Scheduling allocates scarce resources to activities such that certain constraints are satisfied and specific objectives are optimized. The activities to be executed are com- monly known or determined a priori in the planning stage. To improve the flexibility of scheduling systems, the concept of optional activities was invented. Optional activities are those activities whose presence in the resulting schedule is to be decided. Rather than determining which activities need to be executed and scheduling them in two consecu- tive phases, flexibility and efficiency can be improved significantly when both activity selection and time allocation are integrated within the same solver. Such an approach was implemented in a few Constraint Programming solvers and manifested great perfor- mance on multiple scheduling problems. In this thesis, we apply the concept of optional activities to scheduling problems that do not seem to involve optional activities, such as the production scheduling problem with sequence-dependent non-overlapping setups, but also on problems beyond the scheduling domain, such as the multi-agent path finding problem and its extension with weighted and capacitated arcs. 1

Předkládaná práce se zabývá problematikou navrhování membránových konstrukcí, a to především s ohledem na vývoj potřebných výpočetních nástrojů v rámci MKP programů. Po uvedení základních fyzikálních požadavků jednotlivých kroků při navrhování těchto konstrukcí budou dále prezentovány vybrané či navržené algoritmy. Kapitola form finding se zabývá analýzou tvaru membránových konstrukcí. Rovnovážný tvar je odvozen od požadavku na výsledné předpětí, specifikované okrajové podmínky a aplikované zatížení. Obecně se ale tento proces zabývá i samotným hledáním rovnovážné soustavy sil v prostoru. V důsledku této skutečnosti jsou součástí popisované analýzy také vhodné stabilizační metody. V této kapitole budou prezentovány jak zvolené postupy, tak i navržená stabilizační technika specializovaná na hledání tvarů kuželových membrán. Dále je také popsán navržený algoritmus pro řešení úloh optimalizujících tvary ohybově tuhých konstrukcí, které jsou spjaty s hledáním labilních rovnovážných konfigurací. Kapitola structural analysis je zaměřená především na fenomén vrásnění membrán. Tato náhlá ztráta stability silně ovlivňuje statickou i dynamickou odezvu membránových konstrukcí. V rámci této kapitoly je představena a verifikována navržená výpočetní metoda, modulárně aplikovatelná na lineární, nelineárně elastické i plastické materiály používané pro uvedené konstrukce. Kapitola cutting pattern generation se zabývá výpočtem střihových vzorů, nezbytných pro výrobní proces membránových konstrukcí. Pro tento proces je v rámci předkládané práce navržena kombinace dvou různých metod. Zvolená posloupnost algoritmů cílí na optimalizaci poměru rychlosti, obecnosti a přesnosti výpočtu. Zmíněné kapitoly jsou doplněny jednotlivými příklady, analyzovanými pomocí popisovaných algoritmů, které demonstrují konkrétní fyzikální problémy či nezbytné implementační procesy.

The master’s thesis deals with the design and realization of a program that is able to find the shortest route in the tourist map between selected points. The user can select the type of hiking trail. Application also generates terrain heightmap from contour lines and path elevation profile.

This master's thesis deals with the interest point detection in images. The main goal is to create an application for making panoramic photos, which is based on this detection. The application uses the SIFT detector for finding keypoints of the image. Afterwards the geometrical consistence of image points using the RANSAC algorithm is finds out and images are transform into panorama in accordance with this geometrical consistence. Finally techniques for blending of transition between photos are used.

Gene detection in DNA sequences is one of the most difficult problems, which have been currently solved in bioinformatics. This thesis deals with gene detection in DNA sequences with methods using Hidden Markov Models. It contains a brief description of the fundamental principles of molecular biology, explains how genetic information is stored in DNA sequences, as well as the theoretical basis of the Hidden Markov Models. Further is described subsequent approach in the design of specific Hidden Markov Models for solving the problem of gene detection in DNA sequences. Is designed and implemented application, which uses previously designed Hidden Markov model for gene detection. This application is tested on the real data, results of these tests are discussed in the end of the thesis, as well as the possible extension and continuation of the project.

