Background: Lifestyle and environmental factors are known to contribute to allergic disease development, especially very early in life. However, the link between diet composition and allergic outcomes remains unclear. Methods: In the present population-based cohort study we evaluated the dietary intake of 10-year-old children and analyses were performed with particular focus on atopic dermatitis or food allergy, allergic diseases known to be affected by dietary allergens. Dietary intake was assessed via semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Based on these data, individual nutrient intake as well as children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM) scores were calculated. Information about atopic manifestations during the first 10 years of life and confounding factors were obtained from standardized questionnaires during pregnancy and annually thereafter. Results: Analyses from confounder-adjusted logistic regression models (n = 211) revealed that having atopic outcomes was associated with having a pro-inflammatory pattern at the age of 10 years: OR = 2.22 (95% CI: 1.14–4.31) for children with atopic dermatitis and OR = 3.82 (95% CI: 1.47–9.93) for children with food allergy in the first 10 years of life Conclusion: A pro-inflammatory dietary pattern might worsen the atopic outcome and reduce the buffering capacity of the individual against harmful environmental exposures or triggers. For pediatricians it is recommended to test for the individual tolerance of allergenic foods and to increase the nutrient density of tolerable food items to avoid undesirable effects of eating a pro-inflammatory diet.

No description available.

No description available.

yes / Associations between socio-demographic and psychological factors and food choice patterns were explored in unemployed young people who constitute a vulnerable group at risk of poor dietary health. Volunteers (N = 168), male (n = 97) and female (n = 71), aged 15–25 years were recruited through United Kingdom (UK) community-based organisations serving young people not in education training or employment (NEET). Survey questionnaire enquired on food poverty, physical activity and measured responses to the Food Involvement Scale (FIS), Food Self-Efficacy Scale (FSS) and a 19-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). A path analysis was undertaken to explore associations between age, gender, food poverty, age at leaving school, food self-efficacy (FS-E), food involvement (FI) (kitchen; uninvolved; enjoyment), physical activity and the four food choice patterns (junk food; healthy; fast food; high fat). FS-E was strong in the model and increased with age. FS-E was positively associated with more frequent choice of healthy food and less frequent junk or high fat food (having controlled for age, gender and age at leaving school). FI (kitchen and enjoyment) increased with age. Higher FI (kitchen) was associated with less frequent junk food and fast food choice. Being uninvolved with food was associated with more frequent fast food choice. Those who left school after the age of 16 years reported more frequent physical activity. Of the indirect effects, younger individuals had lower FI (kitchen) which led to frequent junk and fast food choice. Females who were older had higher FI (enjoyment) which led to less frequent fast food choice. Those who had left school before the age of 16 had low food involvement (uninvolved) which led to frequent junk food choice. Multiple indices implied that data were a good fit to the model which indicated a need to enhance food self-efficacy and encourage food involvement in order to improve dietary health among these disadvantaged young people.

Des méthodes d’évaluation de la consommation alimentaire permettant de vérifier l’efficacité de la diète méditerranéenne en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires doivent être validées. Objectif: Évaluer la fiabilité et la validité d’un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire (QF) semi-quantitatif permettant de mesurer l’alimentation dans le cadre d’études cliniques portant sur la diète méditerranéenne dans la population québécoise. Méthodologie: Cinquante-trois participants ont été recrutés. Le QF a été complété à deux reprises pour évaluer la fiabilité et comparé à un journal alimentaire (JA) de 12 jours pour évaluer la validité. Résultats: Pour la fiabilité, les coefficients de corrélation intra-classe (CCI) variaient de 0.38-0.91. Pour la validité, les coefficients de corrélation de Pearson (r) entre le JA et le QF pré-JA variaient de 0.26-0.84 et les CCI variaient de 0.25-0.84. Quant au JA et QF post-JA, les r variaient de 0.36-0.83 et les CCI de 0.36-0.83. Conclusion: Le QF présente une bonne fiabilité et validité pour l’énergie et la majorité des nutriments caractéristiques de la diète méditerranéenne. / Validated dietary assessment methods are needed to conduct clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of the Mediterranean diet in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Aim: To assess the reproducibility and the validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to be used in clinical trials on the Mediterranean diet within the population of Quebec. Methods: Fifty-three participants were recruited. The FFQ was administered twice to assess reproducibility and was compared to a 12-day dietary record (DR) to assess validity. Results: For reproducibility, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for energy and nutrients ranged from 0.38 to 0.91. For validity, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between the DR and the FFQ pre-DR ranged from 0.26 to 0.84 and ICCs ranged from 0.25 to 0.84. As for the DR and the FFQ post-DR, r ranged from 0.36 to 0.83 and ICCs ranged from 0.36 to 0.83. Conclusion: The FFQ demonstrates good reproducibility and validity for energy and most key nutrients of the Mediterranean diet.

