Orientador: Arício Xavier Linhares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paseto_MariaLigia_M.pdf: 4097139 bytes, checksum: 636aa898d010e0e0ee7e144b712662a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os insetos associados a cadáveres podem fornecer informações relevantes como tempo, local e modo da morte, identificação de autor ou da vítima de um crime contra a pessoa, detecção de drogas que tenham ocasionado o óbito e constatação de maus tratos e negligências de incapazes. Ao longo do processo de decomposição de um corpo ocorrem visitas e colonizações de espécies necrófagas. Condições meteorológicas, características do ambiente, o estágio de decomposição, o peso e tamanho da carcaça interferem na diversidade desta fauna visitante e colonizadora. No Brasil há registros de alta diversidade de sarcofagídeos atraídos por carcaças, mas poucos são os estudos sobre a sua riqueza no bioma Cerrado. Em relação às borboletas, não há uma importância direta para a Entomologia Forense, mas um estudo com esta abordagem pode contribuir para o conhecimento de bioindicadores e da riqueza destes insetos na região de interesse. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a fauna de Sarcophagidae e Lepidoptera associada ao processo de decomposição de carcaças de Sus scrofa L., bem como sua diversidade e abundância, em duas estações do ano e em dois ambientes da Fazenda Experimental do Glória, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Abstract: The insects associated with corpses can provide relevant information, such as time, place and mode of death, identification of the authors and victims of violent crimes, detection of drugs, that may be the cause of death, and findings related to abuse and neglect of the incapable. Throughout the process of decomposition of a body visits and colonizations necrophagous species occur. Meteorological conditions, characteristics of the environment, the stage of decomposition, the weight and size of a carcass influence the diversity of visitors and colonizing fauna. In Brazil, there are records of high diversity of Sarcophagidae attracted to carcasses, but there are few studies on its richness in the "Cerrado" biome. The species of Lepidoptera, found in experiments associated with decomposing carcasses, are generally considered unimportant to forensic entomology, but a study with this approach can contribute to the knowledge of biomarkers and wealth of these insects in the region of interest. This study aimed to determine the fauna of Sarcophagidae and Lepidoptera associated with the process of decomposition of Sus scrofa L., as well as your diversity and abundance, in two seasons and two different areas at the Experimental Farm of Glória, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil / Mestrado / Biodiversidade Animal / Mestra em Biologia Animal

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-12T12:22:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Barbosa, 2015 (Biblioteca).pdf: 1702941 bytes, checksum: 656dcfc0d79bf790cef3055ca31e3579 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T12:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Barbosa, 2015 (Biblioteca).pdf: 1702941 bytes, checksum: 656dcfc0d79bf790cef3055ca31e3579 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / FACEPE / Estudos sobre dípteros necrófagos no Brasil têm revelado uma elevada riqueza de espécies associadas à decomposição de carcaças e cadáveres. Entretanto, apesar da extensão região litorânea do Brasil, inventários faunísticos nesses ambientes são negligenciados, bem como a avaliação do potencial de moscas necrófagas como indicadoras de local de morte – uma importante faceta da Entomologia. Este estudo objetivou analisar a diversidade e o potencial forense dos dípteros das famílias Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae em ambientes litorâneos do estado de Pernambuco sob diferentes graus de influência antrópica. As coletas foram realizadas entre julho de 2012 a agosto de 2013 em seis praias, sendo duas expostas a cada nível de impacto humano. As praias selecionadas foram: Pau Amarelo, Piedade (alta antropização), Itamaracá, Serrambi (média antropização), Carne de Vaca e Tamandaré (baixa antropização). Armadilhas suspensas iscadas com 150 g de fígado de frango ou sardinha foram mantidas em campo por 48 horas em cada expedição de coleta. Foram capturados 6.521 adultos pertencentes a 41 espécies. Sarcophagidae foi a família mais abundante com 53,5% dos indivíduos, seguida por Muscidae (36,0%) e Fanniidae 13,6%. Atherigona orientalis, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma