There are some existing commonly used goodness-of-fit tests, such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Cramer-Von Mises test, and the Anderson-Darling test. In addition, a new goodness-of-fit test named G test was proposed by Chen and Ye (2009). The purpose of this thesis is to compare the performance of some goodness-of-fit tests by comparing their power. A goodness-of-fit test is usually used when judging whether or not the underlying population distribution differs from a specific distribution. This research focus on testing whether the underlying population distribution is an exponential distribution. To conduct statistical simulation, SAS/IML is used in this research. Some alternative distributions such as the triangle distribution, V-shaped triangle distribution are used. By applying Monte Carlo simulation, it can be concluded that the performance of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is better than the G test in many cases, while the G test performs well in some cases.

Introduction: Non-compliance with respiratory protection programs among firefighters may put them at increased risk of injury and illness from occupational exposures during fire extinguishing activities. This research aims to characterize respiratory protection practices among Florida firefighters. This information will allow better understanding of factors that are associated with non-compliance with respiratory protection guidelines. Methods: Survey questionnaire was used to characterize Florida fire departments in this cross sectional study. Four hundred and seventy-seven surveys were administered to Florida firefighters both in person and electronically to collect information regarding firefighter knowledge and participation in their respective respiratory protection programs during the past twelve months. Survey questions were developed from the model set by the National Fire Protection Association which provides standards and regulations regarding firefighter protections. Collected data were used to produce summary statistics regarding firefighter department size, coverage area, and firefighter employment type. Further data analysis used Statistical Analysis Software to compute multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The 477 respondents were 91% male with a mean age 39 years old (range 21-65 years). The majority of respondents, 76%, were non-smokers, 21% former smokers, and 3% current smokers. In regards to ethnicity, respondents were 77% Caucasian, 13% Hispanic, 3% African-American, and 4% other. Most respondents were career firefighters, 97%, with less than ten years of experience, 44%, working in a fire department with at least 21 firefighters, 98%. Most respondents, 80%, had a written respiratory program in place. The most cited reason for not having implemented a written respiratory program was lack of knowledge related to the program. Multinomial logistic regression analysis of departments with response areas of at least 250,000 square miles produced a statistically significant 0.44 odds ratio for having a written respiratory program as compared to those with a less than 10,000 square miles response area. Conclusion: Additional resources need to be given to Florida fire departments to ensure that all firefighters receive adequate respiratory protection in accordance with National Fire Protection Association guidelines. There is an association between fire departments with large response areas and non-compliance with respiratory protection guidelines in regards to: having a written respiratory program, the frequency of respiratory fit testing, and the frequency of medical fitness testing. This suggests that rural fire departments need additional resources to ensure fire fighters are adequately protected. Additional research should focus on why these differences exist in the rural fire departments. Respondents stating a lack of knowledge or no requirement for a written respiratory program suggest that future efforts should focus on respiratory protection education and training.

When an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (or CAR(1)) process is observed at discrete times 0, h, 2h,··· [T/h]h, the unobserved driving process can be approximated from the ob- served process. Approximated increments of the driving process are used to test the assumption that the process is L\'evy-driven. Asymptotic behavior of the test statis- tic at high sampling frequencies is developed assuming that the model parameters are known. The behavior of the test statistics using an estimated parameter is also studied. If it can be concluded that the driving process is L\'evy, the empirical process of the approximated increments can then be used to carry out more precise tests of goodness-of-fit. For example, one can test whether the driving process can be modeled as a Brownian motion or a gamma process. In each case, performance of the proposed test is illustrated through simulation.