Introdução - A quantidade de flúor ingerida, proveniente de todas as fontes, durante o período crítico de formação dos dentes, é o principal fator de risco para a fluorose dentária. Dentre estas fontes estão a água fluoretada, o dentifrício fluoretado e os alimentos, bebidas, fórmulas e suplementos infantis. Considerando-se que a fluorose dentária tem aumentado em todas as regiões é importante avaliar, além da água e do dentifrício, também a contribuição diária do consumo alimentar das crianças e a concentração de flúor nesses itens alimentares para a ingestão de flúor. Objetivo - Descrever o consumo alimentar de crianças de 2 a 6 anos, com relação ao flúor. Métodos - Foram avaliadas 379 crianças, de 2 a 6 anos, faixa etária de risco para fluorose, residentes em Bauru - São Paulo, município com fluoretação artificial da água de abastecimento público. A amostragem foi estratificada por setor, baseando-se no Plano Diretor do Município. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar Semiquantitativo, aplicado aos pais ou responsáveis, e a concentração de flúor nos itens alimentares a partir de análises laboratoriais. As crianças foram classificadas quanto à ingestão diária de f1úor de acordo com a Dietary Reference Intakes. Resultados - Dentre os 70 itens alimentares, o arroz, a água de abastecimento público e o leite foram os mais consumidos; o chá preto, o leite em pó de soja diluído com água de abastecimento público e o biscoito Danyt\'s® apresentaram maior concentração de flúor; a água de abastecimento público, o refrigerante Coca-Cola® e a batata frita representaram maior contribuição diária para ingestão de flúor. Os itens alimentares mais consumidos apresentaram, em média (±DP), concentração de flúor (0,015 ± 0,028 mgF/porção) significantemente menor (p = 0,03) que os menos consumidos (0,107 ± 0,162 mgF/porção). Os itens alimentares com maior concentração de flúor contribuíram significantemente (p < 0,001) para a ingestão do halogênio (0,018 ± 0,037 mgF/dia). A média da ingestão de flúor por meio dos alimentos sólidos e líquidos, da água e da escovação foi de 0,017 ± 0,016; 0,011 ± 0,004 e 0,036 ± 0,028 mgF/kg peso/dia, respectivamente, totalizando 0,064 ± 0,035 mgF/kg peso/dia. Das 379 crianças, 31,2% apresentaram risco de fluorose. O dentifrício e os itens alimentares (sólidos, água e outros líquidos) contribuíram com 57% e 43%, respectivamente, para a ingestão de flúor. Conclusão - O dentifrício foi a principal fonte para a ingestão de f1úor pelas crianças, porém, a concentração desse halogênio nos itens alimentares contribuiu significantemente para a ingestão, representando risco para f1uorose dentária. / The quantity of fluoride ingested, deriving from all sources, during the critical period of formation of the teeth, is the main factor of risk for the dental fluorosis. Among this sources, we have the fluoridated water, the fluoridated dentifrice and the food, drinks, chemical formula and the infant supplements. Taking into consideration that the dental fluorosis has increased in all regions, it is important to evaluate it, besides the water and the dentifrice, the daily contribution of children\'s food consumption and the concentration of fluoride in these food items for the ingestion of fluoride. Objective - Describe the food consumption of children from 2 to 6 years old, relationg to fluoride. Methods - 379 children were evaluated at risking ages for fluorosis, residents in Bauru - São Paulo, district with artificial f1uoridation. The sampling was stratified by sector, based on the Director\'s Plan of the District. The food intake was evaluated by the Food Frequency Semiquantitative Questionnaire, applied on parents or responsable one, and the concentration of fluoride on the food items from analyses in laboraties. The children were classified based on theis daily ingestion of fluoride according to the Dietary Reference Intakes. Results - Among the 70 food items, rice, public water supply and the milk were the most consumed ones; the black tea, the soybean powdered milk diluted in public water and the biscuit Danyt\'s® presented the gratest daily contribution for the ingestion of fluoride. The most consumed food items present, in average (± DP), concentration of fluoride (0,015 ± 0,028 mg F / portion), significantly lower (p = 0,03) that the less consumed (0,107 ± 0,162 mgF/portion). The food items with the greatest concentration of fluoride contributed significantly (p < 0,001) for the ingestion of the mineral (0,018 ± 0,037 mgF/day). The average amount of fluoride ingestion taken from the solid food and the liquid ones (except water) coming from the water and the teeth brushing was 0,017 ± 0,016; 0,011 ± 0,004 and 0,036 ± 0,028 mgF/kg weight/day, respectively, totalizing 0,064 ± 0,035 mgF/kg weight/dia. 31,2% of the 379 children presented risk of fluorosis. The dentifrice and the food items (solid, water and other liquids) contributed with 57% and 43%, respectively, for the ingestion of fluoride. Conclusion - The dentifrice was the main source for the ingestion of fluoride, by the children, however, the concentration of this mineral in food items contributed significantly for the ingestion by the children, representing risk for dental fluorosis.

