A vida de um jovem e seu percurso pelo mundo em busca de sua identidade é o mote do romance de formação, subgênero que teve seu auge entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Franco Moretti e Esther Labovitz, entre outros críticos por nós considerados, estudaram a fundo o romance de formação o Bildungsroman , sendo que esta última autora focalizou a variante feminina no Bildungsroman do século XX. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o romance da escritora italiana Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. O romance recorta e focaliza uma parte da vida da escritora suíça Annemarie Schwarzenbach, portanto possui as características do romance biográfico. Contudo, pretendemos, neste estudo, evidenciar principalmente as características que fazem dessa obra um romance de formação. Por meio da conturbada trajetória vivida pela protagonista, buscamos reconhecer, nas viagens empreendidas por ela, ao redor do mundo, as características fundamentais do romance de formação. Em particular, com base nos estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre o cronotopo, analisamos as formas com que o tempo vivido nos diferentes continentes Ásia, América e África marcam o percurso formativo da heroína. / The life of a young man and his way through the world in search of his own identity is the motto of the formation novel, subgenre which had its climax between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Franco Moretti and Esther Labovitz, among other critics considered by us, studied the formation novel in depth the Bildungsroman , this last author focusing on the feminine variant in the Bildungsroman of the 20th century. This study aims at analyzing the novel of the Italian writer Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. The novel focuses on part of the life of the Swiss writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach, therefore it presents all the characteristics of the biographical novel. However, in this study, our main intention is to demonstrate all the features that make this work a formation novel. Through the troubled trajectory lived by the protagonist, we try to recognize, in her journeys around the world, the fundamental features of the formation novel. In particular, based on the Mikhail Bakhtins studies of the chronotope, we analyze the forms in which the time lived in the different continents Asia, America and Africa determine the heroines formative course.

A vida de um jovem e seu percurso pelo mundo em busca de sua identidade é o mote do romance de formação, subgênero que teve seu auge entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Franco Moretti e Esther Labovitz, entre outros críticos por nós considerados, estudaram a fundo o romance de formação o Bildungsroman , sendo que esta última autora focalizou a variante feminina no Bildungsroman do século XX. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o romance da escritora italiana Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. O romance recorta e focaliza uma parte da vida da escritora suíça Annemarie Schwarzenbach, portanto possui as características do romance biográfico. Contudo, pretendemos, neste estudo, evidenciar principalmente as características que fazem dessa obra um romance de formação. Por meio da conturbada trajetória vivida pela protagonista, buscamos reconhecer, nas viagens empreendidas por ela, ao redor do mundo, as características fundamentais do romance de formação. Em particular, com base nos estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre o cronotopo, analisamos as formas com que o tempo vivido nos diferentes continentes Ásia, América e África marcam o percurso formativo da heroína. / The life of a young man and his way through the world in search of his own identity is the motto of the formation novel, subgenre which had its climax between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Franco Moretti and Esther Labovitz, among other critics considered by us, studied the formation novel in depth the Bildungsroman , this last author focusing on the feminine variant in the Bildungsroman of the 20th century. This study aims at analyzing the novel of the Italian writer Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. The novel focuses on part of the life of the Swiss writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach, therefore it presents all the characteristics of the biographical novel. However, in this study, our main intention is to demonstrate all the features that make this work a formation novel. Through the troubled trajectory lived by the protagonist, we try to recognize, in her journeys around the world, the fundamental features of the formation novel. In particular, based on the Mikhail Bakhtins studies of the chronotope, we analyze the forms in which the time lived in the different continents Asia, America and Africa determine the heroines formative course.