Detecting a change in the structure of a time series is a classical statistical problem. Here we consider a short memory causal linear process $X_i=\sum_{j=0}^\infty a_j\xi_{i-j}$, $i=1,\cdots,n$, where the innovations $\xi_i$ are independent and identically distributed and the coefficients $a_j$ are summable. The goal is to detect the existence of an unobserved time at which there is a change in the marginal distribution of the $X_i$'s. Our model allows us to simultaneously detect changes in the coefficients and changes in location and/or scale of the innovations. Under very simple moment and summability conditions, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the sequential empirical process based on the $X_i$'s both with and without a change-point, and show that two proposed test statistics are consistent. In order to find appropriate critical values for the test statistics, we then prove the validity of the moving block bootstrap for the sequential empirical process under both the hypothesis and the alternative, again under simple conditions. Finally, the performance of the proposed test statistics is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations.

The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which the framing of information can reduce the persistence of misinformation. The overall research consists of two experiments of which the first has been conducted and is described in this paper. It investigates the strength of differently framed statements and the degree to which the regulatory focus fit the participants experienced influenced their preference for certain statements. 52 participants have completed the survey in which they were presented several statements containing the same facts but framed differently based on the principles of valence message framing. The research found the positive goal frame, positive valence frame and the company s original statement to be most effective. These statements will form the basis for the second experiment which aims to combine the different frames in such a manner that the continued influence effect will be reduced.

The thesis discusses the process of sponsoring as a marketing instrument. It particularly focuses on sponsoring in fine and visual arts and examines how is this practice perceived by customers and what benefits does it bring to its company or brand. One key factor in said customer perception - sponsorship fit - is emphasized, which indicates the importance of a relationship between the sponsor and the sponsee. Main goal of this thesis is to explain its nature and discover, whether do representatives of Czech companies act on it or not. Theoretical part of the thesis lists relevant knowledge from current, mainly foreign literature, and the practical part employs existing consumer research and expert interviews. Together, the entire work aims to create a consistent and coherent whole, depicting the current theories and their utilization in reality. The thesis draws the conclusion that sponsorship fit in fine and visual arts does have its unique features, which need to be taken into account. Moreover, Czech companies can indicate these features adequatly and adjust their sponsoring activities accordingly.

Ridbyxor är ett specifikt plagg för ryttare och det ställs därför vissa krav som inte uppkommer på vanliga byxor. Bakgrunden till detta arbete är att företaget bad om ett mönster till en ridbyxa med bra passform genom hela storleksserien. Ett nytt mönster med god grundpassform tas därför fram. Graderingen av byxan gjordes med tanke på hur plagget ska användas samt hur kroppen förändrar sig i de olika storlekarna. Idag tas oftast ingen hänsyn till detta utan plaggen behåller samma proportioner i alla storlekar. För att uppnå ett slutresultat har konstruktionen gjorts i Lectras konfektionsanpassade cad-program Modaris och specifikationerna har gjorts i Illustrator och PISA. En god grundpassform togs fram först genom ett antal avprovningar och mönsterförändringar innan graderingsarbetet tog vid. För att verifiera graderingen gjordes avprovningar på utvalda storlekar. Slutligen kommer grundstorleken att sys upp i fabrik och två ytterligare storlekar att sys upp i Textilhögskolans lokaler. Resultatet visar att relativt många förändringar måste utföras på grundkonstruktionen för att uppnå den passform som önskas. Samt att en gradering som ger en längre grenlängd bak skapar en bättre passform när ryttaren sitter i sadeln. / Breeches are a specific garment for equestrians and therefore it occur certain requirements which are not imposed in regular trousers. The background to this writing is that the company asked for a pair of breeches with good fit throughout the size range. A new pattern with good fit is therefore produced. The grading of the trousers was made in view of how the garment will be used and how the body changes in the various sizes. Today there is often no attention dedicated to this. The result is that the garment retains the same proportions in all sizes. To achieve a result has the patterns been made in Lectras software Modaris and the specifications are made in Illustrator and PISA. A good fit in base size is first achieved thru a number of fittings and pattern changes before the grading work started. To verify the grading fittings of selected sizes was performed. Finally will the base size be sewn at a factory and further two sizes will be sewn at Textilhögskolan. The result shows that relatively many changes must be performed on the basic pattern to achieve the desired fit. And that a grading that gives a longer back rise length is creating a better fit for equestrians when sitting in the saddle.

