The Regional Productive Development Agencies implemented in Chile in 2006, were developed as a way to answer the longing desire to territorially decentralize, and that the own Regions be whom define their future. The Agencies have the responsibility to develop innovation and productive development Agendas in participative processes, which means with public, academic and private actors. Also, the Agencies have the mission to implement Competitive Improvement Plans-PMC (clusters) in prioritized economic sectors by the own region. These PMC are leaded by private actors in each sector. / Las Agencias Regionales de Desarrollo Productivo (ARDP) implementadas en Chile a partir del año 2006, vienen a res­ponder a un anhelo mayoritario por la descentralización territorial para que sean las propias regiones quienes definan su futuro. Las ARDP tienen la responsabilidad de desarrollar agendas de fomento productivo e innovación participativas, es decir que, con el concurso del sector público, académico y principalmente privado, deben implementar planes de mejoramiento de la competitividad (PMC), (cluster) en sectores económicos priorizados por la propia región. Los PMC son liderados por los privados de cada sector.

The novel Leonora by Elena Poniatowska is about Leonora Carrington who was born into a wealthy family and challenged family traditions, and those expectations imposed by her social background and her gender. It will be shown that the main character acts according to a self-construction process free of social impositions. Simone de Beauvoir’s well-known phrase “one is not born a woman, one becomes one”, is one of the feminist positions that contributes to this analysis, as well as the literary techniques explained by Gérard Genette, Oscar Tacca, Mieke Bal and the narratology theories of focalization, direct speech, indirect speech and free indirect speech. The aim of this essay is to analyze the literary techniques that present the self-construction of the main character, and their effects on the reader. The hypotheses of this essay are that in order to present the self-construction of the character, the literary techniques create an effect of alternately zooming the reader in to the main character’s experience, and zooming out to a more objective view. In addition, the literary techniques used to present Carrington’s self-construction seek to show her feminist stance and her transgressions in both private and public spheres. Poniatowska’s literary techniques deliver the message that when a woman is released from social and cultural constraints she has the power to modify spheres.

The focus of this study is to investigate what images of Sweden are transmitted in the novel The road to Ithaca (1994), by the Uruguayan author Carlos Liscano. The study focuses on the first half part of the novel for this taking place in Stockholm, Sweden, in the early nineties. The aim is to investigate by what literary strategies and literary subgenres the images of Sweden are transmitted.    The theoretical framework applied derives from studies of the literary genre of the picaresque novel and its bufonesco mood, such as the literary strategies irony and laconism. For the analysis Mieke Bal´s concept of focalization and semantic axes are used.      The study shows that in Sweden there are parallel worlds to the official world of the welfare state; in the shadow side of society there are the metecos, unwanted residents: the undocumented and the mentally ill. Through a picaresque and ironic style, the author shows that Sweden is a neat, clean, but culturally hermetic society; almost perfect on the surface, but with a lot of hidden “trash” beneath.    The welfare state of Sweden seams benevolent in its integrative intention, but is, at the same time, blind, or even worse, disinterested in the new reality of the country; that of the welfare state in dissolution and Sweden as a Tower of Babel.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / El objetivo de este trabajo fue aproximarnos a la coyuntura y actores del Sistema Nacional de Salud en Ecuador para desvendar los dilemas del movimiento de reforma vigente en el sector durante el periodo 2005-2008 bajo la perspectiva de experiencias paradigmáticas en América Latina: el modelo de reforma adoptado por Colombia y por Brasil. Para la elaboración de este estudio, se tomó como referencial teórico el trabajode Theodoulou y Cahn 10 sobre los procesos políticos y de Ikenberry 11, acerca del proceso de difusión de las agendas. Se propuso, además, una complementariedad de técnicas que involucraron revisión bibliográfica de las reformas de salud en Ecuador, de indicadores cualitativos de salud y la realización de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, lo que posibilitó la construcción de algunas categorías analíticas que permitieron establecer los indicadores a ser utilizados en la descripción de los tres sistemas de salud. Encontramos a lo largo del trabajo que en Ecuador una disputa permanente entre las agendas políticas de los dos modelos de organización de sistema de salud, por un lado la focalización con creación de paquetes básicos y por otra, la universalización descentralizada. Identificamos, además, que en el país, la baja capacidad de inclusión del sistema, así como la débil estructura institucional, por la fuerte presencia del corporativismo, dificultan el establecimiento de marcos referenciales consistentes y legítimos para el sector salud. El dilema de la actual agenda se basa en la búsqueda de negociaciones y consensos sobre los límites políticos, económicos y estructurales del Sistema Nacional de Salud de una forma democrática y participativa que considere las verdaderas demandas del sector. / The present work’s aim is an approach to the different scenarios and actors involved with the National Health System in Ecuador. The purpose is to figure out the dilemmas of the current reform movement in the healthcare sector during the 2005-2008 period,under the paradigmatic perspective of other experiences in Latin America, bringing special attention to model reforms adopted by Colombia and Brazil. As grounds for this investigation, Theodoulou’s and Cahn’s 10 theoretical work on political processes were taken under consideration. Ikenberry’s 11 work was also taken into account 11. Their proposals addressed the process of agenda dissemination. The present work also proposes complementary techniques involving literature review regarding healthcare reforms in Ecuador, qualitative health indicators and the realization of semi-structured interviews, which enabled the construction of analytical categories, later used as indicators to describe the three systems. As reviewed throughout this work, a dispute between the political agendas of both models of organizing healthcare system came into evidence in Ecuador, focusing on one hand in the creation of basic packages and a decentralized universal health care system. Moreover, we identified low capacity within the system a weak institutional structure, mainly due to the strong presence of corporatism, and the ongoing obstruction of legitimate and consistent reference frames for the healthcare sector. The main issue of the current agenda is based on negotiations and the search for consensus on political, economic and structural aspects of the healthcare system in a democratic and participatory manner that considers the real demand of the public health sector.