The aim of this thesis is the design of curved footbridge across the river Bečva. Curved footbridge consists of a supporting steel arch, which brings the steel struts to the steel arch under the concrete deck. The steel arch with crosspieces is coupled with concrete deck using the coupling pins. The deck is formed from reinforced concrete. Structural model is carried out in a computer program ANSYS. The structural design is handled in accordance with applicable European standards. The design considers pedestrians load and temperature effects.

Der Aufenthaltsort eines mobilen Benutzers stellt eine wichtige Information für Anwendungen aus den Bereichen Mobile Computing, Wearable Computing oder Ubiquitous Computing dar. Ist ein mobiles Endgerät in der Lage, die aktuelle Position des Benutzers zu bestimmen, kann diese Information von der Anwendung berücksichtigt werden -- man spricht dabei allgemein von ortsbezogenen Anwendungen. Eng verknüpft mit dem Begriff der ortsbezogenen Anwendung ist der Begriff des ortsbezogenen Dienstes. Hierbei handelt es sich beispielsweise um einen Dienst, der Informationen über den aktuellen Standort übermittelt. Mittlerweile werden solche Dienste kommerziell eingesetzt und erlauben etwa, dass ein Reisender ein Hotel, eine Tankstelle oder eine Apotheke in der näheren Umgebung findet. Man erwartet, nicht zuletzt durch die Einführung von LTE, ein großes Potenzial ortsbezogener Anwendungen für die Zukunft. Das jährlich stattfindende Fachgespräch "Ortsbezogene Anwendungen und Dienste" der GI/ITG-Fachgruppe Kommunikation und Verteilte Systeme hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, aktuelle Entwicklungen dieses Fachgebiets in einem breiten Teilnehmerkreis aus Industrie und Wissenschaft zu diskutieren. Der vorliegende Konferenzband fasst die Ergebnisse des neunten Fachgesprächs zusammen. / The location of a mobile user poses an important information for applications in the scope of Mobile Computung, Wearable Computing and Ubiquitous Computing. If a mobile device is able to determine the current location of its user, this information may be taken into account by an application. Such applications are called a location-based applications. Closely related to location-based applications are location-based services, which for example provides the user informations about his current location. Meanwhile such services are deployed commercially and enable travelers for example to find a hotel, a petrol station or a pharmacy in his vicinity. It is expected, not least because of the introduction of LTE, a great potential of locations-based applications in the future. The annual technical meeting "Location-based Applications and Services" of the GI/ITG specialized group "Communication and Dsitributed Systems" targets to discuss current evolutions in a broad group of participants assembling of industrial representatives and scientists. The present proceedings summarizes the result of the 9th annual meeting.

The study sought to develop a framework for access and use of documentary heritage at the National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ). This followed the realization that access and use is the raison d'être for national archival institutions yet the level of utilization has for a long time been lamented to be low. The researcher therefore took a holistic approach and investigated the issues of bibliographic, intellectual and physical access to archives. Using a grounded theory research approach framed within the constructivism ontology and the interpretivism epistemological research paradigm, this study employed the observation technique, interviews and content analysis to collect the empirical evidence that was needed to develop a framework for access and use of the documentary heritage in the custody of NAZ. The study extensively discussed the methodological issues involved in the study as grounded theory is a rarely used approach in Information Science studies. An extensive discussion was therefore offered to enable readers to follow and appreciate how the not so common approach was actually employed. The findings of the study showed that the position of NAZ as a public information resource centre was threatened by many obstacles that were compromising the accessibility and use of the documentary heritage in its custody. Such hindrances included the absence of a national policy on access to public archives, the absence of an institutional access policy, the absence of a standing committee on access and use of archives, lack of a budget, increasing backlogs of unprocessed archives, misconstrued public perception, the absence of special facilities for the physically challenged, centralised access to archives, access restrictions placed by legal instruments as well as limited use of digital technology, no use of the print media and Web 2.0 technologies. Using the findings of the study, the researcher offered a framework for enhanced access and use of archives to serve as a baseline on which archivists may reflect and improve on their practices. / Information Science

Working with problems and making investigations is an activity one has to learn already very early. Therefore in primary school children should not only learn concepts and solve given tasks. They also should find out knowledge and reasons by themselves. Here you will find some problem fields in elementary arithmetic within children of primary school can make different investigations and find as well as give reasons for special statements. The topics concerned are partitions of numbers, sums of consecutive numbers, figured numbers, sequences and chains, table of hundred and numberwalls.