Although Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have found a niche in numerous applications, they are constrained by numerous factors. One of these important factors is security in WSNs. There are various types of security attacks that WSNs are susceptible to. The focus of this study is centred on Sybil attacks, a denial of service attack. In this type of attack, rogue nodes impersonate valid nodes by falsely claiming to possess authentic identities, thereby rendering numerous core WSN operations ineffective. The diverse nature of existing solutions poses a difficult problem for system engineers wanting to employ a best fit countermeasure. This problem is the largely unanswered question posed to all system engineers and developers alike whose goal is to design/develop a secure WSN. Resolving this dilemma proves to be quite a fascinating task, since there are numerous factors to consider and more especially one cannot assume that every application is affected by all identified factors. A framework methodology presented in this study addresses the abovementioned challenges by evaluating countermeasure effectiveness based on theoretical and practical security factors. Furthermore, a process is outlined to determine the application’s engineering requirements and the framework also suggests what security components the system engineer ought to incorporate into the application, depending on the application’s risk profile. The framework then numerically aligns these considerations, ensuring an accurate and fairly unbiased best fit countermeasure selection. Although the framework concentrates on Sybil countermeasures, the methodology can be applied to other classes of countermeasures since it answers the question of how to objectively study and compare security mechanisms that are both diverse and intended for different application environments. The report documents the design and development of a comparative framework that can be used to evaluate countermeasures against Sybil attacks in wireless sensor networks based on various criteria that will be discussed in detail. This report looks briefly at the aims and description of the research. Following this, a literature survey on the body of knowledge concerning WSN security and a discussion on the proposed methodology of a specific design approach are given. Assumptions and a short list of factors that were considered are then described. Metrics, the taxonomy for WSN countermeasures, the framework and a formal model are developed. Risk analysis and the best fit methodology are also discussed. Finally, the results and recommendations are shown for the research, after which the document is concluded. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

