English loan words (ELWs) have become a considerable part of the contemporary Japanese vocabulary. Meanwhile, it has been shown that there are individual differences in the rate of ELW comprehension. Among the factors for low comprehension is age; people over 60 years old have been shown to comprehend fewer ELWs than the overall age group. As Japan is expected to soon enter the era of an aging society, the issue of ELW comprehension is likely to present serious social and personal problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of frequently used ELWs in contemporary written Japanese, with particular attention to their frequencies, linguistic features, and comprehension rates by people over 60 years old. In order to identify the mediums that are likely to be problematic, three registers were examined: government white papers, books, and internet texts. The study found that the three registers differ in their overall frequencies of ELWs and distributions of the semantic categories, while the distributions of the types of borrowing are similar. It also found that ELWs in certain semantic categories have lower comprehension rates than other categories. Registers that regularly contain low-comprehension ELWs are likely to pose problems for readers over 60 years old.

From the point of view of literary qualities, Prophetic Traditions stand out among Arabic literature. This study aims at selecting some unique words the Prophet used, and search for their presence or absence in the Arabic Although several sources were used, the reliance for the choice of words is mainly on An-Nihayah fi gharib al-Athar of Ibn al-Athir; and for comparison, several published works. literature. The objective is to find out how the Prophetic words affected the literature. An analysis is attempted to arrive at the meaning of these words as used in Hadith literature, literatures preceding or following it, and compare to find whether they have been used at all, and, if used, in the same meaning or not, or whether they are used in a unique sense. Thus, this study brings to light differences between Prophetic literature, and literatures other than it. / Arabic & Islamic Studies / M.A. (Islamic Studies)

<p>Language-play can briefly be described as the wilful manipulation of the peculiarities of a linguistic system in a way that draws attention to these peculiarities themselves, thereby causing a communicative and cognitive effect that goes beyond the conveyance of propositional meaning. Among the various phenomena answering this description are the different kinds of puns, but also more strictly form-based manipulations such as rhymes and alliteration, in addition to a host of other, sometimes even fuzzier, subcategories.</p><p>Due to its unusual nature, and especially its frequently strong dependence on the idiosyncrasies of a particular language, language-play can generally be assumed to constitute a significant challenge in a translation context. Furthermore, given its non-negligible effects, the translator is not free to simply ignore the language-play (provided it has been recognized as such in the first place) without having taken an active stance on its treatment. However, the difficulties in finding a suitable target-language solution are possibly exacerbated if the source text is a complex multimedia product such as a film, the translation of which, normally in the form of dubbing or subtitling, is subject to additional constraints.</p><p>In view of these intricacies, it has been the aim of this study to analyze and measure how language-play in film has actually been treated in authentic dubbing and subtitle versions. As a prerequisite, the concept of language-play has been elaborated on, and more than a dozen subcategories have been described, developed, and employed. For the purpose of carrying out a meaningful analysis of the dubbing and subtitling of language-play, a corpus has been compiled, comprising 18 family films and 99 of their various target versions, most on DVD, and yielding nearly 800 source-text instances of language-play and thousands of translation solutions.</p><p>The results indicate that especially two sets of factors, among the many that are likely to influence a translation, play a prominent role: the type of the language-play, and the identity and working conditions of the translator. By contrast, the mode of translation (dubbing vs. subtitling), the target language, or the general properties of the films, could not be shown to have a sizeable impact.</p>

