As características de carcaças bovinas relacionam-se indiretamente com aspectos de qualidade da carne bovina, bem como permitem verificar limitações e progressos do sistema produtivo. Portanto, um retrato atual daquelas características em âmbito regional e suas variações anuais e plurianuais é ferramenta essencial na transferência de informação para o gerenciamento e sustentabilidade da cadeia de carne bovina. A análise do banco de dados de um grupo frigorífico com unidades industriais localizadas no Sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul, Meio-Oeste de São Paulo, Noroeste de Goiás e Triângulo Mineiro, importantes regiões para a pecuária nacional, durante 31 meses de operação industrial (janeiro de 2001 a agosto de 2003), permitiu descrever as características das carcaças bovinas nessas regiões geográficas, entre épocas do ano e entre os anos. Cada unidade foi abastecida principalmente por fornecedores do próprio estado e as regiões que mais negociaram estavam nas proximidades das unidades, exceto a unidade frigorífica de SP onde grande parte do abate teve origem no Leste de MS. As fêmeas totalizaram 13,16% dos abates e houve oferta crescente no período a partir do segundo semestre de 2002 com pequena redução no abate de machos, destes 75,96% eram castrados e 10,88% inteiros. A região teve impacto na oferta de características como classe sexual, maturidade e grau de acabamento para machos castrados, contudo houve um padrão predominante em todas as unidades em volume e freqüência de oferta, com carcaças de machos castrados de 6 a 8 dentes compondo 61,6% dos abates do grupo. A unidade de GO foi a que mais abateu machos inteiros, totalizando 36% dos abates. A unidade de MG se destacou na proporção de machos castrados até 4 dentes (novilhos) em relação aos machos castrados abatidos, com uma média de 25%. O abate de novilhos com grau de acabamento 3 (espessura de gordura entre 3 e 6 mm) representaram 7,9% dos abates, destacando-se MS e SP em volume de abate e proporção, com 2/3 dos novilhos atingindo este acabamento. A oferta de carcaças de novilhos e de novilhos com grau de acabamento 3 ocorreu em dois momentos do ano, de abril a junho e de agosto a novembro. No período estudado, a oferta de novilhos com grau de acabamento 3 não acompanhou a oferta de novilhos, variando com a região, sendo que a unidade de SP foi abastecida de forma mais regular. O peso médio de abate dos machos castrados foi de 264,4 kg (DP ± 15,2 kg), equivalente a 17,6@ e à medida que os animais avançaram na idade aumentou a freqüência de carcaças pesadas. Carcaças acima de 18@ corresponderam à 40,6% dos adultos e 22,9% dos novilhos. Para os novilhos com acabamento 3 a faixa de peso predominante foi de 16 –17@ em todas unidades, exceto em MG onde a classe de peso predominante esteve acima de 18@. / Beef carcass characteristics are indirectly related with meat quality and helps to identify limitations and progresses of the productive system. Wherefore establishing a picture of such characteristics and their annual and pluriannual variations represents an essential tool on information transference for the beef supply chain management and sustainability. This study was based on data from a beef industry composed by four unities located in important Brazilian regions for beef cattle production (Southeast of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Middle-West of São Paulo State, Northwest of Goiás State and at Triângulo Mineiro Region of Minas Gerais State), during 31 months (January, 2001 to August, 2003). Database analysis allowed to describe beef carcass characteristics within periods over a year and among years of industrial activity. Producers from regions close to the plants inside the same state were their main suppliers, except for the unity in the São Paulo State where a large number of animals came from East of Mato Grosso do Sul State. Castrated males represented 75.96% of total slaughter, intact males 10.88% and females 13.16%. The number of female slaughtered increased over the second semester of 2002 reducing thus the proportion of male slaughtered. There was an influence of the supplying region on sexual condition, maturity and finishing of castrated males with up to four permanent incisors (steers). However, the main carcass pattern in all unities, when considering number and frequency, was castrated males with at least six permanent incisors, representing 61.6% of total slaughter. The Goiás State’s plant slaughtered the highest number of intact males with 36% of its total slaughter. The Minas Gerais State’s plant registered the highest proportion of steers when considering castrated male slaughtered, averaging 25% of its total. Steers with finishing grade 3 (fat thickness 3 to 6 mm) represented 7.9% of all carcasses, distinguishing Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo States’ plants in which two-thirds of steers reached that finishing grade. The supply of steers finishing grade 3 had two peaks with increasing offer over the years, from April to July and from August to November. The number of these carcasses did not follow steers supply with a regional influence. São Paulo State plant was the only one regularly supplied with properly finished steers. The average carcass weight was 264.4 kg (SE ± 15.2 kg). Heavier carcasses were obtained only when animals slaughtered grew older with frequencies of carcass weight over 269.9 kg corresponding to 40.6% of the older castrated males and 22.9% of the steers. The most frequent carcass weight ranged from 240 to 254.9 kg for steers with finishing grade 3 in all plants, except for the one at Minas Gerais State where the predominant weight range was over 269.9 kg.