e Fannia pusio foram as espécies mais abundantes de cada família no litoral de Pernambuco. Houve ainda o registro de espécies com potencial forense e sanitário, por causar danos à saúde de animais e de humanos ou auxiliar em questões legais, por exemplo, Musca domestica, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Sarcodexia lambens e Fannia canicularis. Destaca-se a alta riqueza de sarcofagídeos, com 26 espécies, das quais cinco constituem novos registros para o Nordeste, além do primeiro registro de Peckia (Peckia) villegasi para o Brasil. Em relação ao nível de antropização, praias com menores níveis de ação antrópica concentraram 42,6% dos espécimes. Observou-se um alto número de espécies consideradas sinantrópicas, por exemplo, M. domestica, P. chrysostoma, Ophyra chalcogaster, O. aenescens e F. pusio. As contribuições do estudo fortalecem o conhecimento sobre a riqueza e distribuição de dípteros necrófagos na Região Neotropical e fornecem perspectivas para utilização desse grupo como bioindicadoras da qualidade ambiental. / Studies on necrophagous dipterans in Brazil have revealed a high richness of species associated with decomposing carcasses and cadavers. However, despite the extension of the coastal region in Brazil, faunistic surveys in those environments are neglected, as well as the assessment of the potential of necrophagous flies as indicators of site of death – an important aspect of Forensic Entomology. This study aimed at analyzing the diversity and the forensic potential of dipterans from the families Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae in coastal environments in the State of Pernambuco under different degrees of anthropogenic influence. Samplings were performed between July 2012 and August 2013 in six beaches, two of each exposed to a different human impact. The beaches selected were Pau Amarelo, Piedade (high impact), Itamaracá, Serrambi (intermediate impact), Carne de Vaca and Tamandaré (low impact). Suspended traps baited with 150 g of chicken liver and or sardine were kept in the field for 48 h in each sampling expedition. 6,521 adults from 41 species were collected. Sarcophagidae was the most abundant Family with 53.5% specimens, followed by Muscidae (36.0%) and Fanniidae 13.6%. Atherigona orientalis, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma and Fannia pusio were the most abundant species of each family in the littoral of Pernambuco. Also, species of forensic and sanitary relevance were registered, as they cause damage to the health of humans and other animals or for their use in legal procedures, such as Musca domestica, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Sarcodexia lambens and Fannia canicularis. Of particular importance is the high richness of flesh flies, with 26 species, of which five are new registers for the Northeastern Region and Peckia (Peckia) villegasi is first reported in Brazil. Regarding the level of anthropogenic influence, beaches with lower impact comprised 42.6% of all individuals. A high number of synanthropic species was related, as it is the case of M. domestica, P. chrysostoma, Ophyra chalcogaster, O. aenescens and F. pusio. The contribution from this study strengthens the knowledge on the richness and distribution of necrophagous dipterans in the Neotropical Region and offers some perspective on the use of those insects as bioindicators of environmental quality.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-19T15:30:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE KAYNARA CECILIA NERY RABELO.pdf: 2652314 bytes, checksum: e260b3caf6e8bee65596000a545c79d1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T15:30:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE KAYNARA CECILIA NERY RABELO.pdf: 2652314 bytes, checksum: e260b3caf6e8bee65596000a545c79d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Insetos e outros artrópodes quando em locais de crime podem servir como vestígio criminal. O advento da genética forense pode auxiliar na obtenção do DNA humano a partir destes insetos, podendo relacionar o suspeito a cena do crime. Desta forma, esta pesquisa objetivou a obtenção e a comparação do perfil genético humano extraído de mosquitos hematófagos com diferentes metodologias para a extração de DNA, analisando os seguintes fatores: variação temporal para obtenção dos perfis genéticos após a hematofagia; a obtenção e a comparação dos perfis de DNA humano do sangue proveniente do trato digestivo dos mosquitos hematófagos com as amostras referências (saliva) de voluntários; influência da