Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a promising tool for condition assessment of bridge structures. SHM of bridges can be performed for different purposes in long or short-term. A few aspects of short- and long-term monitoring of highway bridges are addressed in this research. Without quantifying environmental effects, applying vibration-based damage detection techniques may result in false damage identification. As part of a long-term monitoring project, the effect of temperature on vibrational characteristics of two continuously monitored bridges are studied. Natural frequencies of the structures are identified from ambient vibration data using the Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) along with the Eigen System Realization (ERA) algorithm. Variability of identified natural frequencies is investigated based on statistical properties of identified frequencies. Different statistical models are tested and the most accurate model is selected to remove the effect of temperature from the identified frequencies. After removing temperature effects, different damage cases are simulated on calibrated finite-element models. Comparing the effect of simulated damages on natural frequencies showed what levels of damage could be detected with this method. Evaluating traffic loads can be helpful to different areas including bridge design and assessment, pavement design and maintenance, fatigue analysis, economic studies and enforcement of legal weight limits. In this study, feasibility of using a single-span bridge as a weigh-in-motion tool to quantify the gross vehicle weights (GVW) of trucks is studied. As part of a short-term monitoring project, this bridge was subjected to four sets of high speed, live-load tests. Measured strain data are used to implement bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) algorithms and calculate the corresponding velocities and GVWs. A comparison is made between calculated and static weights, and furthermore, between supposed speeds and estimated speeds of the trucks. Vibration-based techniques that use finite-element (FE) model updating for SHM of bridges are common for infrastructure applications. This study presents the application of both static and dynamic-based FE model updating of a full scale bridge. Both dynamic and live-load testing were conducted on this bridge and vibration, strain, and deflections were measured at different locations. A FE model is calibrated using different error functions. This model could capture both global and local response of the structure and the performance of the updated model is validated with part of the collected measurements that were not included in the calibration process.

There are several ways to cut down a tree. The piece by piece cutting method is studied in this research. By modeling the cutting process into simple dynamic models and obtaining governing equations of motion of tree and cut piece in each model, the forces during cutting process were calculated. The method was then applied to a set of real data and tree vibrations were compared with field measurements. The study is very rare in the case of the variety of the topics it covers from dynamics and mechanics to finite element modeling of a biological system.

This paper presents the axial compressive behaviour of stub concrete-filled columns with elliptical stainless steel and carbon steel hollow sections. The finite element method developed via ABAQUS/Standard solver was used to carry out the simulations. The accuracy of the FE modelling and the proposed confined concrete stress-strain model were verified against experimental results. A parametric study on stub concrete-filled columns with various elliptical hollow sections made with stainless steel and carbon steel was conducted. The comparisons and analyses presented in this paper outline the effect of hollow sectional configurations to the axial compressive behaviour of elliptical concrete-filled steel tubular columns, especially the merits of using stainless steel hollow sections is highlighted.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24847号 / 工博第5164号 / 新制||工||1986(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉浦, 邦征, 教授 高橋, 良和, 教授 山本, 貴士, 教授 北根, 安雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Roads are subjected to mechanical loads from the traffic as well as deteriorating mechanisms originating from the surrounding environment and climate. The damage arising is particularly severe during the winter season, when for example raveling, pot holes and cracks can emerge on the surfaces of asphaltic roads. These winter related damages are difficult to characterize and predict, partly due to the complexity of the asphalt material and partly since they cannot be linked to one single phenomenon but several, such as the (long term) existence of moisture, frost damage and frost heave, low temperature cracking and the embrittlement of the mastic at low temperatures. Further adding to the complexity is the combination of these phenomena which may accelerate the emergence and evolution of the damage mechanisms. This licentiate research project is mainly focusing on the emergence and development of frost damage in the asphalt layer but will include the effect of other damage mechanisms in its continuation. The goal of the project is to develop a multiscale model able to predict the damage development in an asphalt pavement during a desired period of time, to enhance maintenance predictions as well as pavement design choices. This licentiate thesis is the first part of this project and aims to lay the foundation of the multiscale model. To achieve this, a micromechanical model of frost damage in asphalt mixtures has been developed. This model couples the moisture and mechanical damage happening on the short and long term, caused by the infiltration of moisture and the expansion of water turning into ice during temperature drops. Both possible adhesive damage in the mastic-aggregate interface and cohesive damage in the mastic is included. In addition to the developed micromechanical model, this thesis presents the overall concept for the formulation of the multiscale model as well as discusses about its motivations and advantages. / Vägar utsätts både för mekaniska laster från trafiken som kör på vägen samt för nedbrytande mekanismer härstammande från den omgivande miljön och klimatet. Skadorna som uppstår är särskilt stora under vintern, då till exempel stensläpp, potthål och sprickor kan uppstå på ytan av asfalterade vägar. Dessa vinterrelaterade skador är svåra att karakterisera och förutsäga, delvis på grund av det komplexa beteendet hos asfalt och delvis eftersom de inte härstammar från enbart ett fenomen utan flera, såsom existensen av fukt i asfalten (på lång sikt), frostskador, tjällyft, sprickbildning på grund av låg temperatur samt försprödningen av asfalt som sker vid låga temperaturer. Vidare påverkar dessa skademekanismer varandra vilket kan accelerera skadebildningen och utvecklingen, vilket ytterligare ökar komplexiteten. Detta licentiatforskningsprojekt fokuserar till största delen på uppkomsten och utvecklingen av frostskador men kommer även inkludera effekten av andra skademekanismer i dess fortsättning. Målet med detta forskningsprojekt är att utveckla en multiskalemodell som kan förutspå skadeutvecklingen i en asfaltsväg under en önskad tidsperiod, för att förbättra både underhållsprognoser samt designval. Denna licentiatuppsats är den första delen i detta projekt och syftar till att lägga grunden till multiskalemodellen. För att uppnå detta har en mikromekanisk modell av frostskador i asfalt utvecklats. Denna modell kopplar ihop fuktskadan och den mekaniska skadan som sker både på kort och lång sikt, orsakad av infiltrationen av fukt och expansionen av vatten som omvandlas till is vid sjunkande temperatur. Modellen inkluderar de möjliga skadorna som uppstår i både mastics och gränsskiktet mellan mastics och stenmaterialet. Utöver den utvecklade mikromekaniska modellen presenterar denna uppsats det övergripande konceptet för formuleringen av multiskalemodellen samt diskuterar dess motivering och fördelar. / <p>QC20190515</p>