В данной работе мы рассматриваем различный характер критики гендерных стереотипов в женской викторианской литературе на материале романов «Мельница на Флоссе» Джордж Элиот и «Жены и дочери» Элизабет Гаскелл. В первой части работы мы рассматриваем жанр романа воспитания, вопросы его генезиса и эволюции, а также подробно описываем женский роман воспитания как одну из его разновидностей. Кроме того, в теоретической главе мы также выявляем особенности репрезентации гендера в литературе (в частности, мы обращаем особое внимание на феномены женского письма и женского чтения) и рассматриваем гендер как социокультурное явление в викторианском обществе. Заключительные параграфы первой части освещают историко-культурный и социальный контекст творчества Дж. Элиот и Э. Гаскелл. Вторая часть нашей работы посвящена непосредственному анализу романов «Жены и дочери» и «Мельница на Флоссе». В ней последовательно рассматриваются такие аспекты текстов, как объектная и субъектная организация, нарративная структура и стилевые особенности. Большое внимание уделяется выделению собственно женской парадигмы становления в романах. Жанровый анализ произведений включает также выявление черт «двойного» романа воспитания в данных текстах. Две параллельные линии становления героя и героини составляют структурную основу данной разновидности жанра и играют важную роль в определении специфики критики гендерных стереотипов, так как в «двойных» романах воспитания можно увидеть четкое сопоставление мужской и женской парадигм становления и выявить различия между ними. Сравнительный анализ двух романов с привлечением изученного теоретического материала позволяет заключить, что ключом к пониманию специфики критики гендерных стереотипов в данных произведениях является роль общества как неотъемлемлемого фактора формирования личности и как контролирующей инстанции, которая предписывает нормы поведения для мужчин и женщин. / In this paper, we examine the different approaches to gender stereotypes criticism in Victorian novel on “The Mill on the Floss” by George Eliot and “Wives and Daughters” by Elizabeth Gaskell. The first part of the work is devoted to the genre of formation novel, the problems of its genesis and evolution, and also describe the female educational novel as one of its varieties. Additionally, the theoretical chapter also covers gender representation in literature (namely, we pay special attention to the phenomena of women’s writing and women’s reading) and consider gender as a sociocultural phenomenon in Victorian society. The concluding paragraphs of the first part cover the historical, cultural and social context of J. Eliot’s and E. Gaskell’s novel. The second part of our work provides an analysis of the novels "”Wives and Daughters"” and “Mill on the Floss”. It consistently deals with such aspects of a literary work as image and narrative structure, and features of style. Much attention is paid to the female characters development in the given novels. Genre analysis of works also includes revealing the features of the “double” educational novel in these texts. Two parallel lines of the male and female characters development form the structural basis of this genre and play an important role in rendering gender stereotypes criticism, as in the “double” educational novels one can see a clear juxtaposition of the male and female paradigms of self-fulfillment and reveal the differences between them. A comparative analysis of the two novels with the use of the studied theoretical material allows us to conclude that the key to understanding the nature of gender stereotypes in these works is the role of society as an integral factor in the formation of personality and as a controlling authority that prescribes norms of behavior for men and women.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - LARISSA.pdf: 1161178 bytes, checksum: 7898eaae7a4c3e82fcff5716a0aa7d78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-09 / This study investigates the specificities of contemporary Brazilian youth literature based on the initial hypotheses that such works attempt to establish an educational process for life. The concept of education is based on Bildungsroman (or formation novel), a genre whose paradigm is Goethe s Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship. The human-centred formation in this novel goes beyond purely practical teachings and leads the main character towards a maturity process promoted by existential ordeals. Thus, Meister s educational principles are taken into account in order to observe how the educational issue is represented in youth literature. This theoretical research aims to discuss the possible relationship between formation novels and youth literature as well as its characteristics. Works by Sandra Beckett (1997), Daniel Delbrassine (2002, 2006), João Luís Ceccantini (1993, 2000), Geffard-Lartet (2005), and Danielle Thaler (2002) were used as reference. Furthermore, the Vaga-lume Series published by Editora Ática was analysed. The series is a pioneering collection in Brazil as regards publishing novels for young readers. The analysis also included the finalist novels for the Jabuti Prize which were selected by Câmara Brasileira do Livro (CBL) from 2006 to 2008 in the Best Youth Book category. Readers undergoing a formation process feel seduced by specific strategies related to thematic and formal choices used in such novels. The educational issue is important due to the fact that the young character shows greater experience after facing ordeals. Therefore, in order to understand the tendencies in contemporary youth narratives, it is necessary to discuss its features and carry out an intrinsic analysis of works published under the heading of youth literature. / Este trabalho investiga a especificidade das narrativas juvenis brasileiras contemporâneas, apoiandose na hipótese inicial de que há, nas obras voltadas para jovens, uma preocupação de configurar um processo de educação para a vida. A ideia de educação se fundamenta no Bildungsroman (romance de formação), um gênero que tem como paradigma Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister, de Goethe. A formação nessa obra está centrada numa educação humana, que foge dos ensinamentos puramente utilitários para levar o protagonista a um processo de amadurecimento causado pelo enfrentamento das provas próprias da existência. Dessa forma, parte-se dos princípios educativos presentes no Meister para observar como se manifesta o tema da educação nas obras juvenis. Para aprofundar a discussão sobre as possíveis relações entre o romance de formação e a literatura juvenil, assim como sobre as especificidades desse campo, foi feita uma pesquisa teórica em obras sobre esse tema, como as de Sandra Beckett (1997), Daniel Delbrassine (2002, 2006), João Luís Ceccantini (1993, 2000), Geffard-Lartet (2005) e Danielle Thaler (2002). Em seguida, empreendeu-se a análise da Série Vaga-Lume da Editora Ática, uma coleção pioneira no Brasil na publicação de narrativas voltadas para o jovem leitor, e também dos romances finalistas do prêmio Jabuti, selecionados pela Câmara Brasileira do Livro (CBL) nos anos de 2006 a 2008, na categoria melhor livro juvenil . As obras analisadas procuram seduzir um leitor em formação, com estratégias particulares ligadas a escolhas temáticas e formais. O tema da educação nessas obras é uma vertente importante, visto que a personagem jovem, ao final das provas enfrentadas, apresenta um acréscimo de experiência. Compreender, enfim, as tendências da narrativa juvenil na contemporaneidade envolve a discussão da especificidade desse campo e a análise intrínseca das obras lançadas no mercado com a denominação de juvenis.