amônia, ácido lático e tipo sanguíneo, além da temperatura corporal dos voluntários e a relação na atratividade dos mosquitos e consequente obtenção do material genético; avaliou-se também a mistura de perfis genéticos provenientes de um único mosquito e o intervalo temporal após a hematofagia. Para a análise da comparação das extrações foi utilizado o kit DNA IQTM ,a resina Chelex® 100 e extração com NaOH; e para as outras variáveis em estudo utilizou-se somente o DNA IQTM. A quantificação foi realizada com o Quantifiler® Duo e a amplificação com o kit AMPFlSTR Identifiler® Plus® PCR, que analisou 15 loci STR e amelogenina. A quantificação para o estudo das misturas de DNA nos mosquitos foi realizada com PowerPlex 16HS System. Os dados foram analisados através do programa estatístico PATCAN v. 1.2 software e para a análise das misturas foi utilizado o programa DNA MIX v. 3.2 software. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do DNA IQTM foi melhor quando comparado a resina Chelex® 100, com obtenção de perfis viáveis em até 72h após a refeição sanguínea. Não foi obtido perfil de DNA quando utilizado NaOH. Os resultados demonstraram também uma confrontação positiva entre o sangue encontrado no trato digestivo dos mosquitos e o material genético cedido pelos voluntários, como amostra referência. As análises bioquímicas demonstraram que o tipo sanguíneo com maior número de obtenção de perfil genético foi o tipo O; além disso, foi constatado valores de normalidade para o exame de lactato, mas para a análise de amônia foi obtido DNA também com valores maiores que o padrão de referência para este tipo de exame, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Houve obtenção de DNA nas temperaturas corporais registradas entre 36ºC a 37º C. Foi observado também que mistura de DNAs humano pode ser detectado a partir de um único mosquito hematófago. Desta forma, os resultados demonstraram que os mosquitos hematófagos quando encontrados em cenas de crimes tem efetivo valor forense. / Insects and others arthropods can be used as traces when located in the crime scene. The advent of forensic genetic can assist in obtaining human DNA from these insects, relating the suspect to the crime scene. So, this research aimed the obtainment and the comparison of the human gene profile extracted for the hematophagous mosquitoes with different methodologies to the DNA extraction, analyzing the following factors: temporal variation to the obtainment of the genetic profile after the hematophagy; obtainment and comparison of the human gene profile from the hematophagous mosquitoes´ digestive tract with the volunteers´ samples (saliva); influence of ammonia, lactic acid and blood type, besides the volunteers’ body temperature and the relation on mosquitoes´ attractiveness and genetic material obtainment; the compound of the genetic profile from one mosquito and temporal intermission after hematophagy was also evaluated. DNA IQTM, resin Chelex® 100 and extraction with NaOH was used to the analyses of the extract comparison. The quantification was held with Quantifiler® Duo and the amplification with AMPFlSTR Identifiler® Plus® PCR kit, that analyzed 15 loci STR and amelogenin. The quantification to study the compound of DNA in the mosquitoes was held with PowerPlex 16HS System. Data were analyzed through statistic program PATCAN v. 1.2 software and to analyze the profiles mixtures DNA MIX v. 3.2 software program was used. The results showed that the use of DNA IQTM was typical when compared with Chelex® 100, and success in gene amplification with obtainment of viable profiles up to 72 hours after blood meal. DNA profile was not obtained when used NaOH. The results also showed a positive confrontation between blood found in the mosquitoes´ digestive tract and the material assigned by the volunteers, with reference sample. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the blood type with bigger obtainment number obtained profile gene was type O; besides that the human DNA profiles were achieved from hematophagous mosquitoes when compared with the correspondent biochemical analysis of the volunteer found normal values to lactate exam, but to ammonia analysis was obtained DNA with higher values than the reference standard to this type of exam, in both gender. There was DNA obtainment from body temperatures registered between 36°C to 37°C. It was also observed that human DNA compound can detected through a only single hematophagous mosquito. With that the results showed hematophagous mosquitoes when found in the crime scene have effective forensic value.