Introdução - A quantidade de flúor ingerida, proveniente de todas as fontes, durante o período crítico de formação dos dentes, é o principal fator de risco para a fluorose dentária. Dentre estas fontes estão a água fluoretada, o dentifrício fluoretado e os alimentos, bebidas, fórmulas e suplementos infantis. Considerando-se que a fluorose dentária tem aumentado em todas as regiões é importante avaliar, além da água e do dentifrício, também a contribuição diária do consumo alimentar das crianças e a concentração de flúor nesses itens alimentares para a ingestão de flúor. Objetivo - Descrever o consumo alimentar de crianças de 2 a 6 anos, com relação ao flúor. Métodos - Foram avaliadas 379 crianças, de 2 a 6 anos, faixa etária de risco para fluorose, residentes em Bauru - São Paulo, município com fluoretação artificial da água de abastecimento público. A amostragem foi estratificada por setor, baseando-se no Plano Diretor do Município. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar Semiquantitativo, aplicado aos pais ou responsáveis, e a concentração de flúor nos itens alimentares a partir de análises laboratoriais. As crianças foram classificadas quanto à ingestão diária de f1úor de acordo com a Dietary Reference Intakes. Resultados - Dentre os 70 itens alimentares, o arroz, a água de abastecimento público e o leite foram os mais consumidos; o chá preto, o leite em pó de soja diluído com água de abastecimento público e o biscoito Danyt\'s® apresentaram maior concentração de flúor; a água de abastecimento público, o refrigerante Coca-Cola® e a batata frita representaram maior contribuição diária para ingestão de flúor. Os itens alimentares mais consumidos apresentaram, em média (±DP), concentração de flúor (0,015 ± 0,028 mgF/porção) significantemente menor (p = 0,03) que os menos consumidos (0,107 ± 0,162 mgF/porção). Os itens alimentares com maior concentração de flúor contribuíram significantemente (p < 0,001) para a ingestão do halogênio (0,018 ± 0,037 mgF/dia). A média da ingestão de flúor por meio dos alimentos sólidos e líquidos, da água e da escovação foi de 0,017 ± 0,016; 0,011 ± 0,004 e 0,036 ± 0,028 mgF/kg peso/dia, respectivamente, totalizando 0,064 ± 0,035 mgF/kg peso/dia. Das 379 crianças, 31,2% apresentaram risco de fluorose. O dentifrício e os itens alimentares (sólidos, água e outros líquidos) contribuíram com 57% e 43%, respectivamente, para a ingestão de flúor. Conclusão - O dentifrício foi a principal fonte para a ingestão de f1úor pelas crianças, porém, a concentração desse halogênio nos itens alimentares contribuiu significantemente para a ingestão, representando risco para f1uorose dentária. / The quantity of fluoride ingested, deriving from all sources, during the critical period of formation of the teeth, is the main factor of risk for the dental fluorosis. Among this sources, we have the fluoridated water, the fluoridated dentifrice and the food, drinks, chemical formula and the infant supplements. Taking into consideration that the dental fluorosis has increased in all regions, it is important to evaluate it, besides the water and the dentifrice, the daily contribution of children\'s food consumption and the concentration of fluoride in these food items for the ingestion of fluoride. Objective - Describe the food consumption of children from 2 to 6 years old, relationg to fluoride. Methods - 379 children were evaluated at risking ages for fluorosis, residents in Bauru - São Paulo, district with artificial f1uoridation. The sampling was stratified by sector, based on the Director\'s Plan of the District. The food intake was evaluated by the Food Frequency Semiquantitative Questionnaire, applied on parents or responsable one, and the concentration of fluoride on the food items from analyses in laboraties. The children were classified based on theis daily ingestion of fluoride according to the Dietary Reference Intakes. Results - Among