The graduate's thesis deals with analysis of anglicisms as neologisms on the border of 20th - 21st century in Czech and Russian. In this thesis, the explanation of the causes of the intensive adoption of loanwords from English has been presented. The analysis of anglicisms from the viewpoint of stucture, morphological adaptation and word-forming has been carried out. The secondary aim of this analysis is to trace the manners of integration of anglicims into the Czech language system in comparison with the Russian language.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nelci Vieira de Lima.pdf: 470632 bytes, checksum: c7a4825deb9b3e7083f390bfa303005e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-10 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This dissertation is inserted into the Portuguese Language Post Graduate Studies Programme from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC SP) in the History and Description of Portuguese language research thread , delimited to Linguistic Historiography, discipline in which the methods, established by their precursors Koerner (1996) and Swiggers (2009), allowed us to outline our object of study, namely, the sixteenthcentury and nineteenth-century thoughts about the use of foreign words in Portuguese. Thus, we aim to analyze and compare the first two grammars of Portuguese Language in the century. XVI, namely: João de Barros Grammar and Fernão de Oliveira one, as well as the law project 1676/1999, written by Congressman Aldo Rebelo approved in 2008. Thus, we intend to demonstrate in a comparative chart, the authors concern with borrowed words, relating their views to their contextual aspects. Besides that, Schilienben-Langue (1993, p.138) perspective, to whom what matters, is to portray the history of argumentative communities, in which it is discussed questions related to languages, endorses our course of study into such historiography thread. Taking into account the results obtained, we can say that, although our corpus of documents is composed of different genres, they are both from argumentative communities that face the same issue. Such documents represent an open room for language institutionalization, therefore being classified as linguistic policies, since they bring up human participation into the language. We can further affirm that, to both the grammarians of the sixteenth century, and to Congressman Aldo Rebelo, the twentieth century shows the same concern with borrowed words from the English language into Portuguese, both being against their use, seen t as unnecessary foreign words, as well expressing a strong nationalist feeling. This upholding in dealing with such issues sets our work within a historiography of continuity (SCHILIEBEN-LANGE, 1993, p.137). Finally, we detected that the contact between different peoples has always been a great reason for cultural exchange, including linguistic one. We also observed that, before the human kind bravely crossed the seas to establish such contacts, today, just by a simple connection with worldwide computer network, such contacts are easily established / Esta dissertação se insere no Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, na linha de pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua Portuguesa, delimitando-se à Historiografia Linguística, disciplina cujos métodos, instituídos por seus precursores Koerner (1996) e Swiggers (2009), permitiram-nos delinear nosso objeto de estudo, qual seja: o pensamento seiscentista e novecentista sobre o uso de estrangeirismos na língua portuguesa. Dessa forma, visamos analisar e comparar as duas primeiras Gramáticas da Língua Portuguesa, do séc. XVI, a saber: a de João de Barros e a de Fernão de Oliveira e o Projeto de Lei 1676/1999, de autoria do deputado federal Aldo Rebelo, aprovado no ano de 2008. Pretendemos, assim, construir um quadro comparativo da preocupação dos autores com os empréstimos linguísticos, relacionando seus pontos de vistas a seus aspectos contextuais. Corrobora com justificativa para a realização de nosso percurso historiográfico a perspectiva de Schilieben-Langue (1993, p.138), para quem importa fazer a descrição da história das comunidades argumentativas, nas quais se discutem questões que dizem respeito às línguas. Levando em consideração os resultados obtidos, podemos afirmar que, embora seja o nosso corpus composto por documentos de gêneros diferentes, são ambos oriundos de comunidades argumentativas que se colocaram diante da mesma problemática. Tais documentos se fazem, sobretudo, como um espaço de institucionalização da língua, podendo ser, então, classificados como políticas linguísticas, uma vez que encerram ações humanas sobre a língua. Afirmamos ainda que, tanto os gramáticos do século XVI, quanto o deputado federal Aldo Rebelo, do século XX, denotam a mesma preocupação com os empréstimos linguísticos na língua portuguesa, se posicionando contra o uso, tido como desnecessário, de palavras estrangeiras e manifestando um forte sentimento nacionalista. Essa continuidade no tratamento de tal problemática situa nosso trabalho no âmbito de uma historiografia da continuidade (SCHILIEBEN-LANGUE, 1993, p.137). Por fim, observamos que o contato entre diferentes povos sempre foi motivo de trocas culturais, inclusive linguísticas, e que se antes os homens enfrentaram os mares para o estabelecimento desses contatos, hoje por meio de uma simples conexão com a rede mundial de computadores, tais contatos são estabelecidos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelly Aparecida Mendes.pdf: 22000835 bytes, checksum: 06b8903bf1634e1239c499c3a8198883 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This essay discusses the theme of the interference of American culture in Brazilian culture, manifested by words of English Language in the clothing trade in the city of São Paulo. It aims to analyze the influence of American language and culture in the Brazilian context focusing on linguistic practices and the relationship between language and culture. The specific objective is to analyze the words of the English language presents on the names of shops of three streets in the clothing trade in the city of São Paulo in what regards grammatical classes and semantic aspects, and the relationship of those words with Brazilian culture. The analysis will be based on theoretical reflections of scholars on cultural identities and relationships between language and culture, which are revealing the influences of cultural contacts promoted by globalization nowadays. In the specific case of this paper, we focus on the hypothesis that there is an influence of American culture in Brazilian culture that motivates the preference for words in the English language to compose the names (brands) of shops, confirmed by the results obtained / Esta dissertação tem como tema a interferência da cultura americana na cultura brasileira, manifesta pela presença de palavras de língua inglesa no comércio de vestuário na cidade de São Paulo. Tem como objetivo geral analisar a influência da língua e da cultura americanas no contexto brasileiro com ênfase nas práticas linguísticas e nas relações entre língua e cultura. O objetivo específico é analisar as palavras de língua inglesa presentes nos nomes de lojas de três ruas do comércio de vestuário da cidade de São Paulo no que tange a classes gramaticais e aspectos semânticos, bem como a relação dessas palavras com a cultura brasileira. A análise terá como base teórica as reflexões de estudiosos sobre as identidades culturais e a relações entre língua e cultura, que são reveladoras das influências dos encontros culturais promovidos pela globalização na atualidade. No caso específico deste trabalho, nos concentramos na hipótese de que há uma influência da cultura americana na cultura brasileira que motiva a preferência por palavras de língua inglesa na composição de nomes (marcas) de lojas, confirmada por meio dos resultados obtidos