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A three dimensional nonlinear finite element model has been developed to study the behaviour of composite beams with profiled sheeting oriented perpendicular to its axis. The analysis of the push test was carried out using ABAQUS/Explicit with slow load application to ensure a quasi-static solution. Both material and geometric nonlinearities were taken into account. Elastic¿plastic material models were used for all steel components and the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model was used for the concrete slab. The post-failure behaviour of the push test was accurately predicted, which is crucial for realistic determination of shear capacity, slip and failure mode. The results obtained from finite element analysis were verified against the experimental push tests conducted in this research and also from other studies. After validation, the model was used to carry out an extensive parametric study to investigate the effect of transverse spacing in push tests with double studs placed in favourable and staggered positions with various concrete strengths. The results were also compared with the capacity of a single shear stud. It was found that shear connector resistance of pairs of shear connectors placed in favourable position was 94% of the strength of a single shear stud on average, when the transverse spacing between studs was 200 mm or more. For the same spacing, the resistance of staggered pairs of studs was only 86% of the strength of a single stud. The strength of double shear studs in favourable position was higher than that of the staggered pairs of shear connectors.

Tensegrity-membrane systems are a class of new bar-tendon-membrane systems. Such novel systems can be treated as extensions of tensegrity structures and are generally lightweight and deployable. These two major advantages enable tensegrity-membrane systems to become one of the most promising candidates for lightweight space structures and gossamer spacecraft. In this dissertation, modeling and control of tensegrity-membrane systems is studied. A systematic method is developed to determine the equilibrium conditions of general tensegrity-membrane systems. Equilibrium conditions can be simplified when the systems are in symmetric configurations. For one-stage symmetric systems, analytical equilibrium conditions can be determined. Three mathematical models are developed to study the dynamics of tensegrity-membrane systems. Two mathematical models are developed based on the nonlinear finite element method. The other model is a control-oriented model, which is suitable for control design. Numerical analysis is conducted using these three models to study the mechanical properties of tensegrity-membrane systems. Two control strategies are developed to regulate the deployment process of tensegrity-membrane systems. The first control strategy is to deploy the system by a nonlinear adaptive controller and use a linear H∞ controller for rapid system stabilization. The second control strategy is to regulate the dynamics of tensegrity-membrane systems using a linear parameter-varying (LPV) controller during system deployment. A gridding method is employed to discretize the system operational region in order to carry out the LPV control synthesis. / Ph. D.