Les essais cliniques de phase I en cancérologie permettent d’identifier la dose optimale (DO), définie comme la dose maximale tolérée (DMT). Les approches conventionnelles de recherche de dose reposent uniquement sur les événements de toxicité observés au cours du premier cycle de traitement. Le développement des thérapies moléculaires ciblées (TMC), habituellement administrées sur de longues périodes, a remis en question cet objectif. Considérer uniquement le premier cycle de traitement n’est pas suffisant. De plus, comme l'activité n'augmente pas nécessairement de façon monotone avec la dose, la toxicité et l'activité doivent être prises en compte pour identifier la DO. Récemment, les biomarqueurs continus sont de plus en plus utilisés pour mesurer l'activité.L’objectif de cette thèse était de proposer et d'évaluer des designs adaptatifs pour identifier la DO. Nous avons développé deux designs de recherche de dose, basés sur une modélisation conjointe des mesures longitudinales de l'activité des biomarqueurs et de la première toxicité dose-limitante (DLT), avec un effet aléatoire partagé. En utilisant des propriétés de distribution normales asymétriques, l'estimation reposait sur la vraisemblance sans approximation ce qui est une propriété importante dans le cas de petits échantillons qui sont souvent disponibles dans ces essais. La DMT est associée à un certain risque cumulé de DLT sur un nombre prédéfini de cycles de traitement. La DO a été définie comme la dose la moins toxique parmi les doses actives, sous la contrainte de ne pas dépasser la DMT. Le second design étendait cette approche pour les cas d’une relation dose-activité qui pouvait atteindre un plateau. Un modèle à changement de pente a été implémenté. Nous avons évalué les performances des designs avec des études de simulations en étudiant plusieurs scénarios et divers degrés d'erreur de spécification des modèles.Finalement, nous avons effectué une analyse de 27 études des TMCs de phase I, en tant que monothérapie. Les études ont été réalisées par l'Institut National du Cancer. L'objectif principal était d'estimer le risque par cycle et l’incidence cumulative de la toxicité sévère, jusqu’à six cycles. Les analyses ont été effectuées séparément pour différents sous-groupes de doses, ainsi que pour les toxicités hématologiques et non-hématologiques. / Conventional dose-finding approaches in oncology of phase I clinical trials aim to identify the optimal dose (OD) defined as the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), based on the toxicity events observed during the first treatment cycle. The constant development of molecularly targeted agents (MTAs), usually administered in chronic schedules, has challenged this objective. Not only, the outcomes after the first cycle are of importance, but also activity does not necessarily increase monotonically with dose. Therefore, both toxicity and activity should be considered for the identification of the OD. Lately, continuous biomarkers are used more and more to monitor activity. The aim of this thesis was to propose and evaluate adaptive designs for the identification of the OD. We developed two dose-finding designs, based on a joint modeling of longitudinal continuous biomarker activity measurements and time to first dose limiting toxicity (DLT), with a shared random effect, using skewed normal distribution properties. Estimation relied on likelihood that did not require approximation, an important property in the context of small sample sizes, typical of phase I/II trials. We addressed the important case of missing at random data that stem from unacceptable toxicity, lack of activity and rapid deterioration of phase I patients. The MTD was associated to some cumulative risk of DLT over a predefined number of treatment cycles. The OD was defined as the lowest dose within a range of active doses, under the constraint of not exceeding the MTD. The second design extended this approach for cases of a dose-activity relationship that could reach a plateau. A change point model was implemented. The performance of the approaches was evaluated through simulation studies, investigating a wide range of scenarios and various degrees of data misspecification. As a last part, we performed an analysis of 27 phase I studies of MTAs, as monotherapy, conducted by the National Cancer Institut. The primary focus was to estimate the per-cycle risk and the cumulative incidence function of severe toxicity, over up to six cycles. Analyses were performed separately for different dose subgroups, as well as for hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities.