År 2014, var kläder och skor två av de varukategorier som resulterade i flest transaktioner online, i Sverige. Till följd av att e-handeln växer, behöver företag inom modeindustrin utveckla sin visual merchandising online, så att den är lika effektiv som i fysiska butiker. De amerikanska forskarna Ha, Kwon och Lennon (2007) utvecklade i en studie en taxonomi där de undersökte visual merchandsing-element på den koreanska och amerikanska e-handelsmarknaden. Syftet med denna studie är att testa den taxonomi som Ha et al. (2007) utvecklade, på e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden. Resultatet jämförs med den tidigare studien av Ha et al. (2007), följaktligen e-handelssidor på den koreanska och amerikanska marknaden. Detta utförs genom att undersöka om de visual merchandsing-element som Ha et al. (2007) identifierade återfinns på e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden, samt om det finns nya visual merchandising-element som kan identifieras på e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden. Som metod användes en innehållsanalys där online visual merchandsing-teman studerades på 50 e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden. De teman, med underliggande element, som analyserades var navigering, e-handelsmiljön och produktpresentation. Utöver dessa teman lades ytterligare ett tema till, från en studie gjord av Park och Stoel (2002); information. Flertalet andra element observerades som inte fanns med i den tidigare taxonomin av Ha et al. (2007) och dessa adderades till studien. Resultatet visade att vissa av elementen inom online visual merchandsing på den svenska marknaden skiljde sig från de resultat Ha et al. (2007) presenterade i sin studie / In 2014, apparel and shoes was two of the product categories that resulted in most transactions online in Sweden. As a result of the growing interest in e-commerce, companies in the fashion industry needs to develop visual merchandising strategies that can function just as well online as the ones in physical stores. In a study made by the American researchers Ha, Kwon and Lennon (2007), a taxonomy was developed in order to examine visual merchandising elements of apparel retail websites in Korea and The US. The purpose of this study is to test the taxonomy created by Ha et al. (2007) on websites targeted at the Swedish market This will be done by addressing the questions at issue; to examine if the visual merchandising elements that Ha et al. (2007) identified can be found on the web sites in this study and to examine whether there are new elements to identify on the web sites targeted at the Swedish market. A content analysis was used to examine online visual merchandising-themes on 50 Swedish e-commerce sites. The themes analysed, with underlying elements, was environment, manner of presentation, path finding. In addition to these themes another one was added from a study made by Park and Stoel (2002), information. During the analysis several elements that was not included in the previous studies was discovered. These were also added to the taxonomy developed in this study. The findings of the study showed that some of the online visual merchandsing-elements differed on the Swedish market compared to previous studies. Also as mentioned, the taxonomy was further developed. This thesis will henceforth be written in Swedish.

The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic facial feature extraction system, which is able to identify the detailed shape of eyes, eyebrows and mouth from facial images. The developed system not only extracts the location information of the features, but also estimates the parameters pertaining the contours and parts of the features using parametric deformable templates approach. In order to extract facial features, deformable models for each of eye, eyebrow, and mouth are developed. The development steps of the geometry, imaging model and matching algorithms, and energy functions for each of these templates are presented in detail, along with the important implementation issues. In addition, an eigenfaces based multi-scale face detection algorithm which incorporates standard facial proportions is implemented, so that when a face is detected the rough search regions for the facial features are readily available. The developed system is tested on JAFFE (Japanese Females Facial Expression Database), Yale Faces, and ORL (Olivetti Research Laboratory) face image databases. The performance of each deformable templates, and the face detection algorithm are discussed separately.

Working with problems and making investigations is an activity one has to learn already very early. Therefore in primary school children should not only learn concepts and solve given tasks. They also should find out knowledge and reasons by themselves. Here you will find some problem fields in elementary arithmetic within children of primary school can make different investigations and find as well as give reasons for special statements. The topics concerned are partitions of numbers, sums of consecutive numbers, figured numbers, sequences and chains, table of hundred and numberwalls.

