Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-22Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000805871.pdf: 1265221 bytes, checksum: 597c24d7f51aac92703e54574c1958e2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Moçambique é um país multilíngue e a maioria das línguas pertence ao grupo linguístico bantu. Por causa do multilinguismo, a maioria da população fala duas ou mais línguas, o que tem favorecido à influência uma das outras. Essa influência nos dias de hoje não é apenas vista na oralidade, mas na escrita principalmente nas redes sociais como o facebook, onde muitos jovens se encontram diariamente para interagirem. Foi nesse intuito que a presente pesquisa foi feita, para analisar a influência do echúwabo – uma língua falada na província da Zambézia, para o português. Para o efeito foram traçados os seguintes objetivos: a) analisar os verbos do echúwabo que entram para o português nas conversas do facebook feitas na cidade de Quelimane; b) verificar o modo como esses verbos entram nas conversas feitas em português; e, c) identificar os fatores que favorecem esse tipo de ocorrências no facebook. Para que isso fosse concretizado foram usadas como variáveis sociolinguísticas 1) a faixa etária, 2) a ocupação, 3) o gênero e 4) o nível de escolaridade. No final constatou-se que a faixa etária do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os mais novos, que compreendem a idade entre os 16 e 25 anos tiveram menos casos de verbos do português que os da segunda idade – de 30 a 39 anos de idade, e os mais velhos tiveram menos casos de verbos do echúwabo; a ocupação do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de se ter verificado que os estudantes tiveram mais casos de verbos do português que os funcionários e, para o caso dos verbos do echúwabo, os estudantes tiverem menos casos que os funcionários; o gênero do falante teve influências na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os homens apresentam mais casos de verbos do português que as mulheres e, as mulheres tiveram mais casos de verbos ... / Mozambique is a multilingual country and most of the languages belong to the Bantu language group. Because of multilingualism, the majority of the population speaks two or more languages , which has favored the influence one each other. This influence these days is not only seen in orality, but written mainly on social networks like facebook, where many young people meet daily to interact. It was in this order that the present research was conducted to analyze the influence of Echúwabo - a language spoken in the province of Zambezia, for the Portuguese. For this purpose the following objectives were set: a) analyze the verbs echúwabo entering into Portuguese in facebook conversations made in the city of Quelimane, b) determine how these verbs enter the conversations made in Portuguese, and c) identify the factors that encourage this type of occurrences on facebook. For this to be achieved were used as sociolinguistic variables 1) age, 2) the occupation, 3) gender and 4) the level of education. In the end it was found that the age of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that the newest, comprising the age between 16 and 25 had fewer cases of Portuguese verbs that the second age - 30-39 years of age and older had fewer cases of verbs Echúwabo; occupation of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it was found that students had more cases of Portuguese verbs than employees and, in the case of verbs of Echúwabo, students have fewer cases compared to employees, the gender of the speaker had influences in the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that men have more cases of verbs Portuguese than women, and women had more cases of verbs Echúwabo than men, the education level of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs , because it has been found that the people with secondary level had more cases of Portuguese verbs when ...

Orientador: Cristina Martins Fargetti / Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Margarida Maria Taddoni Petter / Resumo: Moçambique é um país multilíngue e a maioria das línguas pertence ao grupo linguístico bantu. Por causa do multilinguismo, a maioria da população fala duas ou mais línguas, o que tem favorecido à influência uma das outras. Essa influência nos dias de hoje não é apenas vista na oralidade, mas na escrita principalmente nas redes sociais como o facebook, onde muitos jovens se encontram diariamente para interagirem. Foi nesse intuito que a presente pesquisa foi feita, para analisar a influência do echúwabo - uma língua falada na província da Zambézia, para o português. Para o efeito foram traçados os seguintes objetivos: a) analisar os verbos do echúwabo que entram para o português nas conversas do facebook feitas na cidade de Quelimane; b) verificar o modo como esses verbos entram nas conversas feitas em português; e, c) identificar os fatores que favorecem esse tipo de ocorrências no facebook. Para que isso fosse concretizado foram usadas como variáveis sociolinguísticas 1) a faixa etária, 2) a ocupação, 3) o gênero e 4) o nível de escolaridade. No final constatou-se que a faixa etária do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os mais novos, que compreendem a idade entre os 16 e 25 anos tiveram menos casos de verbos do português que os da segunda idade - de 30 a 39 anos de idade, e os mais velhos tiveram menos casos de verbos do echúwabo; a ocupação do falante teve influência na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de se ter verificado que os estudantes tiveram mais casos de verbos do português que os funcionários e, para o caso dos verbos do echúwabo, os estudantes tiverem menos casos que os funcionários; o gênero do falante teve influências na produção dos dois tipos de verbos, pelo fato de ter-se verificado que os homens apresentam mais casos de verbos do português que as mulheres e, as mulheres tiveram mais casos de verbos ... / Abstract: Mozambique is a multilingual country and most of the languages belong to the Bantu language group. Because of multilingualism, the majority of the population speaks two or more languages , which has favored the influence one each other. This influence these days is not only seen in orality, but written mainly on social networks like facebook, where many young people meet daily to interact. It was in this order that the present research was conducted to analyze the influence of Echúwabo - a language spoken in the province of Zambezia, for the Portuguese. For this purpose the following objectives were set: a) analyze the verbs echúwabo entering into Portuguese in facebook conversations made in the city of Quelimane, b) determine how these verbs enter the conversations made in Portuguese, and c) identify the factors that encourage this type of occurrences on facebook. For this to be achieved were used as sociolinguistic variables 1) age, 2) the occupation, 3) gender and 4) the level of education. In the end it was found that the age of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that the newest, comprising the age between 16 and 25 had fewer cases of Portuguese verbs that the second age - 30-39 years of age and older had fewer cases of verbs Echúwabo; occupation of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs, because it was found that students had more cases of Portuguese verbs than employees and, in the case of verbs of Echúwabo, students have fewer cases compared to employees, the gender of the speaker had influences in the production of two types of verbs, because it has been found that men have more cases of verbs Portuguese than women, and women had more cases of verbs Echúwabo than men, the education level of the speaker influenced the production of two types of verbs , because it has been found that the people with secondary level had more cases of Portuguese verbs when ... / Mestre

