Au Chili, la délinquance est le problème public par excellence. Objet privilégié de l’attention des médias, sujet des débats électoraux et des recherches en sciences sociales, enjeu de politiques publiques, thème des sondages comme des conversations domestiques, la délinquance envahit la vie quotidienne. Ce surgissement constant dans la vie de tous les jours ne se fait pas nécessairement en tant que l’ensemble des délits qui a effectivement lieu dans le pays. C’est plutôt comme phénomène encadrant de multiples façons la vie quotidienne qu’elle se manifeste aux personnes et aux institutions. Si la délinquance est avant tout une question de vivre-ensemble, je propose dans cette thèse de l’aborder à travers une perspective de sociologie générale qui s’éloigne des approches criminologiques. Je mobilise un regard inspiré des littératures pragmatistes et portant sur la performativité du droit afin d’explorer la manière dont un type spécifique de délits – les flagrants délits – permet de comprendre ce qu’est la délinquance au Chili, la façon dont on en parle, ce qui se fait en son nom et les interactions qu’elle rend possibles. Mobilisant une approche ethnographique, la thèse analyse des données hétéroclites produites grâce à l’observation de conversations informelles, la lecture de documents officiels, de statistiques et d’articles de presse, entre autres. Elle inclut deux récits ethnographiques décrivant ce qui arrive dans les salles d’audience des tribunaux pénaux de première instance et dans une unité du ministère public, deux instances directement chargées du traitement judicaire des flagrants délits à Santiago. La thèse présente également trois articles scientifiques portant sur différents aspects de ce type de délits : leur traitement de la part des institutions en charge d’appliquer le droit pénal; la manière dont, dans des contextes judiciaires et autres, les personnes y font référence; la mise en place d’un permis de mobilité durant la pandémie de la covid-19, dont le résultat est la constitution d’un délit pouvant seulement être commis « en flagrance ». La thèse revient enfin sur le rôle de l’État dans la gestion de la délinquance, suggérant que dans le cas des flagrants délits s’opère un travail constant de production de la distance entre l’administration, les justiciables et leurs drames. / In Chile, crime is central to public discourse. As the focus of media coverage, the subject of electoral debates and social science research, a public policy issue, and the topic of polling and domestic conversation, crime invades daily life. This quotidian assertion of presence is not necessarily reflective of the ensemble of criminal acts that are committed in the country, but rather acts as a framework that structures daily life for both individuals and institutions. If crime is above all then a collective, social question, I propose in this thesis to examine it from a general sociological perspective that distances itself from criminological approaches. Drawing inspiration from pragmatist scholarship, my work focuses on the performativity of law in order to explore the ways in which a specific form of infraction – those caught in the act, or in flagrante delicto – allows us to understand crime in Chile, how it is talked about, what is done in its name, and the interactions it makes possible. The thesis takes an ethnographic approach, analyzing heterogeneous data produced through observation of informal conversations and research in official documents, statistics, and newspaper articles, amongst other sources. It includes two ethnographic accounts describing what happens in the courtrooms of the penal tribunal and in a unit of the public ministry, two institutions directly responsible for flagrante delicto cases in Santiago. The dissertation also contains three scientific studies dealing with different aspects of these types of infractions: their treatment by the institutions that apply penal law; the ways in which, in legal contexts or otherwise, people make reference to them; the creation of a pass system during the COVID-19 pandemic, the result of which was the constitution of an offence that could only be committed “in flagrante.” Finally, the thesis returns to the role of the State in the management of crime, suggesting that behind its treatment of flagrante delicto cases operates a constant production of distance between the legal apparatus, the accused, and their personal dramas. / En Chile, la delincuencia es el problema público por excelencia. Tema de común medios, de debates electorales, de investigaciones en ciencias sociales, de políticas públicas, de encuestas y de conversaciones domésticas, la delincuencia invade la vida cotidiana. Su aparición constante en la vida de todos los días no se da necesariamente en la forma del conjunto de delitos que tiene efectivamente lugar en el país, sino que más bien como fenómeno que enmarca de múltiples maneras la vida cotidiana de personas y de instituciones. Como la delincuencia es sobre todo una cuestión de convivencia, en esta tesis propongo abordarla a través de una perspectiva de sociología general que se aleja de enfoques criminológicos. Utilizo una mirada inspirada de literaturas pragmatistas y que tratan sobre la performatividad del derecho con el fin de explorar la manera en que un tipo específico de delitos – los delitos flagrantes – permite comprender lo que es la delincuencia en Chile, la manera en que se habla de ella, lo que se hace en su nombre y las interacciones que vuelve posibles. Basándose en un enfoque etnográfico, la tesis analiza datos heteróclitos producidos gracias a la observación de conversaciones informales, la lectura de documentos oficiales, de estadísticas y de artículos de prensa, entre otros. Ella incluye dos relatos etnográficos que describen lo que ocurre en las salas de audiencia de tribunales de primera instancia y en una unidad del ministerio público, dos instancias directamente encargadas del tratamiento judicial de los delitos flagrantes en Santiago. La tesis presenta igualmente tres artículos científicos que tratan diferentes aspectos de este tipo de delitos: su tratamiento por parte de las instituciones encargadas de aplicar el derecho penal, la manera en que, en contexto judiciales y otros, las personas se refieren a éstos, y la implementación de un permiso de movilidad durante la pandemia del covid-19, cuyo resultado fue la creación de un delito que sólo puede ser cometido “en flagrancia”. La tesis se refiere finalmente al rol del Estado en la gestión de la delincuencia, sugiriendo que en el caso de los delitos flagrantes opera un trabajo de constante producción de la distancia entre la administración, los justiciables y sus dramas.