本研究先藉由文獻分析法瞭解擴散性思考、數學問題發現與數學學業成就三者的內涵，繼而依據它們的內涵並佐以學習、問題解決的角度，建立起三者間關係的假設，並透過實證調查研究法來驗證這些假設。本研究之研究對象為台北縣市五所國中的318位國三學生，研究工具為「新編創造思考測驗」、「數學問題發現測驗」、「第一次數學科基本學力測驗」，並以次數統計、集群分析、相關分析、變異數分析、逐步迴歸分析進行資料分析。本研究主要的研究結果如下： 一、學生能夠發現各種思考產物類型與數學類型的問題。其中，關係性問題與發現性問題最多人提出，而單位性、類別性與驗證性問題則較少人提出。 二、學生的數學問題發現型態有個別差異。 三、擴散性思考與數學問題發現間為顯著中低度相關。 四、擴散性思考與數學學業成就多為顯著中低度相關。 五、數學問題發現與數學學業成就間為顯著中低度相關。 六、能問大量且層次高數學問題的學生其數學學業成就比較不會問數學問題的學生為佳。 七、擴散性思考之流暢力、數學學業成就、擴散性思考之變通力可以有效預測數學問題發現之問題數。 八、擴散性思考之流暢力、數學學業成就、擴散性思考之變通力可以有效預測數學問題發現之問題獨特性。 九、數學學業成就與擴散性思考之流暢力可以有效預測數學問題發現之問題品質。 十、數學問題發現之問題品質、數學問題發現之問題數可以有效預測數學學業成就。 本研究最後針對數學教育以及未來研究提出若干具體建議。 / First, this study probed into the contents of divergent thinking, mathematical problem finding, and mathematical achievement by literature review. Then the researcher made hypotheses of the relationships between divergent thinking, mathematical problem finding, and mathematical achievement based on the contents of them and the views of learning and problem solving, and designed survey research to examine these hypotheses. The subjects were 318 9th grade students from five junior high schools in Taipei county and Taipei city. The data- collection instruments included：(a) New Creativity Test; (b) Mathematical Problem Finding Test; (c) Basic Educational Indicator Tests of Mathematics. After utilizing frequency, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and stepwise regression, the main results of this investigation are：(a) Students can find problems of all kinds of intellectual products and mathematics. Among them, problems of relations and problems to find were found most and problems of units and classes and problems to prove were found least ; (b) There are individual differences between mathematical problem finding styles; (c) The correlations between divergent thinking and mathematical problem finding are significantly positive; (d) Most of the correlations between divergent thinking and mathematical achievement are significantly positive; (e) The correlations between mathematical problem finding and mathematical achievement are significantly positive; (f) Students who can finds many high-level problems have higher mathematical achievement than those who can not; (g) Fluency of divergent thinking, mathematical achievement, and flexibility of divergent thinking can be used to predict the number of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (h) Fluency of divergent thinking, mathematical achievement, and flexibility of divergent thinking can be used to predict the rarity of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (i) Mathematical achievement and fluency of divergent thinking can be used to predict the quality of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (j) The quality of problems and the number of problems can be used to predict mathematical achievement effectively. Finally, the researcher brings up some suggestions on mathematical education and the future research.

This thesis describes new gene finding methods for eukaryotic gene prediction. The current methods for deriving model parameters for gene prediction algorithms are based on curated or experimentally validated set of genes or gene elements. These training sets often require time and additional expert efforts especially for the species that are in the initial stages of genome sequencing. Unsupervised training allows determination of model parameters from anonymous genomic sequence with. The importance and the practical applicability of the unsupervised training is critical for ever growing rate of eukaryotic genome sequencing. Three distinct training procedures are developed for diverse group of eukaryotic species. GeneMark-ES is developed for species with strong donor and acceptor site signals such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The second version of the algorithm, GeneMark-ES-2, introduces enhanced intron model to better describe the gene structure of fungal species with posses with relatively weak donor and acceptor splice sites and well conserved branch point signal. GeneMark-LE, semi-supervised training approach is designed for eukaryotic species with small number of introns. The results indicate that the developed unsupervised training methods perform well as compared to other training methods and as estimated from the set of genes supported by EST-to-genome alignments. Analysis of novel genomes reveals interesting biological findings and show that several candidates of under-annotated and over-annotated fungal species are present in the current set of annotated of fungal genomes.