The diploma thesis is focused on the speech of teenagers from the point of view of using foreign words. It contains two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part briefly characterizes the language, the word and the vocabulary system. Then it is also focused on the ways of enrichment of the vocabulary of the Czech language, mainly on the borrowings. The practical part is based on the analysis of the results from a language questionnaire which was filled in by the pupils from the seventh and ninth classes and by the students from the second and fourth grades. The analysis of the questionnaires should help us to find out, if teenagers understand foreign words, if they use them and if they prefer foreign words to the Czech synonyms. The questionnaire contains foreign words of different ages, different origins and from different branches.

The aim of this thesis is to show, on the basis of selected words, how the borrowed Anglicisms are used in the Russian and the Czech language. The goal is to familiarize the reader with neologisms, in particular with their creation and adaptation in the two languages. On the selected fifteen words we show how the borrowed words are used in both languages and how their integration to the language is similar. In the thesis we have shown the significance of Anglicisms in the languages and the possibilities of their derivatives and adaptation to the given system of the language. The main result of the thesis is a list of words which enables us to observe linguistic tendencies of borrowed words in the past decades. This list enriches the reader with borrowed words that are not so frequent for the reader to know them. The results which we have accomplished will enable us to focus on further research concerning this issue in the future. Key words New vocabulary, foreign words, neologisms, anglicisms, borrowing

M.A. (African Languages) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

No description available.

This study aims to research the different methods used by four Swedish translators to deal with foreign words in translation, focusing on their choices in terms of foreignization [staying close to the original text] and domestication [adapting the translation to make it accessible for readers] and their effect on a Swedish readership. This study’s focus will be on foreign words in the ST. This focus was chosen because it allows for the study to research the conscious decisions of the translators. In the study, four translators’ translations of three of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories will be analysed and compared. The research questions are as follows:  ● How do the translators deal with foreign (non-English) words in the source text?  ● Are the translators more prone to domesticate or foreignize the source text when translating foreign words and to what extent?  ● What are the potential effects of the translators’ choices on a Swedish reader?

