The discovery of integrability in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills and ABJM has enabled a precise study of AdS/CFT. In the past decade integrability has been successfully applied to the spectrum of anomalous dimensions, which can now be obtained at any value of the coupling. However, in order to solve conformal field theories one also needs to understand their structure constants. Recently, there has been great progress in this direction with the all-loop proposal of Basso, Komatsu and Vieira. But there is still much to understand, as it is not yet possible to use that formalism to find structure constants of short operators at strong coupling. It is important to study wrapping corrections and resum them as the TBA did for the spectrum. It is also crucial to obtain perturbative data that can be used to check if the all-loop proposal is correct or if there are new structures that need to be unveiled. In this thesis we compute several structure constants of short operators at strong coupling, including the structure constant of Konishi with half-BPS operators. Still at strong coupling, we find a relation between the building blocks of superstring amplitudes and the tensor structures allowed by conformal symmetry. We also consider the case of extremal correlation functions and the relation of their poles to mixing with double-trace operators. We also study three-point functions at weak coupling. We take the OPE limit in a four-point function of half-BPS operators in order to shed some light on the structure of five-loop wrapping corrections of the Hexagon form factors. Finally, we take the first steps in the generalization of the Hexagon programme to other theories. We find the non-extremal setup in ABJM and the residual symmetry that it preserves, which we use to fix the two-particle form factor and constrain the four-particle hexagon. Finally, we find that the Watson equations hint at a dressing phase that needs to be further investigated.

Abstract (SE) Denna uppsats är den slutliga delen på Medieproducentprogrammet vid Umeå Universitet, inklusive ett påbyggnadsår. Det vill säga att uppsatsen är en kandidatuppsat, även kallad C-uppsats. Syftet med denna var att fördjupa kunskaper och bredda kompetens inom grafisk design, framförallt för tryck och målet var att finna svar på frågeställningar som funnits under utbildningens gång. Framförallt att finna svar på frågan ”vilken betydelse har typografin i analogt format?”. Ett annat mål var även att testa tesen ”det är jobbigare/svårare att läsa text skriven i annan färg än svart på vit/ljus bakgrund”. Den riktar sig till dig som är av olika anledningar intresserad av typografi och dess betydelse, framförallt i tryck. Uppsatsen berör typografins historia, uppbyggnad och basregler. Uppsatsen presenterar även en genomförd undersökning om betydelsen i tryckt format, dock inte en statistisk undersökning, utan en mer empirisk undersökning som fångar upp ett gäng åsikter och värderingar om användandet av typografi. Resultatet av undersökningen presenteras med texter och tabeller och visar på motsättning av vad litteraturen skriver. Undersökningen visar på att människor föredrar att läsa text skriven i sans-seriffer i analogt format, samt att det inte är jobbigare/svårare att läsa text skriven i annan färg än svart på vit/ljus bakgrund. Resutatet av sidoprojektet visas med texter och bilder för att du som läsare ska få en överblick om utseendet och hur resultatet från undersökningen samt teorin implicerats – att man i resultatet valt att skriva med sans-seriffer och utgå från teorins basregler för vad man ska ha i åtanke vid utformning av trycksaker. Uppsatsen har sneglat på vetenskapliga artiklar. Detta kan man läsa om framförallt under diskussionsavsnittet. Där finner man även förslag till fortsatta studier och forskning inom området typografi, samt tankar kring arbetet i sin helhet. / Abstract (EN) This paper is the final part of the Media Producer Program at Umeå University, including a supplementary year. This essay is a Bachelor thesis in media technology. The purpose of this was to deepen my knowledge and extend my skills in graphic design, especially for printing. The goal was to find an answer to the question "what is the significance of typography in the analog format?". Another purpose was to test the hypothesis "it is harder to read text written in a different color than black on a white/light background". This thesis are for those who are interested in typography and its importance. The thesis also refer to the history about typography, the structure and basic rules. It also presents a survey of its significance in the analog format. Not a statistical survey, but an empirical study that captures a bunch of opinions and values ​​about the use of typography. The results of the survey are presented with texts and tables, and it shows a disagreement to what the literature says. The result shows that people read text written with sans-serifs rather than text written with serifs. It also shows that people doesn’t thinks it’s harder to read text written with other colors than black on light backgrounds.   The result of the side project appears with texts and pictures, so you  can get an overview about the layout and how the results of the study, and the theory, are implicated. In the essay I have also looked at scientific articles. You can read about that in the discussion section, where you also find suggestions to further studies and research in typography, as well as thoughts on the work in its entirety.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between the Stanford-Binet, Form L-M and the French Pictorial Test of Intelligence in a group of educable mental retardates.