The aim of this study is to gain insight into how experienced children’s choir conductors work with the development of voices in the elementary school age. The work primarily focuses on aspects of vocal production such as finding and matching pitch, intonation, tone quality, resonance and falsetto singing. Because of the inherent complex nature of singing, the work also to some extent covers other aspects of choir singing such as breath, posture and organisation. Three experienced Swedish choir directors were interviewed with a qualitative method. The results show that the directors’ methods were similar, emphasizing good voice quality of the director, high registry singing, and enhancing listening skills over detailed work with resonance and tone quality. The results also show that the choir directors were coherent with and to some extent relied on the same method literature that forms the backbone of this work. This study brings to light what methods are used by todays children’s choir directors and further underscores the relevance of existing literature. / Uppsatsens syfte är att ge inblick i hur erfarna körledare arbetar med röstutveckling hos barn i lågstadieåldern. De huvudsakliga områden som undersöks är körledarnas arbete med tonträffning, intonation, tonkvalitet, resonans och huvudklang. På grund av körsångens komplexa natur avhandlar arbetet även i viss mån övriga aspekter såsom andning, hållning och organisering av kören. Uppsatsen bygger på material från tre kvalitativa intervjuer med erfarna körledare. Resultatet visar att de tre körledarna använder sig av likartade metoder. Samtliga betonar vikten av att körledaren själv har en god röstkvalitet, att körsången sker i ett högt register anpassat till barnens röster och att körundervisningen bör fokusera på gehörsutveckling snarare än detaljarbete med resonans och tonkvalitet. Resultatet visar även att körledarnas metoder till stor del överensstämde med och i viss mån även utgick ifrån de källor som tas upp i uppsatsens litteraturkapitel. Uppsatsen visar på vilka metoder som används av erfarna barnkörledare och understryker även relevansen av den befintliga litteraturen i ämnet.

[pt] A maioria dos métodos e algoritmos para estimação de direção é pouco precisa em cenários formados por fontes próximas, pequenos lotes de amostras e sinais correlatados. Nos últimos anos, alguns métodos para superar tais óbices utilizaram conhecimento prévio de direções de sinais oriundos de usuários estáticos. Porém, este conceito está limitado a direções de chegada conhecidas. Esta tese apresenta várias contribuições para superar os problemas mencionados anteriormente. Introduz-se um novo conceito de conhecimento a priori aplicado à estimação de direção, substituindo-se as tradicionais direções de chegada disponíveis por estimativas preliminares obtidas on-line. Tal ideia é incorporada aos algoritmos propostos e suas extensões. Também é introduzido um conceito para a estimação da matriz de covariância de dados reduzindo-se iterativamente os seus subprodutos que ocorrem na região finita de amostras. Esta abordagem é complementada por uma análise da matriz de covariância modificada, que mostra que, após a primeira iteração, o Mean Squared Error (MSE) da matriz de covariância de dados livre desses subprodutos é menor ou igual ao MSE da matriz de covariância de dados original. Combinando-se os dois conceitos anteriormente descritos, obtém-se um novo método denominado Multi-Step Knowledge-Aided Iterative (MS-KAI) que eleva a precisão de algoritmos existentes. Inicialmente, o método MS-KAI é usado com Uniform linear Arrays (ULAs) e é combinado com o algoritmo Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques, resultando no algoritmo proposto MS-KAI-ESPRIT. O método é então ampliado para uso com um número arbitrário de iterações e combinado com o algoritmo Gradiente Conjugado, resultando no algoritmo MS-KAI-CG. Finalmente, ele é usado com arranjos aninhados e combinado com o algoritmo Multiple Signal Classification, resultando no algoritmo proposto MS-KAI-MUSIC. Simulações mostram que o método MS-KAI eleva a precisão de algoritmos baseados em subespaços, empregando modelos de sinais baseados em ULAs e non-ULAs. / [en] Most conventional methods and algorithms for direction finding