Orientador: Patricia Jacqueline Thyssen / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alonso_MarcelaAquiyama_M.pdf: 1564049 bytes, checksum: 75bec9069782a8cb90070bdbf5ad0c93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os insetos constituem o grupo mais diversificado e abundante do Reino Animal, com ampla diversidade morfológica, fisiológica e de hábitos alimentares e por isso podem ser encontrados em vários habitats e ecossistemas. Insetos necrófagos podem ser vestígios e fontes de informações de interesse forense, como para a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM), baseada, por exemplo, na idade dos imaturos que se criam em corpos em decomposição. O desenvolvimento desses insetos pode ser afetado pela variação de temperatura e presença de substâncias tóxicas nos tecidos de um cadáver, entre outros fatores. Chrysomya megacephala (F.) e Chrysomya putoria (W.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), introduzidas no Brasil, são consideradas de importância forense, médico e veterinária, devido aos seus comportamentos sinantrópicos e necrófagos. No presente estudo foi avaliado o tempo de desenvolvimento de imaturos na fase embrionária e pós-embrionária de C. megacephala e C. putoria sob diferentes temperaturas e / ou presença de cloridrato de fluoxetina, um antidepressivo, em fígado de coelho, o substrato alimentar. A relação entre temperatura e desenvolvimento, na fase embrionária, foi similar entre ambas as espécies. O tempo de desenvolvimento dos ovos para C. megacephala variou aproximadamente de 64-7h a 13 e 35 °C, respectivamente, e para C. putoria de 69-8h a 13 e 35 °C, respectivamente. Houve eclosão de larvas a 13 °C, mas as mesmas não completaram o desenvolvimento. A temperatura e o cloreto de fluoxetina afetaram o desenvolvimento dos imaturos, na fase na pós-embrionária. Para ambas as espécies, as larvas do grupo controle completaram seu desenvolvimento 24h mais rápido que o grupo com fluoxetina a 17 °C, mas apresentaram o desenvolvimento 12h mais lento a 35 °C. Estudos considerando tempo real de desenvolvimento dos ovos e avaliando como a combinação de duas ou mais variáveis podem influenciar o desenvolvimento de insetos de interesse forense são de grande valia para aumentar a acurácia da estimativa do IPM / Abstract: Insects are the most diverse and abundant group of the Animal Kingdom, with great diversity of morphological, physiological and feeding habits and are found in nearly all habitats and ecosystems. Scavengers species can provide important information of forensic interest, as the post-mortem interval (PMI) estimate, based on, e.g., the age of the larvae reared in decomposing bodies. The development of these insects can be affected by temperature oscillation and presence of toxic substances, among other factors, on the rearing media. Chrysomya megacephala (F.) and Chrysomya putoria (W.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), introduced in Brazil, are considered of forensic, medical and veterinary importance, due to their necrophagous and synanthropic behaviour. This study evaluated the developmental time of C. megacephala and C. putoria under different temperatures and / or with fluoxetine hydrochloride, an antidepressant drug, in rabbit liver, the rearing substrate. The relationship between temperature and development, on the embryonic phase, was similar for both species. Egg developmental time for C. megacephala was approximately of 64-7h at 13 and 35 °C, respectively, and for C. putoria was 69-8h at 13 and 35 °C, respectively. The larval hatching occurred at 13 °C, but, at this temperature, the larval development was not completed. Both temperature and fluoxetine hydrochloride, when present, affected the development of the larvae. For both species, the larvae of control group completed their development 24h faster than the fluoxetine hydrochloride group at 17 °C, but the development was 12h slower at 35 °C. Studies considering real egg developmental time and evaluating, simultaneously, the insects' response for two or more variables that might influence their development are of great value to increase the accuracy of PMI estimate / Mestrado / Relações Antrópicas, Meio Ambiente e Parasitologia / Mestra em Biologia Animal

The accurate estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important determinations in a forensic investigation of decomposing human remains. Forensic entomology has gained popularity in death investigation due to its reliability and precision in the estimation of the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI). Forensically significant insects are mainly necrophagous species, which feed only on decomposing animal matter, and the most common necrophagous insects are the blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Estimations of the mPMI by entomological methods are made using the known developmental rates of various species of blowfly and via the successional patterns of the carrion insect community in a given region. It is generally assumed that blowflies oviposit quickly after death, so in many cases this time may equate to the time since death. The precision of mPMI estimations based on the developmental rates of blowflies often relies on this assumption. Rainfall may effect decomposition by inhibiting access of insects to the cadaver or carcass for oviposition. The current study investigated the effects of rainfall on blowfly