Language-play can briefly be described as the wilful manipulation of the peculiarities of a linguistic system in a way that draws attention to these peculiarities themselves, thereby causing a communicative and cognitive effect that goes beyond the conveyance of propositional meaning. Among the various phenomena answering this description are the different kinds of puns, but also more strictly form-based manipulations such as rhymes and alliteration, in addition to a host of other, sometimes even fuzzier, subcategories. Due to its unusual nature, and especially its frequently strong dependence on the idiosyncrasies of a particular language, language-play can generally be assumed to constitute a significant challenge in a translation context. Furthermore, given its non-negligible effects, the translator is not free to simply ignore the language-play (provided it has been recognized as such in the first place) without having taken an active stance on its treatment. However, the difficulties in finding a suitable target-language solution are possibly exacerbated if the source text is a complex multimedia product such as a film, the translation of which, normally in the form of dubbing or subtitling, is subject to additional constraints. In view of these intricacies, it has been the aim of this study to analyze and measure how language-play in film has actually been treated in authentic dubbing and subtitle versions. As a prerequisite, the concept of language-play has been elaborated on, and more than a dozen subcategories have been described, developed, and employed. For the purpose of carrying out a meaningful analysis of the dubbing and subtitling of language-play, a corpus has been compiled, comprising 18 family films and 99 of their various target versions, most on DVD, and yielding nearly 800 source-text instances of language-play and thousands of translation solutions. The results indicate that especially two sets of factors, among the many that are likely to influence a translation, play a prominent role: the type of the language-play, and the identity and working conditions of the translator. By contrast, the mode of translation (dubbing vs. subtitling), the target language, or the general properties of the films, could not be shown to have a sizeable impact.

This graduation thesis is focused on the description of the language methods used in the texts of the most significat Czechoslovak journals in the years 1971 {--} 1975. The first part of thesis gives a brief characteristics of the publicist{\crq}s style and defines journalistic dilemma. Separated chapters give a brief summary of the events in the years 1971 {--} 75 and explain history and structure of the most significant Czechoslovak journals in the time of my observation. The second and also the most important part of my thesis is searching lexical methods used in texts: fashion words, cliché, phraseologisms, foreign words etc. Thesis is focused on the description of these methods and the characteristic of their practical use in the text.

This diploma thesis {\clqq}Foreign words in the sports publicism`` consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of publicistic diction in the particular sports publicism. Then it discusses the process of taking-over foreign words into the Czech lexicon and it also presents the sources used. The practical part stems from the lingual analysis of spoken and written sports publicism. It gives examples of commonly used foreign words in Czech sports publicism, compares a periodical dating before the Second World War with a contemporary professional magazine and shows professionals´ opinions of taking-over foreign words into sports publicism.

Les emprunts sémitiques en grec, au-delà des questions idéologiques qui leur sont liées, posent une série de problèmes méthodologiques. En effet, la plupart des études sur le sujet qui ont été menées jusqu’à aujourd’hui ont omis la mise en contexte historique et n’ont pas suffisamment développé l’analyse du processus d’adaptation menant de l’étymon à l’emprunt, aboutissant ainsi à des incohérences chronologiques et linguistiques.<p>Le présent ouvrage fournit donc, après un chapitre de définitions relatives à l’emprunt et à l’étymologie et un autre consacré aux différentes études existantes sur les emprunts sémitiques en grec, une présentation générale du contexte historique et économique de la Méditerranée orientale au IIe millénaire a.C. ainsi que des langues en présence, suivie d’un chapitre reprenant les modifications phonétiques, morphologiques, sémantiques et accentuelles qu’un mot peut subir lorsqu’il est emprunté par une autre langue.<p>Viennent ensuite un chapitre expliquant la méthodologie utilisée pour l’analyse de cas concrets, puis les analyses elles-mêmes. Elles sont au nombre de neuf :trois noms de plantes (κ&973;μ&953;ν&959;ν, « cumin », κ&973;π&949;&953;&961;&959;ν, « souchet », σ&941;λ&953;ν&959;ν ,« céleri »), deux noms de récipients (&7936;σ&940;μ&953;ν&952;&959;&962; « baignoire », φ&953;&940;λ&951; un récipient) et quatre noms de métiers ou institution (βασ&953;λ&949;&973;&962; « chef local, roi », damokoro, un fonctionnaire (?), ζ&940;κ&959;&961;&959;&962; un fonctionnaire du temple, &964;&941;μ&949;ν&959;&962; « portion de territoire réservée à un chef ou à une divinité »). Ces mots offrent un large panorama des difficultés liées à l’étude des emprunts sémitiques en grec et des solutions proposées par l’auteur à la lumière des précédents chapitres. <p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished