the final girl do not engage in sex or use drugs such as cigarettes. The theoretical framework focuses on identifying and establishing the different conventions of the final girl by using two different researchers and their texts. The state of research was used to place the movie in a historical context. Because of this, the research used focused on Japanese horror cinema from the fifties to the nineties. When the framework was established, an analysis of the final girl was made. Throughout the analysis I saw that, apart from three exceptions, Nami followed the conventions of the final girl. The exceptions were that she did not survive the movie, she took drugs in the form of a cigarette and showed a lack of intellect when they arrived at the military base.

Sheep and goat formed the foundation of pastoral activity across the Central Asian steppe through the Bronze Age. Theories of pastoral activity have assumed that flocks were uniform in association with ethnic groups that crossed the steppe with new ceramic forms and technologies. This study investigated differences between flocks of sheep and goat across the eastern Kazakh steppe in the Late and Final Bronze Age to elucidate the potential for animal exchange and mobility. Geometric morphometric techniques were applied to archaeological astragali from Ovis aries and Capra hircus. The methods for measurement and analysis were carefully developed to control only for inherited characteristics that relate to environmentally driven adaptations in the movement of the hind limb. Efficiency of movement in this limb is tied to survival and reproductive success of animals. Specimens were selected from three archaeological sites located in different ecozones across the steppe to maximize ecological variability. Geometric morphometric results revealed that flocks of sheep exhibited unique astragalus morphology, indicating that crossbreeding and exchange did not occur between sites. These sites were also subjected to full zooarchaeological analyses to investigate variability of economic subsistence patterns. The total number of species as well as investigations into survival and skeletal body part representation revealed that each site had unique subsistence patterns that were related to local ecological resource availability, despite material culture links. This variability in subsistence patterns and flock uniformity indicate that animal trade was not a feature of steppe networks. Local lifeways were specific to small patches of the steppe, despite overarching shared material cultures.