Foram conduzidos três experimentos no confinamento experimental do Departamento de Zootecnia da ESALQ/USP com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de diferentes aditivos em rações para bovinos terminados em confinamento. No experimento 1 foram utilizados 100 bovinos machos Nelore castrados (392 kg), distribuídos em 20 baias, por 60 dias. As rações continham 41% de sorgo moído, 40% de polpa cítrica peletizada e 15% de silagem de cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos foram: (1) controle, (2) monesina sódica Rumensin (MON1), (3) monensina sódica Rumenfort (MON2), levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yea-Sacc 1026 (LEV1) e levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biosaf SC47 (LEV2). A IMS foi reduzida pelo tratamento MON1 (P<0,05), quando comparada ao tratamento controle. O GPD dos animais não foi afetado pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A EA dos animais não foi afetada pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). O tratamento MON2 apresentou um menor rendimento de carcaça (P<0,05) e o tratamento MON 1 apresentou uma maior AOL (P<0,05). No experimento 2 foram utilizados 96 tourinhos Nelore não castrados (396 kg), distribuídos em 16 baias por 95 dias. Os tratamentos foram: (1) Controle, (2) levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biosaf SC47 (LEV), (3) combinação de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae e bactérias probióticas na dose de 1g /bovino/dia (PROB1) e (4) combinação de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae e bactérias probióticas na dose de 3g/bovino/dia (PROB2). As rações continham 59% de polpa cítrica peletizada, 35% de farelo de glúten de milho úmido e 5% de feno de tifton 65. A adição dos aditivos levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisae) e a combinação de leveduras e bactérias probióticas não afetou a IMS o GPD e a EA dos animais (P>0,05). A energia líquida de manutenção e de ganho das rações também não foi afetada pelos tratamentos (P>0,05), assim como os dados de carcaça. No experimento 3, que avaliou a digestibilidade das rações, foram utilizados 20 tourinhos Nelore, alocados em 20 baias individuais durante 15 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptação ao marcador e 5 dias de coleta de fezes. A ração foi a mesma utilizada no experimento 2, e o marcador utilizado foi o óxido de cromo. Os tramentos utilizados foram: (1) Controle, (2) monensina sódica Rumenfort (MON), (3) levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biosaf SC47 (LEV), (4) combinação de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae e bactérias probióticas na dose de 1g /bovino/dia (PROB1) e (5) combinação de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae e bactérias probióticas na dose de 3g/bovino/dia (PROB2). Os aditivos testados não afetaram as digestibilidades da MS, da MO, da FDN e da PB das rações (P>0,05). Com os resultados obtidos é possível afirmar que bovinos Nelore, castrados ou não, confinados com rações com altos teores de concentrado ricos em co-produtos como polpa cítrica e farelo de glúten de milho úmido não apresentam melhor desempenho nem melhor digestibilidade dos nutrientes quando suplementados com monensina sódica ou com micorganismos probióticos. / Three trials were conducted at the ESALQ/USP Animal Sciences Department experimental feedlot to evaluate the effects of different feed additives in feedlot finished cattle. On trial 1 100 Nellore steers (392kg) were allocated to 20 pens for 60 days. Experimental rations had 41% ground milo, 40% dried citrus pulp and 15% sugarcane silage. Treatments were: (1) control, (2) sodium monensin Rumensin (MON1), (3) sodium monensin Rumenfort (MON2), (4) yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yea-Sacc 1026 (LEV1) and (5) yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biosaf SC47 (LEV2). DMI was reduced by MON1 trestment (P<0,05) in relation to control. WDG was not affected by treatments (P>0,05). Treatments did not affect FE (P>0,05). Animals on treatment MON2 showed the lowest dressing percentage (DP) and those on MON1 showed the highest rib eye area (REA) (P<0,05). Trial 2 used 96 young Nellore bulls (396kg), allocated to 16 pens for 95 days. Treatments were: (1) control, (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biosaf SC47 (LEV), (3) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and probiotic bacteria mix at 1g /animal/day dose (PROB1) and (4) Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotic bacteria mix at 3g/animal/day dose (PROB2). Rations contained 59% dried citrus pulp, 35% wet corn gluten feed and 5% Tifton 65 hay. Treatments didnt affect DMI, WDG and FE (P>0,05). Rations net energy for maintenance and gain were also not affect by treatments (P>0,05), well as carcass data. Trial 3 utilized 20 young Nellore bulls allocated to individual pens for 15 days (10 days for adaptation to marker and 5 days for data collection) to evaluate rations digestibility. Experimental ration was the same utilized on trial 2, with chromium oxide as an external marker. Treatments were (1) control, (2) sodium monensin Rumenfort (MON1), (3) yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biosaf SC47 (LEV), (4) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and probiotic bacteria mix at 1g /animal/day dose (PROB1) and (5) Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotic bacteria mix at 3g/animal/day dose (PROB2). Treatments did not affect rations DM, OM, NDF and CP digestibilities (P>0,05). Results show that Nellore cattle, castrated or not, feedlot finished receiving rations with high levels of byproducts such as dried citrus pulp and wet corn gluten feed dont have higher performance nor better nutrients digestibility when supplemented with sodium monensin or probiotic microorganisms.

This diploma thesis is focused on evaluating an environmental impact of using LCA methodology. LCA is a methodology of powder varnishing. The first part of the thesis is concerned with technologies modifying metal surfaces. An analysis of LCA technology was executed and a technological process was described. As a part of theoretical part, a description of available methods evaluating environmental impact was made. According to description the LCA methodology was chosen. In practical part of the thesis an analysis of material and energetic inputs of each process was made.

The Master‘s thesis focuses on processing of hard-to-machine materials by the finishing machining methods. The first chapter comprises division and characteristics of finishing technologies in the field of machining processes. The chapter following includes division and characteristics of the hard-to-machine materials. The experimental part – another significant part of the thesis – is focused on grinding of mostly bearing rings made of hard-to-machine materials. The aim of the experimental part is to compare and subsequently assess the use of various kinds of grinding wheels in the grinding process of a given workpiece material. Several parameters are examined from the technological and economic point of view. The assessment of the experimental part provides an overview on the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the grinding wheels in the grinding process of a given material for large-scale production. The conclusion is a summary of the results obtained in the experimental part.

This eleborate study is aimed at analysis of complete methods machining. There are characterized particular methods and their effect on the surface´s quality of machined area in this study. Concluding part of the study includes practical demonstration of machining by using cemented carbide-tipped tool and polycrystalline diamond and evaluation of this demonstration.

This thesis explains how to determine and eliminate the causes of quality problems in the production of connectors and small electronic components for the automotive industry. The process of making these components is carried out by use of both high speed and low speed metal stamping presses. There are descriptions of the different designs of editing punches, stamping dies, trimming and molding tools and how unplanned issues can occur during the production process. It addresses all the customer requirements for quality end products, listing the type of material, finishes and technology used for the production of individual components as well as their functionality, durability, and economic impacts. All examples of changes in the design or technology of metal stamping presses are based on many years of practical experience and most of them can be successfully applied in other similar type of instrument production.