suffer from poor accuracy when subjected to scenarios characterized by closely spaced sources, short data records and correlated source signals. In the last few years, some approaches to overcoming these problems have exploited prior knowledge of signal directions coming from static users. However, this concept is restricted to known directions of arrival. This thesis presents several contributions to dealing with the aforementioned problems. A novel concept of a priori knowledge applied to direction finding is first presented, which replaces the traditional available known DOAs so far employed with previous estimates obtained on line. This idea is then incorporated into the proposed algorithms and their extensions. Another approach is also introduced to estimating the data covariance matrix by iteratively reducing its by-products, which occurs in the finite sample region. This concept is complemented by a reshaped covariance matrix analysis, which shows that after the first iteration the Mean Squared Error of the data covariance matrix free of these side effects is less than or equal to the MSE of the original one. A novel method, termed Multi-Step Knowledge-Aided Iterative (MS-KAI), for increasing the accuracy of existing algorithms based on the combination of the previous concepts is then developed. The MS-KAI method is initially employed with Uniform Linear Arrays (ULAs) and is combined with the Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques algorithm, resulting in the proposed MS-KAI-ESPRIT algorithm. Then, MS-KAI is extended for use with an arbitrary number of iterations and combined with the Conjugate Gradient algorithm, resulting in the MSKAI- CG algorithm. Finally, the MS-KAI method is considered with nested arrays and combined with the Multiple Signal Classification algorithm, resulting in the proposed MS-KAI-MUSIC algorithm. Simulation results show that MS-KAI method enhances the accuracy of subspace based algorithms employing ULA and non-ULA based system models.

De nos jours, il existe de nombreuses antennes de radiogoniométrie UHF large bande ou multibandes, néanmoins très peu d’entre elles permettent une couverture angulaire 3D. A notre connaissance, la première antenne de radiogoniométrie 3D fût étudiée dans les années 1960, par une équipe de l’université du Michigan. Composée de 17 capteurs positionnés sur une surface hémisphérique, sa taille et son nombre d’éléments en font un dispositif encombrant et complexe à utiliser. De récentes études ont proposé une autre approche basée sur la mesure multicomposante du champ électromagnétique, permettant de réduire la taille des antennes et le nombre d’éléments tout en conservant une couverture angulaire 3D. Cependant, à ce jours, seul des systèmes HF (3MHz-30MHz) ou bande étroite ont été abordés. Cette thèse porte donc sur l’étude et le développement d’une antenne vectorielle UHF multibande appliquée à la radiogoniométrie 3D pour des ondes transverses magnétiques. Tout d’abord, deux techniques de goniométrie adaptées à cette approche sont confrontées : une nouvelle technique basée sur la décomposition en harmonique sphérique du rayonnement de l’antenne qui permet de recomposer le champ électromagnétique reçu à partir d’échantillons mesurés et un algorithme bien connu, MUSIC. Une méthodologie de conception est proposée, en identifiant les critères physiques des antennes vectorielles qui influent sur leurs performances à savoir la précision d’estimation, la sensibilité, le nombre d’éléments et l’encombrement. Cette méthode est utilisée pour développer et réaliser une première antenne vectorielle monobande. La caractérisation de cette antenne réaliste permet d’écarter la première technique de traitement dont les performances sont trop sensibles aux perturbations de rayonnement. Une antenne vectorielle bibande compacte, d’un rayon de λ/4 et d’une hauteur de λ/5.5 à la fréquence la plus basse, composée de seulement six éléments rayonnants couvrant chacun les bandes de fréquences GSM [890MHz-960MHz] et [1710MHZ-1880MHz] est ensuite développée en se basant sur cette méthode de conception. Les capteurs électriques et magnétiques constituant l’antenne sont étudiés séparément puis assemblés selon une répartition spatiale planaire pour restreindre l’encombrement. Les