the 70 food items, rice, public water supply and the milk were the most consumed ones; the black tea, the soybean powdered milk diluted in public water and the biscuit Danyt\'s® presented the gratest daily contribution for the ingestion of fluoride. The most consumed food items present, in average (± DP), concentration of fluoride (0,015 ± 0,028 mg F / portion), significantly lower (p = 0,03) that the less consumed (0,107 ± 0,162 mgF/portion). The food items with the greatest concentration of fluoride contributed significantly (p < 0,001) for the ingestion of the mineral (0,018 ± 0,037 mgF/day). The average amount of fluoride ingestion taken from the solid food and the liquid ones (except water) coming from the water and the teeth brushing was 0,017 ± 0,016; 0,011 ± 0,004 and 0,036 ± 0,028 mgF/kg weight/day, respectively, totalizing 0,064 ± 0,035 mgF/kg weight/dia. 31,2% of the 379 children presented risk of fluorosis. The dentifrice and the food items (solid, water and other liquids) contributed with 57% and 43%, respectively, for the ingestion of fluoride. Conclusion - The dentifrice was the main source for the ingestion of fluoride, by the children, however, the concentration of this mineral in food items contributed significantly for the ingestion by the children, representing risk for dental fluorosis.

[Truncated abstract] The role of fish consumption and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention of disease has been the subject of much investigation in recent years. A clue that these factors might be of importance was the observation that populations consuming high levels of marine omega-3 PUFAs had lower rates of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. From there, research in this area has expanded to include a range of chronic diseases and their prevention. An area of particular interest is the role of fish consumption in the prevention of various cancers. In Australia, one in three men and one in four women are expected to be diagnosed with cancer by the age of 75. Identifying preventive factors that can be translated into constructive health promotional messages is of great importance in addressing this group of diseases that has such a large impact on the health and wellbeing of the population. ... Results and conclusions Analysis of the data from the population-based case-control study suggests a protective effect of preserved fish consumption, possibly due to the high oil content of these fish. The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring fish and seafood consumption as determined by regression analysis with an independent biomarker and reliability analysis using intra-class correlation. Importantly, reliability can be maintained despite asking a high level of detail from participants. For ranking according to overall fish consumption, detailed questioning is probably not necessary, however inclusion of variables representing multiple categories of fish and seafood consumption in a regression model enables us to better account for variation in blood omega-3 PUFA levels than a single variable representing overall consumption. For the purpose of questionnaire validation, plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte membrane levels of EPA and DHA are equivalent biomarkers of fish and seafood consumption. The choice between them by future investigators will be based on more practical aspects such as convenience and the fasting state of subjects. The tangible product of this thesis is additional evidence to support a protective association between fish consumption and prostate and breast cancers, and a valid and reliable questionnaire v for measuring habitual consumption of fish and seafood in a West Australian population, that could also be applied to other populations after minor adjustment for local fish and seafood consumption patterns.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.