Den ökande efterfrågan på högre produktkvalitet inom tillverkningsindustrin kräver hög stabilitet och lång livslängd på borrverktyg under borrningbearbetningsprocessen. En metod för att öka produktkvaliteten och därmed förlänga livslängden på borrverktyg är skäreggpreparering. Skäreggpreparering används för att skapa en kantgeometri som ger borrverktyget både en bättre styrka och högre tålighet mot slitage. Det mest förekommande slitaget på borrverktyg är fasförslitning och det utvecklas snabbt under den initiala slitningsperioden under borrens livslängd. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att genom flerfaktorförsök undersöka hur skäreggprepareringsprocessen kan förbättras för att minska fasförslitning under den initiala slitningsperioden på belagda hårdmetallborrar. Skäreggprepareringsprocessen studerades som en fallstudie på Scania Motorbearbetning. Fallstudien genomfördes efter problemlösningsmetodiken DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve och Control) som inkorporerade försöksplanering, vilket medförde att två ytterligare faser tillkom: Pre-analyze och Experiment. Datainsamlingen bestod av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ data. Den kvalitativa datan erhölls från intervjuer under Measure-fasen och den kvantitativa datan erhölls från det genomförda experimentet under Experiment-fasen, som sedan analyserades i Analyze-fasen. Baserat på litteraturstudien, nulägesbeskrivningen och intervjuerna bestämdes försöksfaktorerna till processtid, borrens djup i slipmedel, rotationsriktning på rotor och rotationshastighet på spindel samt responsvariablerna till skäreggradie och total fasförslitning. Försöksfaktorerna testades i ett fullständigt tvånivåers faktorförsök med 4 faktorer och 4 centrumpunkter. Analysen av resultaten från experimentet visade att korrelationen mellan responsvariablerna var försumbar under den initiala slitningsperioden. Vidare identifierades inte några signifikanta effekter baserade på responsvariabeln total fasförslitning. Däremot kunde det konstateras att de försöksfaktorer som påverkade responsvariabeln skäreggradie var processtid, borrens djup i slipmedel och rotationsriktning på rotor. En optimeringsmodell togs fram i Improve-fasen för att optimera skäreggprepareringsprocessen med avseende på skäreggradie. Optimeringen utgick från att ha en stor skäreggradie under förutsättningen att den nuvarande processtiden halveras. Optimeringsmodellen kunde inte bekräftas, därför togs en rekommendation fram som beskriver stegen för att bekräfta den framtagna optimeringsmodellen. Vidare togs två ytterligare rekommendationer fram med syfte att undersöka skäreggprepareringsprocessen med avseende på andra typer av slitage samt undersöka verktygsslitage under verktygets fulla livslängd. I Control-fasen togs en kontrollplan fram som stöd för att kontrollera rekommendationerna. Avslutningsvis bidrog det här examensarbetet med nya insikter och slutsatser om utveckling av fasförslitningen under den initiala slitningsperioden under en borrs livslängd. / The increasing demand for higher product quality in the manufacturing industry requires high stability and long service life of drilling tools during the drilling process. One method of increasing product quality and thus extending the tool life for drills is cutting edge preparation. Cutting edge preparation is used to create an edge geometry that gives the drilling tool both better strength and higher resistance to wear. The most common wear on drill tools is flank wear that develops rapidly during the initial wear period of the drill's life. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how the cutting edge preparation process can be improved by factorial design in order to reduce flank wear during the initial wear period on coated solid carbide drills. The cutting edge preparation process was studied as a case study at Scania's motor processing department. The case study followed problem-solving methodology DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) incorporating design of experiments. This resulted in two additional phases: Pre-Analyze and Experiment. Data collection consisted of both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were obtained from interviews during the Measure phase and the quantitative data was obtained from the experiment conducted during the Experiment phase, which was later analyzed in the Analyze phase.     Based on a literature study, current description, and interviews, the identified experimental factors were process time, depth in the grinding granulate, rotational direction of the rotor, and rotational speed of spindle. The identified response variables were cutting edge radius and total flank wear. The experimental factors were tested in a full two-level factorial design with 4 factors and 4 center points. The analysis of the results from the experiment showed that the correlation between the response variables was negligible during the initial wear period. Furthermore, no significant effects could be found based on the response variable total flank wear. However, it was found that the experimental factors that influenced the response variable cutting edge radius were process time, depth in grinding granulate, and direction of rotation of the rotor. An optimization model was developed during the Improve phase to optimize the cutting edge preparation process in regards to the cutting edge radius. The optimization was based on generating a large cutting edge radius and at the same time reducing the current process time by half. The optimization model could not be confirmed; therefore, a recommendation was developed outlining the steps to confirm the optimization model. Furthermore, two additional recommendations were made to investigate the cutting edge preparation process concerning other types of wear and to examine tool wear during the tool’s full life. A control plan was developed in the Control phase to help to control the recommendations. In conclusion, this thesis contributed new insights and conclusions on the development of flank wear during the initial wear period during the tool life.