structures rayonnantes sont communes pour les deux bandes de fréquences ce qui permet réduire le nombre d’éléments ainsi que les éventuelles perturbations de rayonnement. Après la caractérisation de l’antenne bibande au travers de simulations numériques, un prototype est réalisé et ses performances d’estimation sont mesurées en chambre anéchoïque afin de valider l’approche par simulation. La sensibilité obtenue est de -110dBW/m² (85μV/m) pour une précision de 5° RMS. Enfin l’étude est élargie au cas général d’antennes multibandes en illustrant le processus d’extension de la couverture fréquentielle par l’ajout d’une troisième bande, [400MHz-430MHz]. Six nouveaux éléments sont donc développés et intégrés aux capteurs GSM existants afin d’obtenir une antenne tribande d’un rayon de λ/3.2 et d’une hauteur de λ/12.5 à 400MHz. Malgré une légère augmentation de l’erreur d’estimation, causée par la présence de ces nouveaux éléments, la caractérisation de cette nouvelle antenne tribande montre de bonnes performances d’estimation avec une sensibilité de -105dBW/m² (155μV/m) pour une précision de 5° RMS. / Nowadays, a lot of wideband or multiband direction finding antennas operating in the UHF band exist. Nevertheless, only few of them allow to estimate the direction of arrival in the full 3D space. At the author’s knowledge, the first 3D direction finding antenna was studied in the 1960s, at the University of Michigan. Composed of 17 sensors, located on a large hemispherical surface, this antenna is bulky and complex to use. Recently, some studies have proposed another approach based on the multicomponent measurement of the electromagnetic field that allows to decrease the antennas size and the number of radiating elements without reducing the 3D angular coverage. However, only HF (3-30MHz) or narrowband systems have been reported. The objective of this PhD is to study and to develop an UHF multiband vector sensor applied to the estimation of the direction of arrival of transverse magnetic waves in the full 3D space. Firstly, two signal processing techniques adapted to this approach are compared : a new technique based on the spherical harmonic decomposition of the antenna radiation which allows to recompose the received electromagnetic field from the measured samples and a well-known high resolution algorithm called MUSIC. A design methodology allowing to identify the physical criteria of vector sensors related to the antenna performances such as the estimation accuracy, the sensitivity, the number of elements and the antenna size is proposed. This method is used for developing and designing a first single-band vector sensor. The results obtained from numerical simulations allow to rule out the first signal processing technique which is too sensitive to the radiation perturbations. Then, a compact dual-band vector sensor operating in the GSM frequency band, [890MHz-960MHz] and [1710MHZ-1880MHz], is developed by using the same design methodology. The antenna size is λ/4 in radius and λ/5.5 in height at the lowest frequency. The electric and magnetic elements which compose the vector sensors are designed separately and then combined according to a planar spatial distribution to retain a compact antenna size. The same radiating structures are used for operating in the two frequency bands in order to reduce the number of elements and the eventual radiation perturbations. After the performances assessment through numerical simulations in each band, a prototype is manufactured and its estimation performances are measured for a validation purpose. The sensitivity is -110dBW.m−2 (85μV.m−1) for a 5◦ RMS angular accuracy. Finally, the study is extended to the general case of multiband antennas by adding a third band, [400MHz-430MHz]. New elements are developed and incorporated into the dual-band GSM sensors to obtain a tri-band vector sensor. The size of this new antenna is λ/3.2 in radius and λ/12.5 in height at 400MHz. Despite a slight increase of the angular errors in the estimation of the direction of arrival caused by the presence of the new antenna elements, the characterization of the tri-band sensor performances by simulation show a good accuracy with a sensitivity valued at -105dBW.m−2 (155μV.m−1) for a 5◦ RMS angular accuracy.