activity, behavior, and overall decomposition of decaying animal material in an outdoor environment in the northeastern United States, conducted at the Boston University Outdoor Research Facility (ORF). It was hypothesized that natural rainfall, typically light to moderate in the geographic area of study, will disturb initial blowfly activity by acting as a physical barrier, diminishing access to the remains, and creating a delay in colonization and subsequent larval development. This hypothesized delay would result in an underestimation of the mPMI by entomological methods when rainfall has occurred. Also examined were several questions about the nocturnal behavior of blowflies and their activity in heavy rain. In the experimental trial 12 pig (Sus scrofa) heads were exposed under normal conditions (N; no rain controls), and 15 pig heads were exposed under rainy conditions (R; rain treatment), split into uncovered (N, n=6; R, n=5), covered (NC, n=5; RC, n=5), and covered partially (RCP, n=5) treatments. Additionally, there were three pig heads used in a preliminary trial and three pig heads exposed in an active rain trial. Generally, the results show that while a negative correlation exists between the amount of rainfall experienced and the coded number of flies observed, the light to moderate rainfall typical of many rainy days in the northeastern Unites States will not totally inhibit blowfly activity or disturb established maggot masses. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined that there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the N, NC, R, RC, and RCP treatments in the number of days it took to reach the advanced decomposition stage. While constant, heavy rainfall may inhibit blowfly activity; the results suggest that the irregularity of natural rainfall would rarely produce the conditions necessary for this to make a significant impact estimation of the PMI by entomological methods, although further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. The results show a positive correlation between solar radiation and the coded number of flies observed. Time of day as a function of the coded number of flies observed during the first 48 hours of exposure forms a bimodal bell curve, confirming that blowflies are diurnal in their natural environment. Additionally, evidence of scavenging by turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) and some unknown animal(s) was observed. The results of this study illustrate the complicated, multivariable nature of the process of decomposition. This study provides preliminary data on the effect of rainfall on blowfly activity and overall decomposition, while future studies will be required to determine the effects of the duration and the intensity of rainfall.

El estudio de la comunidad entomosarcosaprófaga reviste interés tanto por el conocimiento zoológico en sí mismo, como por su aplicación en la práctica medicolegal. En la península Ibérica los estudios sobre esta comunidad son muy escasos, siendo necesario el uso de datos procedentes de áreas biogeográficas diferentes, cuestión no deseable que resta fiabilidad a las conclusiones obtenidas. Por tanto, para prevenir el uso de datos foráneos, se hace necesario el conocimiento de las faunas locales y sus diferentes hábitats Para el estudio de la fauna sarcosaprófaga de la región de Murcia se utilizó una Trampa de Schoenly modificada cebada con carcasas de pollo parcialmente descarnadas con las vísceras en su interior. La trampa se situó en Campo de Experiencias Agrícolas y Forestales de la Universidad de Murcia, como lugar representativo de hábitat árido semiurbano. Se realizaron 4 muestreos correspondientes con las cuatro estaciones anuales. En el presente estudio se exponen los datos de la fauna entomosarcosaprófaga. Se capturaron 208 taxones diferentes, pertenecientes a 18 órdenes de Chaelicerata, Crustacea, Myriapoda e Insecta. Se muestran además los datos de cada uno de los taxones capturados en relación con la fase de la descomposición y la estación de muestreo, caracterizando las especies mejores indicadores y estudiando su importancia en la práctica medicolegal. / The study of entomosarcosaprophagous community has interest in two aspects: the zoological knowledge itself and its utility in medico-legal practice. The knowledge of local fauna and its different habitats could provide a useful data base for forensic investigation. It will be very interesting to prevent the use of data from different biogeographical area with a different faunistic composition and environmental characteristics. To study the sacrcosaprophagous community a modified version of the trap designed by Schoenly was used. The trap was site in the Agricultural and Forestal Experimental field station of the University of Murcia. This site is representative of seminatural place and arid environment. The four series of carried out corresponded to the four season of the year. The trap was baited with chicken carcasses with the flesh partially removed and the viscera inside. We present the entomological fauna captured in relation to sarcosaprophagous fauna in this semiarid environment. We capture 208 different taxa. They are included in 18 orders of Chaelicerata, Crustacea, Myriapoda and Insecta. We present the data of every taxa captured concerning the season and decomposition stage, in addition we present the most indicative species and its importance in medicolegal practice.

This thesis was focused on suitability of selected molecular markers for detection of genetic variability of four species from the family Calliphoridae important in the forensic entomology. A set of eight markers, both mitochondrial (COI, ND6, CytB, CR) and nuclear (RP S12, RP S13, RP L12, PB2), were applied on samples from natural populations of representative species (Calliphora vicina, Lucilia caesar, Lucilia sericata, Phormia regina) most common in the Czech Republic. Level of detected variability was evaluated and compared, both with respect to the particular species as well as their geographic origin.

The forensic application of entomology is well known, but it is generally a field which concentrates on Diptera. Many Coleoptera also have forensic application, but are generally neglected by forensic entomology researchers. Necrophilic Coleoptera are diverse and therefore have application in estimating Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) by community composition, but they are also valuable in estimating PMI by development. In addition, Coleoptera are more common in stored product cases. Six species of forensically important Coleoptera were studied, three from the family Dermestidae (Dermestes haemorrhoidalis, D. maculatus and D. peruvianus) and three from the family Silphidae (Silpha punctulata, Thanatophilus micans and T. mutilatus). The effect of killing method and storage time on larval length was investigated in T. micans. Coleopteran larvae were shown not to behave in the same way as dipteran larvae. In contrast to dipteran larvae, it is recommended that coleopteran larvae be killed using ethanol. A development model is presented for T. micans. This represents the first statistically robust development model for forensically important Coleoptera, and the first development model for forensically important Silphidae. The model offers a method of estimating PMI which can be used once Diptera are no longer present on a corpse. Upper lethal temperature limits for four species of carcass beetle were determined. A comparison between species shows distinct differentiation between families and species. This differentiation accounts for microhabitat differences which these species show on carcasses. Bioclimatic models for the six species showed contrasting distributions, with both widespread and localised species. These models allow forensic investigators to assess whether the absence of a species from a corpse is forensically significant, or a result of the species distributions. Moisture-related variables were shown to be more important in predicting species distributions than temperature at a regional scale. Forensic entomology standards can be adjusted based on the findings of this study. Length was again shown to be an inferior measurement of larval age. Coleopteran development has been shown to be useful, and should be given greater consideration in future work. T. micans has been shown to be capable of locating and ovipositing on carcasses promptly after death, making it a good forensic indicator. Further work is needed for the full potential of necrophilic Coleoptera to be realised.

Orientador: Claudio José Von Zuben / Banca: Aricio Xavier Linhares / Banca: Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy / Resumo: A ordem Diptera desperta grande interesse nos estudos científicos devido à importância agrícola, sanitária, veterinária e forense, dependendo da espécie em estudo. A espécie Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) foi introduzida há cerca de 30 anos no Brasil e é de considerável importância médico-sanitária, além de poder ser utilizada em estudos forenses, na estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em humanos. A espécie Musca domestica (Linnaeus) tem distribuição cosmopolita e é bastante comum no ambiente urbano e pode também transportar formas infectantes de muitas doenças. Nessas moscas, após o desenvolvimento dos imaturos em substratos discretos e efêmeros, as larvas abandonam o substrato alimentar em busca de um sítio para pupação, processo chamado de dispersão larval pós-alimentar. No entanto, em ambiente natural, tanto a fonte alimentar como o substrato de pupação podem estar contaminados com substâncias químicas, sendo que algumas destas podem ser de interesse forense ou ser aplicadas no controle de pragas. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho é procurar dar contribuição a um melhor conhecimento dos efeitos do ansiolítico Diazepam [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] sobre o desenvolvimento larval e comportamento de dispersão larval e do inseticida Fipronil [Regent 800 WG®] sobre a dispersão pós-alimentar das larvas de duas espécies de moscas (C. megacephala e M. domestica). Na análise do desenvolvimento larval, pôde-se observar que a presença de Diazepam no substrato alimentar aumenta o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, retardando o ganho de massa por tempo nas duas espécies estudadas, quando se compara ao grupo controle. Já o comportamento de dispersão larval foi alterado na presença de Fipronil ou de Diazepam, em relação ao controle, sendo que a profundidade de enterramento e a distância das pupas do centro de irradiação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Some species of Diptera have a great medical and veterinary importance, acting as vectors of many diseases, addiction of having a considerable agricultural, commercial and ecological importance and other ones having forensic importance. Flies utilize discrete and ephemeral