La transition alimentaire touche tous les pays émergents avec un développement des pathologies dégénératives liées à l'alimentation. Notre recherche visait à étudier la typologie alimentaire libanaise actuelle sous l'angle de la question suivante: le Liban a-t-il préservé son alimentation traditionnelle ou a-t-il évolué vers une alimentation occidentale ? Une pré-enquête menée au Liban en 2003, a permis d'identifier que la place des plats traditionnels dans l'alimentation libanaise reste importante de nos jours. Cependant, les outils d'enquêtes nécessaires à caractériser de manière fiable et précise les consommations alimentaires n'étaient pas disponibles. Ceci nous a conduits à développer des outils pour évaluer la part de l'alimentation traditionnelle dans la diète libanaise et à évaluer sa contribution à la couverture des besoins nutritionnels. Nous avons construit et validé un cahier de photographies de portions alimentaires, un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire et une table de composition nutritionnelle correspondant à ces plats. Nous avons ensuite réalisé une enquête sur une sous-population représentative et conclut les points suivants :1- La population libanaise moderne a préservé une place importante à l'alimentation traditionnelle : 57% de la population libanaise consomme plus de 9 plats traditionnels par semaine, soit près de 2 plats par jour.2- Cette alimentation est caractérisée, comme dans la plupart des régions méditerranéennes, par une contribution prépondérante des fruits et légumes (42%), des céréales (34% : pain 14% ; feuilletés 5%) et des légumes secs (7%) dans la ration alimentaire.3- Le régime alimentaire libanais traditionnel est entrain d'être abandonné surtout par les hommes actifs, les étudiants et les personnes célibataires, qui passent la plupart de leur temps hors domicile et sont donc plus susceptibles de consommer une alimentation plus industrielle, indépendamment de l'âge, du niveau d'éducation et de la région de résidence.4- La population libanaise, au travers de la consommation des seuls plats traditionnels dont l'apport calorique dépasse les 75%, a des apports moyens en calories de 2047 kcal/j, des apports énergétiques moyens en glucides de 46%, en protéines de 11% et en lipides de 43% dont 10% d'AGS, 20% d'AGMI et 10% d'AGPI. Elle couvre presque tous ses besoins en vitamines et minéraux.5- La ration alimentaire libanaise présente aujourd'hui une forte tendance à évoluer vers des régimes riches en lipides au détriment des glucides. Ces derniers gardent cependant une place relativement importante dans la ration mais ont changé de nature: autrefois consommés sous forme de céréales complètes, ils le sont aujourd'hui sous forme de céréales raffinées et transformées. En conclusion, le Liban semble être le lieu d'une coexistence entre la tradition et la modernité. Une revalorisation du régime traditionnel encore très présent dans les habitudes alimentaires devrait permettre de ralentir la transition nutritionnelle et améliorer l'état de santé de la population. / All emerging countries are now subjected to a dietary transition accompanied by a development of degenerative pathologies related to human diet. Our research is aimed at investigating the current Lebanese food typology under the following theme: have Lebanon been able to preserve its local traditional diet or have it been affected by the exposure to western diet? A pre-survey administered in Lebanon in 2003, showed that the existence of the traditional dishes in the Lebanese diet remain important till date. However, the absence of reliable and precise tools to conduct surveys aiming to describe food consumptions gave us an incentive to develop such tools. The main purpose of the exercise is to determine the contribution of the traditional Lebanese food to the relative overall intake and to evaluate its contribution in covering the various nutritional needs. For this reason, we developed and validated a photographic atlas of food portions, a food frequency questionnaire and a table of food composition corresponding to the traditional Lebanese dishes. This effort was followed by a survey on a representative sub-population that suggested 5 main findings:1-The modern Lebanese population preserved an important place for the traditional food: 57 % of the Lebanese population consumes more than 9 traditional dishes per week, which means 2 dishes per day.2-This diet is characterized, as in most of the Mediterranean regions, by a dominating contribution of fruits and vegetables (42 %), cereals (34 %: bread 14 %; pastries 5 %) and legumes (7 %) in the daily food ration.3-The traditional Lebanese diet is especially absent from active men, students and the single persons, who spend most of their time out of home and may thus consume industrial food, independently of their age, educational level and the location of their residence.4-The Lebanese population, through the consumption of the only traditional dishes of which the energy intake exceeds the 75 %, has mean energy intake of 2047 kcal/day. The breakdown shows a statistical mean of carbohydrates ranging up to 46 %; 11% of proteins; 43% of lipids; 10 % of SFA, 20 % of MUFA and 10 % of PUFA. The Lebanese population covers almost all their needs in vitamins and minerals.5- The Lebanese daily food ration presents a strong trend today to evolve towards diets rich in lipids on the detriment of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates keep however a place that is relatively important in the ration but with a changed pattern: consumed in the form of wholegrain cereal in the past, they are now replaced by refined and transformed cereal. In conclusion, Lebanon seems to be the place of coexistence between the tradition and the modernity. A valorisation of the still very present traditional diet in the food habits should allow to slow down the nutritional transition and to improve the health of the population.