Lai Wing-sze. / Thesis submitted in: August 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-237). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Rational and Significance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Scope of analysis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Comparison of Cantonese and English consonants --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Comparison of Cantonese and English vowels --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Comparison of Cantonese and English syllables --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Comparison of Cantonese and English autosegments --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Literature Review --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1 --- Tone assignment in Cantonese loanwords --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Relationship between tone and stress --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research Questions --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Methodology --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- Data Collection and Classification --- p.32 / Chapter 4.2 --- Loanword Verification Task --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3 --- Loanword Creation Task --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Investigation of Tonal Patterns --- p.55 / Chapter 5.1 --- Monosyllabic Loanwords --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2 --- Disyllabic Loanwords --- p.59 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary of Tonal Patterns in Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Loanwords --- p.81 / Chapter 5.4 --- Loanwords with more than two syllables --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Further Evidence on Tonal Patterns --- p.92 / Chapter 6.1 --- Results of Loanword Verification Task --- p.92 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results of Loanword Creation Task --- p.103 / Chapter 6.3 --- Tonal Assignment by New Generation --- p.115 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Constraints and Rankings in Tone Assignment in Loanwords --- p.116 / Chapter 7.1 --- OT Concepts and Mechanisms --- p.116 / Chapter 7.2 --- Tonal Features --- p.120 / Chapter 7.3 --- My Proposed Account --- p.129 / Chapter 7.4 --- Constraints and Rankings --- p.132 / Chapter 7.5 --- Summary --- p.145 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion and Implication --- p.147 / Appendices --- p.150 / Appendix I All collected Loanword Data --- p.150 / Appendix II Eliminated Loanword Data --- p.164 / Appendix III Kept Loanword Data --- p.168 / Appendix IV Initial Loanword Classification --- p.181 / Appendix V Loanword Questionnaire A --- p.198 / Appendix VI Loanword Questionnaire A Script --- p.201 / Appendix VII Loanword Questionnaire B --- p.203 / Appendix VIII More Examples of σ→ σ55 --- p.207 / Appendix IX More Examples of 'σσ --- p.209 / Appendix X More Examples of'σ[ --- p.214 / Appendix XI More Examples of ['σ --- p.217 / Appendix XII Disyllabic Loanwords with Atypical Tonal Patterns --- p.218 / Appendix XIII Disyllabic Loanwords with Other Tonal Influences --- p.220 / Appendix XIV Trisyllabic Loanwords with Atypical Tonal Patterns --- p.222 / Appendix XV Results of Loanword Creation Task --- p.224 / References --- p.233

This dissertation analyses when, how and why Turkish loanwords became incorporated into Bosnian and Bulgarian, as seen in the writings of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bosnian and Bulgarian Franciscans. I analyse Bosnian works (religious and secular) by Matija Divkovic, Ivan Bandulavic, Pavo Posilovic Mošunjanin, Mihovil Radnic, Stjepan Margitic Markovac, Lovro Braculjevic, Filip Lastric, Nikola Marcinkušic Lašvanin, Marko Dobretic, Bono Benic, and Grgo Ilijic-Varešanin. As a Bulgarian counterpart, I analyse three eighteenth-century Bulgarian Franciscan manuscripts and the works of Petar Bogdan Bakšic and Filip Stanislavov. The dissertation consists of eight chapters. The first chapter gives background information on Turkish presence in Bosnia and Bulgaria, the history of the Franciscans in Bosnia and Bulgaria, short biographies of each of the writers whose works are analysed, phonology and orthography. The second chapter focuses on the complications regarding establishing earliest attestations for turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. The third chapter discusses the nominal morphology of turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. This chapter analyses why turkisms developed the gender that they did when borrowed from a language that does not have gender as a category. Chapter four addresses the verbal morphology of turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. Verbal prefixes are discussed in detail, as are Turkish voiced suffixes in Bulgarian. The fifth chapter analyses adjectives and adverbs, with focus on gender and number agreement. The sixth chapter addresses the use of Turkish conjunctions. The seventh chapter looks at the motivation, semantics and setting of turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. The conclusion addresses how morphology, semantics, motivation and setting of turkisms relate to their chronology in Bosnian and Bulgarian and how these areas differ from language to language.

Faculty of Humanities School of Literature, Language and Media University of the Witwatersrand A Master’s Dissertation / This study investigates how Hausa, a West Chadic language (Afro Asiatic phyla) remodells loanwords from English (Indo – European) to suit its pre-existing phonology. Loanword adaptation is quite inevitable due to the fact that languages of the world differ, one from another in many ways: phonological, syntactical, morphological and so on (Inkelas & Zoll, 2003, p. 1). Based on this claim, receptor languages therefore employ ways to rephonologize new words borrowed into their vocabularies to fit, and to conform to native structure demands. Hausa disallows complex onsets, preferably operates open syllables and avoids consonant clustering in word-medial positions as at its best can tolerate no more than a single consonant at a syllable edge (Clements, 2000; Han, 2009). On the contrary, English permits complex onsets as well as closed syllables (Skandera & Burleigh, 2005). Such distinctions in both phonologies motivate for loanword adaptation. Hausa therefore employs repair strategies such as vowel epenthesis, consonant deletions and segmental substitutions and/or replacements (Newman, 2000; Abubakre, 2008; Alqhatani & Musa, 2014) to remodell loanwords. For analytical purposes, this research adopts theoretical tools of Feature Geometry (FG) (Clements & Hume, 1995) and Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 2004) to clearly illustrate how loanwords are modified to satisfy Hausa native demands (Kadenge, 2012). Vowel epenthesis in Hausa involves two main strategies: consonantal assimilation and default insertions. During consonantal assimilation, coronal and labial segments spread place features unto the epenthetic segment in the process determining the vowel type and/or quality, while in the case of default insertions, fresh segments are introduced context independently. Concerning segmental substitutions, most notably are English consonants /p/ and /v/ maximally replaced with similar ones, [f] and [b] that exist in Hausa on the basis that former and latter segments share same phonation features