breeding sites for larval nutrition. After the exhaustion of food, larvae begin dispersing in search of sites to pupate or to additional food sources, a process referred as post feeding larval dispersal. However, in natural environments these breeding or feeding sites can be contaminated with chemical substances. Some of these substances can be of forensic interest or be applied in pest control. In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the effect of Diazepam® [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] and Fipronil® [Regent 800 WG®] on immature stages of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). The larvae were reared on artificial diet and rabbit liver on which different dosages of Diazepam were administrated in order to study the effects of this drug on the development and post feeding larval dispersal of the two species. Different dosages of the insecticide Fipronil were disposed in circular arena used as pupation substrate to investigate the effects on post feeding larval dispersal. The results showed that time required for larval development were significantly longer in colonies fed in contact with Diazepam than in the control ones, delaying the increase of mass per unit time in the two studied species. The larval dispersal behavior was modified in the presence of Fipronil and Diazepam, in comparison to arenas without the drugs. It was also observed that the burial depth and distance of the irradiation center were shorter than in the control groups for the two species... (Complete abstract click electronic address below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_g_me_rcla.pdf: 2270133 bytes, checksum: d4e2f6bb8bc021e8025a823eb3f7a791 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A ordem Diptera desperta grande interesse nos estudos científicos devido à importância agrícola, sanitária, veterinária e forense, dependendo da espécie em estudo. A espécie Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) foi introduzida há cerca de 30 anos no Brasil e é de considerável importância médico-sanitária, além de poder ser utilizada em estudos forenses, na estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em humanos. A espécie Musca domestica (Linnaeus) tem distribuição cosmopolita e é bastante comum no ambiente urbano e pode também transportar formas infectantes de muitas doenças. Nessas moscas, após o desenvolvimento dos imaturos em substratos discretos e efêmeros, as larvas abandonam o substrato alimentar em busca de um sítio para pupação, processo chamado de dispersão larval pós-alimentar. No entanto, em ambiente natural, tanto a fonte alimentar como o substrato de pupação podem estar contaminados com substâncias químicas, sendo que algumas destas podem ser de interesse forense ou ser aplicadas no controle de pragas. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho é procurar dar contribuição a um melhor conhecimento dos efeitos do ansiolítico Diazepam [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] sobre o desenvolvimento larval e comportamento de dispersão larval e do inseticida Fipronil [Regent 800 WG®] sobre a dispersão pós-alimentar das larvas de duas espécies de moscas (C. megacephala e M. domestica). Na análise do desenvolvimento larval, pôde-se observar que a presença de Diazepam no substrato alimentar aumenta o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, retardando o ganho de massa por tempo nas duas espécies estudadas, quando se compara ao grupo controle. Já o comportamento de dispersão larval foi alterado na presença de Fipronil ou de Diazepam, em relação ao controle, sendo que a profundidade de enterramento e a distância das pupas do centro de irradiação... / Some species of Diptera have a great medical and veterinary importance, acting as vectors of many diseases, addiction of having a considerable agricultural, commercial and ecological importance and other ones having forensic importance. Flies utilize discrete and ephemeral breeding sites for larval nutrition. After the exhaustion of food, larvae begin dispersing in search of sites to pupate or to additional food sources, a process referred as post feeding larval dispersal. However, in natural environments these breeding or feeding sites can be contaminated with chemical substances. Some of these substances can be of forensic interest or be applied in pest control. In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the effect of Diazepam® [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] and Fipronil® [Regent 800 WG®] on immature stages of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). The larvae were reared on artificial diet and rabbit liver on which different dosages of Diazepam were administrated in order to study the effects of this drug on the development and post feeding larval dispersal of the two species. Different dosages of the insecticide Fipronil were disposed in circular arena used as pupation substrate to investigate the effects on post feeding larval dispersal. The results showed that time required for larval development were significantly longer in colonies fed in contact with Diazepam than in the control ones, delaying the increase of mass per unit time in the two studied species. The larval dispersal behavior was modified in the presence of Fipronil and Diazepam, in comparison to arenas without the drugs. It was also observed that the burial depth and distance of the irradiation center were shorter than in the control groups for the two species... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)