State grants are perceived to mitigate the fiscal disparities among local governments in providing services. However, cutbacks in state grants as a result of changes in state grant policy in different states affect local expenditures dedicated to maintaining service provisions to citizens. This dissertation constructs a theoretical model to explain the extent to which and the ways in which types of state grants, revenue diversity, and form of local government impact local spending and the provision of public programs when local governments experience cuts in state grants. The dissertation also argues that when facing state grant cuts, local governments with a council-manager form of government and with higher revenue diversity will experience reduced change in local expenditures and that decreases in state categorical grants will lead to more cuts in distributive program expenditures. Given the diversity of state and local arrangements, this dissertation conducts a comparative and panel data study to test the hypotheses in 351 and 271 municipalities in Massachusetts and Colorado, respectively, in 2000 through 2008. The empirical results indicate that the form of government and the degree of revenue diversification have a greater impact on the local spending behaviors in Colorado than in Massachusetts. Meanwhile, decreases in state categorical grants lead to more cuts in distributive program expenditures in both Massachusetts and Colorado. This dissertation concludes that the theoretical model explains the effects of state grant reductions on local spending better in Colorado than it does in Massachusetts.

The term ballade is the French and German spelling of the English word "ballad" and the Italian ballata. Although each of these terms is derived from the Latin ballare, meaning "to dance," each denotes an entirely different meaning. The synonomous usage of these terms is definitely misleading (1,p. 67), Frederic Chopin, 1810-1849, was first to use this term as a title for piano compositions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the formal characteristics of each of the four ballades that Chopin wrote for solo piano and to determine,through a comparison of the similarities and differences, some identifying characteristics of a ballade. These characteristics will be illustrated through a formal analysis of each ballade.

Hugo Wolf drew the strands of form, rhythm, and other elements together to form tightly woven songs, each element of which can be traced to the text as its original inspiration. Truly this was a genius of romantic expression, who took the tools developed by his predecessors in song, tempered them with his own sensitive personality, and used them to the fullest in setting the meaning and the mood, as well as the words, of the poems he had chosen.

Authenticity is what we want from the world around us, from others, and crucially from ourselves and what we make. As it relates to graphic design, I define authenticity as a perceived match between form and purpose. For the designer, its quality is found in the process of simultaneously developing a concept and crafting the design/object.

Occlusal asymmetries are common in orthodontic patients. A treatment option for correcting moderate asymmetries is asymmetric extractions. This study evaluated post-treatment dental arch symmetry in patients treated with unilateral premolar extractions. Post-treatment casts of 60 patients were divided into four treatment groups based on the history of occlusal asymmetry and the treatment plan. DesignCAD3000 software (Upperspace Corporation, Pryor, OK) was used to evaluate asymmetrically treated arches for symmetry. The four treatment groups were compared to identify differences in arch asymmetry based on treatment. The lateral incisor and canine were found to be more palatal on the extraction side in patients treated with unilateral extractions (P < .001). Arch length increased (P < 0.001) and area under the arch decreased (P < 0.01) on the extraction side. On average, patients with asymmetric extractions did not finish with more arch asymmetry than those without asymmetric extractions.

In the graphic design, successful use of white space provides the designed object with a strong reference to its material quality and internal structure. Showing the paper breaks the wall between the design and the viewer, and gives the audience a better understanding of the construction of graphic design. White space is devoid representation, which leads the work to become completely honest about its materiality. This project explores different methods and processes for creating aesthetic/conceptual integrity in graphic design by using white space as a primary device.

Purpose: This study analyzed the percentage of Virginia practitioners utilizing vacuum form machines, types of appliances recommended, and types of patient information provided.Methods: Questionnaires were constructed and mailed to 2500 dentists.Results: 80% of dentists utilized vacuum form machines, 42.5% recommended mouthguards, 60.2% recommended home bleaching trays, 37.6% provided patient information on mouthguards, 37.1% provided patient information on home bleaching trays, 16.5% inquired on patient questionnaires about mouthguard protection during contact sports,and 17.3% inquired on patient questionnaires about tooth color satisfaction.Conclusions: Dentists use vacuum form machines for home bleaching trays more than mouthguards. General dentists and pediatric dentists provide patient information on mouthguards and home bleaching trays more often than orthodontists. General dentists provide patient information on home bleaching trays more often than pediatric dentists. Dentists in practice 25 or more years are the most likely to have patient questionnaires that address the use of mouthguards.