Brasil, país das águas. Este é um pensamento que pode levar a uma despreocupação quanto à conservação da água. Sim, o Brasil possui grandes bacias hidrográficas, mas, por outro lado, possui também regiões que apresentam graves crises de abastecimento. A região amazônica, com apenas 5% da população brasileira, armazena 80% do volume de água de todo o território nacional, enquanto grande parte da população concentra-se nas grandes cidades, exigindo um volume de água cada vez maior. A medição individualizada em edifícios residenciais apresenta-se como um dos meios importantes para combater o desperdício, controlar e reduzir o consumo de água. Este trabalho procura mostrar a medição individualizada como um sistema justo que permite o controle e a redução de água. Numa primeira etapa, foram estudados três edifícios que sofreram reforma, passando do sistema com medição global para o sistema com medição individualizada. Através destes três estudos de casos, foi possível mostrar a distribuição dos apartamentos em classes de consumo, a redução percentual do consumo do edifício e a viabilidade econômica para a execução da reforma. A segunda etapa deste trabalho, compreendeu o acompanhamento da medição por telemetria, associada à medição individualizada, em um edifício residencial. A medição por telemetria permitiu o traçado do perfil de cada consumidor, individualmente, funcionando como uma ferramenta importante para o planejamento de ações que visem ao controle e a redução do consumo de água. / Brazil: a water country. This thought could take the people to forget about water conservation. Although Brazil has big watersheds, it also has regions that present serious water supply crisis. The amazon region, with only 5% of brazilian population, stores 80% of water volume of all national territory, while greater part of the population is concentrated in the big cities, needing, at times, a higher volume of water. The individual measurement in residential buildings is one of the most important ways to prevent water lavishness, also to control and to reduce the water consumption. This work tries to show the individual measurement of water as a fair system of price, which permits the control and the reduction on the water consumption. In the firs part, three buildings that had changed from global measurement system to individual measurement system were studied. By these cases, it was possible to show, in the buildings, the distribution of the apartments in classes of consumption, the percentage reduction and the economic feasibility to perform the modification in the measurement system. The second part of this work was to follow a telemetric measurement system in a residential building with individual water meters. The telemetric measurement allowed to know the profile of each consumer, individually, as an important way to plan actions to control and to reduce the water consumption.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) OTIMISMO, COPING E GANHO PERCEBIDO EM CUIDADORES DE CRIANÇAS COM CÂNCER (1).pdf: 1457980 bytes, checksum: 235bda3f561aa8f252320cc12ea2df50 (MD5) / FAPES / O câncer infantil é considerado um estressor potencial não apenas para a criança, mas também para seus familiares. Para lidar com a doença do filho, pais e/ou cuidadores precisam empregar estratégias de coping que protejam o ajustamento familiar. Nesse contexto, atributos pessoais positivos, como o otimismo, podem contribuir para um coping mais adaptativo, de modo que seja possível perceber ganho na adversidade. Com o objetivo de analisar as relações entre otimismo, coping e ganho percebido em cuidadores de crianças com câncer, participaram 60 cuidadores principais que estavam acompanhando seus filhos em tratamento, em um hospital de referência da Grande Vitória, ES. Após o consentimento para participação na pesquisa, os participantes responderam os instrumentos sobre: otimismo (Teste de Orientação da Vida - TOV-R); coping (Escala de Coping); e ganho percebido (Inventário de Desenvolvimento Pós-Traumático). Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, medidas por meio do Questionário sociodemográfico e do Protocolo de registro das características clínicas da criança, também foram obtidas. Os dados referentes aos instrumentos padronizados obedeceram aos critérios normativos estabelecidos e foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e à análise estatística inferencial para verificar a relação entre variáveis. Em relação ao otimismo, verificou-se que a maior parte dos cuidadores referiu uma percepção otimista da vida. A análise do coping mostrou que categorias de coping de alta ordem adaptativas obtiveram a maior média quando comparadas com categorias mal adaptativas, com destaque para resolução de problemas. Verificou-se que na adversidade de ter um filho com câncer, os cuidadores referiram ganho percebido, especialmente, no domínio do desenvolvimento espiritual. Foram encontradas relações entre: otimismo e coping (cuidadores mais otimistas 11 referiram menos submissão e menos estratégias das categorias de coping de alta ordem mal adaptativas); otimismo e ganho percebido (cuidadores com uma orientação otimista de vida perceberam mais recursos e competências pessoais); coping e ganho percebido (cuidadores que referiram mais busca de suporte e menos autoconfiança, desamparo e estratégias não adaptativas, perceberam maior fortalecimento das relações interpessoais; e cuidadores que se perceberam mais competentes, referiram menos autoconfiança, mas maior desenvolvimento espiritual). Variáveis clínicas da criança e estado civil dos cuidadores também se relacionaram com otimismo, coping e ganho percebido: cuidadores casados perceberam maior ganho, especialmente, no fortalecimento das relações interpessoais; cuidadores de crianças com tumores sólidos referiram mais resolução de problemas e negociação; cuidadores de crianças com diagnóstico de linfoma referiram mais delegação e oposição; cuidadores de crianças fora de quimioterapia referiram mais competência, delegação, e maior ganho percebido; e cuidadores cujos filhos tinham mais tempo de tratamento, se mostraram mais otimistas e referiram menos tristeza, mais competência para lidar com o estressor, mais vontade de estar longe do mesmo e maior ganho percebido. Intervenções com cuidadores de crianças com câncer devem ser pensadas de forma a favorecer um coping adaptativo, valorizando características individuais que possam auxiliar este processo, de modo a permitir uma ressignificação da experiência de ter um filho com câncer e o crescimento em meio à adversidade. / Child cancer is considered a potential stressor not only for children, but also for their family members. To cope with the disease of the child, parents and / or caregivers need to use coping strategies that will protect family adjustment. In this context, positive personal attributes, like optimism, can contribute to a more adaptive coping, so that it is possible to notice some benefits in adversity. In order to analyze the relationship between optimism, coping and benefit finding in caregivers of children with cancer, 60 main caregivers who were accompanying their children in treatment, at a referral hospital in Grande Vitória, ES attended. After the permission to participate in the study, participants answered the instruments on: optimism (Life Orientation Test - LOT-R); coping (Coping Scale); and benefit finding (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory). Socio-demographic and clinical variables, as determined by the Socio-demographic Questionnaire and Registration Protocol of the clinical characteristics of the child, were also obtained. The data relating to standardized instruments met the established normative criteria and were submitted to the analysis of the descriptive and inferential statistics to verify the relationship between variables. Regarding optimism, it was found that most caregivers reported an optimistic view of life. The coping analysis showed that coping categories of higher adaptive order obtained the highest average when compared to maladaptive categories, with emphasis on problem solving. It was found that the adversity of having a child with cancer, caregivers reported perceived benefits, especially in the field of spiritual development. There were relationships between: optimism and coping (more optimistic caregivers reported less submission and less strategies of coping categories of high maladaptive order); optimism and benefit finding (caregivers with an 13 optimistic life orientation realized more resources and personal skills); coping and benefit finding (caregivers who reported more search for support and less self-reliance, helplessness and maladaptive strategies, noticed greater strengthening of interpersonal relationships); and caregivers who found themselves more competent, reported less self-reliance, but higher spiritual development. The child’s clinical variables and marital status of caregivers also related with optimism, coping and benefit finding: married caregivers noticed greater gain, especially in the strengthening of interpersonal relationships; caregivers of children with solid tumors reported more problem solving and negotiation; caregivers of children diagnosed with lymphoma reported more delegation and opposition; caregivers of children out of chemotherapy reported more competence, delegation, and greater benefit finding; and caregivers whose children had a longer time treatment, were more optimistic and reported less anxiety, more power to deal with the stressor, more willing to be away from it and greater benefit finding. Interventions with caregivers of children with cancer should be thought to favor an adaptive coping, valuing individual characteristics that can assist this process, in order to allow for a reinterpretation of the experience of having a child with cancer and growth through adversity.