Title: Goal Analysis of mutual matches between the best four Czech teams in Czech football league season 2018/2019 Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is analysis of goals scored between the best four Czech football teams in 2018/2019 season. Furthermore, this thesis aims for comparison of examined variables with data from European competition - Champions league (year 2018/2019). A partial goal then is to create recommended exercises for training practice. Methods: In this thesis is used methods of quantitative analysis and comparison. We mainly used the method of indirect observation of video records. Overall, 18 matches of Czech league and 125 matches of Champions league were analysed. In these matches were scored 47 goals in Czech league and 366 goals in Champions league. For normality analysis we used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. For hypothesis analysis we used Man Whitney U test and 2 sample t-test. With the results as a base were created model training exercises to bring the training process closer to match specifications. Results: Czech teams scored significantly more headers in comparison with Champions League. In first touch goals and fruitfulness of shooting they had lower percentage, but it was not statistically significant. Most of the goals in mutual matches of...

New chemical substances being considered for use today are required by law to be evaluated for potential toxic effects upon disposal to the environment. A thorough evaluation, however, is complex, time-consuming, expensive, and impossible to perform on each new substance. In this study the potential toxic effects of a new carpet additive with antimicrobial properties and the associated process waste stream from a textile facility were considered. The wastewater from the rest of the plant was currently being treated in a land application disposal system. An assessment of the toxicity of the antimicrobial additive was made using conventional greenhouse studies. This assessment was compared to the results obtained from three short-term toxicity tests performed on the same set of solutions. The short-term tests used were a corn seedling bioassay, adenosine triphosphate measurements, and bacterial bioluminescence. These short-term tests were evaluated as to their utility as screening tools and as monitoring devices for toxic substances. / Master of Science

O presente estudo aborda a fronteira da manufatura de ultraprecisão (UP) da zircônia tetragonal policristalina estabilizada com 3 mol% de ítria (3Y-TZP), realizado por meio da lapidorretificação Ud. A crescente demanda por produtos de cerâmicas avançadas com: elevado acabamento e integridade superficial; alta exatidão de forma; e menor custo de fabricação, tem fomentado pesquisas em diversas áreas da nanociência e nanotecnologia (N&N), visando sobrepujar as limitações ou agregando as principais vantagens dos tradicionais processos de retificação, lapidação e polimento. Em decorrência das excepcionais propriedades mecânicas, a cerâmica 3Y-TZP tem sido extensivamente aplicada na indústria. A 3Y-TZP, entretanto, pode apresentar a desestabilização da sua fase tetragonal em diferentes situações e condições, por exemplo, tendo início na própria manufatura, durante sua usinagem, podendo comprometer seu desempenho. Dessa forma, a 3Y-TZP pode ser considerada um material chave para avaliar e qualificar os processos abrasivos que visam padrão ouro de qualidade que, portanto, não devem suscitar a transformação martensítica. Em meio à pluralidade de processos, destaca-se a lapidorretificação Ud. A presente pesquisa estudou a manufatura UP de superfícies planas de zircônia TZ-3Y-E lapidorretificadas com rebolos de SiC de liga epóxi, almejando rugosidade nanométrica e integridade superficial sem danos microestruturais. Discos de TZ-3Y-E foram prensados isostaticamente a 200 MPa e sinterizados a 1400°C por 2 horas. Os discos foram caracterizados por meio de ensaios de: microdureza; perfilometria de contato e óptica; MEV-FEG; espectroscopia Raman; DRX; e microscopia confocal de epi-fluorescência. Os projetos mecânico e eletroeletrônico da Lapidorretificadora Fiocchi foram evoluídos na direção da retificação cerâmica UP. Os resultados demostraram que o projeto evolutivo da lapidorretificadora Fiocchi foi bem sucedido. A execução e controle das etapas de processamento cerâmico foram fundamentais para obter corpos cerâmicos densos e homogêneos, compatíveis com o acabamento aspirado. Os parâmetros de usinagem que se destacaram foram: profundidade de dressagem de 0,1 mm; pressão de lapidorretificação de 100 kPa; 100 rpm do rebolo e porta-peça; e emulsão (1:40) aplicada por MQF. A aspiração dos resíduos sobre o rebolo melhorou em 21,6% o acabamento, todavia a associação