A união por conformação eletromagnética de perfis tubulares de alta condutividade elétrica é um processo inovador e limpo que pode substituir com sucesso os processos convencionais de união baseados na fixação mecânica por parafusos, rebites, soldagem e adesivos estruturais. Esta tecnologia funciona a temperatura ambiente, permite a união de materiais diferentes e oferece potencial para promover novas aplicações na montagem de estruturas leves. Neste trabalho busca-se compreender a união por interferência de tubos por cravamento eletromagnético em termos de seus principais parâmetros com o objetivo de identificar a influência na resistência global das uniões e estabelecer a faixa útil de condições operacionais do processo. Inicialmente são apresentados os fundamentos teóricos do processo de conformação eletromagnética e suas principais variantes operacionais, seguido de um resumo do estado atual do conhecimento da aplicação desta tecnologia na união de perfis tubulares no qual é verificado que os parâmetros mecânicos são a tensão residual no mandril, a área e forma da zona de união e o coeficiente de atrito entre os componentes. Entretanto, tais parâmetros estão relacionados de forma complexa com o processo de cravamento eletromagnético, a começar pela energia e a distribuição do pulso de pressão magnética gerados pela máquina e ferramenta que “disparam” o processo de conformação, a folga inicial entre componentes, o material dos componentes e, a geometria, forma e rugosidade do mandril. O estudo experimental foca a união por interferência de tubos de alumínio (AA6082-O) com mandris de aço (AISI 1045) e alumínio (AA6082 nos estados O e T6) investigando de forma gradual a influência de parâmetros do processo na resistência mecânica (à tração) deste tipo de uniões. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a resistência mecânica da união e os modos de falha associados são diretamente relacionados com os parâmetros de processo e condições do mandril. Além disso, outras importantes contribuições são apresentadas em relação à instrumentação para medição de fluxo magnético e eficiência global do processo e para o desenvolvimento e aplicações industriais desta tecnologia. / Joining of tubular profiles with high electrical conductivity by electromagnetic forming (EMF) is an innovative and clean technology that can successfully replace conventional joining technologies based on mechanical fixing with fasteners, rivets, welding and structural adhesives. The technology works at room temperature, allows joining dissimilar materials and offers potential to foster new applications in the assembly of lightweight tubular frame structures. This work investigates the interference-fit joining of tubes by electromagnetic crimping in terms of its major parameters with the aim of identifying their influence on the overall strength of the joints and establishing the useful range of process operating conditions. Initially, the theoretical principles of EMF and its main operational process variants are presented, followed by a summary of the current state of the knowledge of its application in the joining of tubular profiles in which it is found that the mechanical parameters are the residual stress at the joint interface, the area and shape of the joint interface and the friction coefficient between the joining partners. However, these parameters are related in a very complex way with the electromagnetic crimping process parameters, starting with the charging energy and by the machine and tool which generates the distribution of the magnetic pressure pulse that “triggers” the forming process, the initial gap between joining partners, the mandrel properties such as material, geometry, shape and surface roughness. The experimental study focuses the interference-fit of aluminum tubes (AA6082-O) on mandrels made of different materials and metallurgical conditions (AISI 1045, AA6082-O and AA6082-T6) and, therefore, the process is analyzed by the gradual influence of other process parameters aiming to achieve high strength joints. Results show that the joint strength and the associated failure mechanisms are directly related to process parameters and mandrel conditions. In addition, other important contributions are presented regarding the instrumentation for measuring the magnetic flux and overall process efficiency and to the development and implementation of this technology in industrial processes.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-08T09:39:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arleterodriguesvieiradepaula.pdf: 1665607 bytes, checksum: adcb14d02c393b88e42fc45e5b0c5a69 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-09T13:33:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arleterodriguesvieiradepaula.pdf: 1665607 bytes, checksum: adcb14d02c393b88e42fc45e5b0c5a69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T13:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arleterodriguesvieiradepaula.pdf: 1665607 bytes, checksum: adcb14d02c393b88e42fc45e5b0c5a69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / A busca por um padrão de corpo magro e musculoso, percebido como sarado, é um fenômeno contemporâneo. Se por um lado, o corpo é objeto de cuidados e de construção de sentidos na sociedade atual, por outro lado, a religião cristã, tradicionalmente, lidou com o corpo sob o signo da desconfiança, pois ele representa o lugar do pecado e da perdição. O propósito dessa pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre corpo e religião, que existe hoje, a partir desse lugar central ocupado pelo corpo. Procuramos mostrar como essa mudança do lugar do corpo refletiu na relação corpo e religião e em que medida isso aconteceu. Fizemos isso a partir do entendimento dos frequentadores das academias de ginástica. Investigamos como esses indivíduos relacionavam o corpo sarado com o corpo religioso, e se o corpo passou a ocupar um significado religioso maior na sociedade. Acreditamos que existam outras fronteiras entre a compreensão cristã do corpo e as percepções de corpo dentro das novas subjetividades contemporâneas. E se há uma busca de um corpo em forma, sarado podemos falar também de um corpo religioso em forma. / The search for a model of lean and muscular body, seen as fit, is a contemporary phenomenon. On the one hand, the body is the object of care and construction of meanings in today's society. On the other hand, the Christian religion has traditionally handled the body under the sign of distrust, as it is the object of sin and perdition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body and religion in our days, considering the centrality of the body. It was attempted to show how the change of body importance reflected on the relationship between body and religion, as well as to what extent this has happened. The research was done based on the perception of regular gym-goers. It was investigated how these individuals related the fit body to the religious body, and whether the body has taken a greater religious significance in our society. We believe there are other frontiers between the Christian understanding of the body and the perception of the body among the new contemporary subjectivities. In addition, if there is a search for a fit body, we can also speak of a religious body in shape.