Submitted by Eliana Barboza (eliana.silva1@mackenzie.br) on 2017-09-22T12:33:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernardo David de Melo Gonçalves.pdf: 3843282 bytes, checksum: 51a63aee5d120e62942362c7ea6c0797 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-09-25T13:36:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernardo David de Melo Gonçalves.pdf: 3843282 bytes, checksum: 51a63aee5d120e62942362c7ea6c0797 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T13:36:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernardo David de Melo Gonçalves.pdf: 3843282 bytes, checksum: 51a63aee5d120e62942362c7ea6c0797 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the theme of the custody hearings with a focus on the challenges for its effective implementation in Brazil. In order to do so, the evolution of human rights, especially freedom, physical integrity and life, in face of state arbitrariness, was first tackled, until the phase of international law that conceived standards of protection of the same rights was adopted. The period of world wars was highlighted as a determining factor in the uprising of the brakes on the power of nation-states. Thus, the era of Humanitarian Law was reached, culminating, among others, in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and especially in the American Convention on Human Rights, also known as the Pact of St. Joseph of Costa Rica. The latter two, and other treaties, expressly contemplated the custody hearing with faint prediction differentiations, which were punctuated and discussed. Next, the structural characteristics of the custody‟s hearing, more precisely definition, legal nature, principles, purposes, fences and the meaning of the term "without delay" were discussed. In that detail, it was recalled that Brazil already provided for the control of procedural caution and a mechanism to curb any abuse in the act of capture, namely, the conversion of mere detention into custody in flagrante delicto, a task of a jurisdictional nature delegated to the police authority since ancient times in Brazilian legal history. After that, the challenges overcome were overcome in the arduous task of making the custody hearings possible in the country. Therefore, the beginning of the activities of the so-called "Custody Hearings" project, launched on February 6, 2015, was initiated, based on an agreement involving, at the federal level, the National Justice Council and the Ministry of Justice and, at the state level of São Paulo, Public Ministry, Court of Justice, State Government, Public Defender and OAB. The project was successful, achieving full installation on October 14, 2015, with the signing of the respective endorsement by the District Court of Brasilia. Finally, statistical data related to the custodial audience, mostly quantitative imbricated to the cost of the provisional prison for the Brazilian´s penitentiary system, were collationed in order to try to prove its economic-financial sustainability and to qualify this eminent public policy as an inexorable and salutary fact to the Development of criminal justice. / Neste trabalho pretendeu-se esmiuçar o tema da audiência de custódia com foco nos desafios para sua efetiva implementação no Brasil. Para tanto, abordou-se, inicialmente, a evolução dos direitos humanos, mormente a liberdade, integridade física e vida, frente aos arbítrios estatais, até alçar a fase do direito internacional que concebeu standards de proteção aos mesmos direitos. Destacou-se, nesse passo, o período das guerras mundiais como eventos determinantes ao soerguimento de freios ao poder dos Estados-nações. Assim, atingiu-se a época do Direito Humanitário que culminou, entre outros, no Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos e, principalmente, na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, também conhecida como Pacto de São José da Costa Rica. Estes dois últimos, e outros tratados, contemplaram expressamente a audiência de custódia com tênues diferenciações de previsão, as quais foram pontuadas e discutidas. A seguir, foram debatidas as características estruturais da audiência de custódia, mais precisamente definição, natureza jurídica, princípios, finalidades, vedações e o significado da expressão “sem demora”. Nesse pormenor, rememorou-se que o Brasil já previa controle da cautelaridade processual e mecanismo para refrear eventual abuso no ato da captura, qual seja, a conversão da mera detenção em auto de prisão em flagrante delito, tarefa de índole jurisdicional delegada à autoridade policial desde tempos remotos na história jurídica brasileira. Após, passou-se aos desafios superados no transcorrer na árdua missão de viabilizar, na prática, a audiência de custódia em solo pátrio. Delineou-se, portanto, o início das atividades do chamado Projeto “Audiência de Custódia”, lançado em 6 de fevereiro de 2015, a partir de convênio envolvendo, no âmbito federal, Conselho Nacional de Justiça e Ministério da Justiça e, no âmbito estadual de São Paulo, Ministério Público, Tribunal de Justiça, Governo do Estado, Defensoria Pública e OAB. O projeto foi bem sucedido, logrando plena instalação em 14 de outubro de 2015, com a assinatura do termo de adesão respectivo pelo Tribunal de Justiça e Governo Distrital de Brasília. Por fim, colacionaram-se dados estatísticos relacionados à audiência de custódia, mormente quantitativo imbricado ao custo do preso provisório para o sistema penitenciário brasileiro, de modo a tentar comprovar sua sustentabilidade econômico-financeira e qualificar essa eminente política pública como fato inexorável e salutar ao desenvolvimento da Justiça Criminal.