de abrasão dois (rebolo) e três corpos (abrasivos soltos) reduziu em 57,15% a rugosidade. O macroefeito foi visível nos rebolos de #800, #600 e #300 dressados com Ud = 1. A menor rugosidade, Ra = 60,63 nm, proveio do rebolo #300 dressado com Ud=5. O menor desvio de planeza, 0,308 &#956;m, foi obtido com o rebolo de #800 e Ud = 3. O processo alcançou condições de plasticidade da zircônia que apontam para o predomínio dos mecanismos de remoção de microcorte e pulverização de material, sem ocorrência de microtrinca. Segundo ensaios de DRX e Espectroscopia Raman, a lapidorretificação Ud não provocou transformação martensítica. Todavia, o rebolo de #300 gerou alargamento assimétrico dos picos tetragonais nas proximidades de 2&#952; = 35° e 39° e a reversão das intensidades dos picos tetragonais a 40° e 41°. A reversão foi atribuída a mudança do domínio ferroelástico e a reorientação de planos cristalográficos em nível de cristalito. Os estudos sugerem que a usinagem introduziu tensão residual de compressão que pode ter estabilizado a fase romboédrica. Não há relato de processo capaz de alcançar acabamento nanométrico similar com mesmo tamanho e tipo de abrasivo. A lapidorretificação Ud pode substituir o engajamento da retificação, lapidação e polimento de cerâmica avançada. / The present study focuses on the border of ultra-precision (UP) manufacturing of 3 mol% yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP), carried out by Ud-lap grinding. The increasing demand for advanced ceramic products with: high surface finish and integrity; high form accuracy; and lower manufacturing cost, has encourage research in several areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N), to overcome the limitations or adding the main advantages of traditional grinding, lapping, and polishing processes. 3Y-TZP ceramics has been extensively applied by industry due to its exceptional mechanical properties. The 3Y-TZP, however, can present destabilization of its tetragonal phase in different situations and conditions. In the beginning of its manufacture, during its machining for instance, which may compromise its performance. Thus, the 3Y-TZP can be considered a key material to evaluate and qualify abrasive processes aiming gold standard quality that, therefore, should not raise the martensitic transformation. In the midst of plurality of processes, it is noteworthy the Ud-lap grinding. This research studied the UP manufacture of flat TZ-3Y-E zirconia surfaces lap ground with epoxy binder SiC grinding wheels, aiming to nanometer roughness and microstructural integrity without damage. Discs of TZ-3Y-E were isostatically pressed at 200 MPa and sintered at 1400 °C for 2 hours. The discs were characterized by tests of: microhardness; contact and optical profilometry; FEG-SEM; Raman spectroscopy; XRD; and confocal epi-fluorescence. Mechanical and electric-electronic designs of Fiocchi lap grinder were developed toward the UP ceramic grinding. Results showed that the developmental design of Fiocchi lap grinder was successful. The accomplishment and control of ceramic processing stages were essential for dense and homogenous ceramic bodies, compatible with the finish aspired. The machining parameters that stood out were: 0.1 mm depth of dressing; 100 kPa lap grinding pressure; 100 rpm grinding wheel and workpiece-holder; and emulsion applied by MQF. Suction of debris on the grinding wheel has improved finishing in 21.6%, however the combination of two-body abrasion (grinding wheel) and three-body abrasion (loose abrasives) decreased roughness in 57.15%. The macroeffect was visible on #800, #600, and #300 dressed with Ud = 1. The best finishing, Ra = 60.63 nm, came from #300 grinding wheel dressed with Ud = 5. The smallest flatness deviation, 0.308 &#956;m, was obtained with the #800 grinding wheel and Ud = 3. The process has achieved zirconia plasticity conditions pointing towards predominance of microcutting and pulverization material removal mechanism without causing microcrack. According to XRD and Raman spectroscopy, the Ud-lap grinding caused no martensitic transformation. However, #300 grinding wheel has generated asymmetric broadening of the tetragonal peaks close to 2&#952; = 35° e 39° and reversal of the intensities of 40° and 41° tetragonal peaks. The reversal was attributed to ferroelastic switching and reorientation of crystallographic planes into crystallite level. Studies suggest that the machining has introduced compressive residual stress that may have stabilized rhombohedral phase. There is no report of an abrasive process capable of achieving similar nanometric finish with same grit size and type of abrasive. The Ud-lap grinding can replace the engagement of grinding, lapping, and polishing of advanced ceramics.