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Obten??o e caracteriza??o de um comp?sito de matriz de resina poliester e res?duos de madeira produzidos em marcenariasOliveira, Luan Carvalho Santana de 20 January 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-01-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A utiliza??o de res?duos industriais est? em evid?ncia na atualidade, principalmente em fun??o da quest?o ambiental. Nos ?ltimos anos in?meros comp?sitos foram obtidos e estudados, com a utiliza??o de res?duos e fibras vegetais, desmistificando o conceito de que um material s? pode ser chamado de comp?sito se a carga for de refor?o. Obteve e estudou-se um comp?sito de matriz de resina poli?ster (ortoft?lica e tereft?lica) e carga de enchimento de raspa de madeira produzida em marcenarias. Foram estudados os processos de obten??o dos comp?sitos e a caracteriza??o de propriedades mec?nicas, t?rmicas e f?sicas nas amostras dos comp?sitos com fra??o m?ssica de 10, 20 e 30%, para tr?s diferentes granulometrias, totalizando seis formula??es para porcentagens. Por?m, foi escolhida a formula??o com 20%, pois com essa porcentagem j? tinha atingido a satura??o da mistura. Os ensaios realizados foram de tra??o, flex?o, t?rmico, absor??o de ?gua, densidade, biodegrada??o, degrada??o ambiental e MEV. Os comp?sitos obtidos, em todas as formula??es estudadas, apresentaram resist?ncia mec?nica inferior a da matriz, por?m n?o inviabilizou sua utiliza??o para aplica??es onde n?o s?o requeridos significativos esfor?os. Em termos de resist?ncia t?rmica o comp?sito proposto foi competitivo com a resina matriz, tendo comportamento um pouco inferior. Como esperado os comp?sitos apresentaram maiores ?ndices de absor??o de ?gua quando comparados ?s matrizes polim?ricas. A densidade aparente dos comp?sitos n?o apresentou varia??o significativa em rela??o ?s matrizes utilizadas. Demonstrou-se, portanto, que os res?duos agregados ? resina t?m a fun??o de carga de enchimento. O comp?sito foi utilizado para a fabrica??o de tampos de bancos, demonstrando-se sua viabilidade de aplica??o na fabrica??o de estruturas apara baixas solicita??es mec?nicas. / The use of industrial waste is nowadays evident, especially in the environmental issue. In recent years, the results have been obtained with the use of waste and vegetable fibers, the dismemberment of the concept of a material can be called composite. A polyester resin composite (orthophthalic and terephthalic) composite and filler of wood produced in woodworking was obtained and studied. The processes of obtaining composites and a characterization of mechanical, thermal and physical properties in composite samples with a more specific fraction of 10, 20 and 30% were studied for three different granulometries, totaling six formulations for percentages. However, a formulation with 20% was chosen, because with that percentage already had a saturation of the mixture. The tests carried out for tensile, flexural, thermal, water absorption, density, biodegradation, environmental degradation and MEV tests. The composites obtained in all the studied formulations had lower mechanical resistance than the matrix, however it did not make it impossible to use them in applications where no significant efforts are required. In terms of thermal resistance or composite proposed to competitive with a resin matrix, having somewhat lower behavior. As expected the composites presented higher water absorption indices when compared to the polymer matrices. The apparent density of the composites does not present significant variation in relation to the used dimensions. It has been demonstrated, therefore, that the residues aggregated to the resin have a filling charge function. The composite was used for the manufacture of seat tops, demonstrating its feasibility of application in the fabrication of structures for low mechanical stresses.
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Avalia??o da efic?cia do fluazuron e da ivermectina em diferentes protocolos terap?uticos no controle da infesta??o pelo ?caro Demodex canis Leydig, 1859 em c?es. / Evaluation of efficacy of fluazuron and ivermectin on different therapeutic protocols for the control of the Demodex canis Leydig, 1859 mite infestation on dogs.Souza, Clarissa Pimentel de 29 April 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-29 / The mite Demodex canis is a resident of the hair follicles and when overgrowth cause an
inflammatory parasitic disease called demodectic mange. The diagnosis is based on the
visualization of the mite under microscope, especially by skin scrapings, hair plucks or
histopathologic exam. A large number of drugs has been used on the treatment of demodectic
mange, demonstrating varied efficacy numbers, side effects that can prohibit the conclusion of
treatment and difficulties to owners. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the
efficacy of the fluazuron 2.5% pour on and ivermectin on different therapeutic protocols on
the treatment of canine demodectic mange. For this, 31 dogs were divided into five groups,
the first four with six animals and the last one with seven. All with positive skin scrapings.
The dogs were treated on each 14 days, during 84 days. The first group used fluazuron 2.5%
pour on at 20mg/kg, the second used this same drug associated to ivermectin 0.5% pour on at
0.6mg/kg and, the third one, only the ivermectin 0,5% pour on. The fourth and fifth groups
were treated with long-acting ivermectin 3.15% on subcutaneous administration at 0.6 and
1.5mg/kg, respectively. The evaluation and follow up of treatments were realized through
skin scrapings on each 14 days, clinical evaluation with photos of dogs on every visit for a
compare of the lesions. And the histopathologic exam at the end of the therapeutic protocol.
The success rate was defined as the percentage of dogs on each group with negative skin
scrapings. The reduction in mite numbers reached the efficacy levels of 67.66; 88.99; 84.29;
84.90 and 87.86%, for groups 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5, respectively. And the success rates at the end of
treatment were 16.67% for the first group and 50% for the other four. By Wilcoxon test the
reduction of the infestation on the histopathologic exam, before and after treatment, had no
significance for all groups. Remission of lesions did not occur with the dogs of the first group.
On groups 2 and 3, on each one was observed two dogs clinically cured and one with an
improvement of the lesions. And on groups 4 and 5, 4 and 5 dogs were cured, respectively
and also, there was one with an improvement on the lesions. The fluazuron 2.5% pour on did
not show efficacy on the treatment of canine demodectic mange. But the ivermectin 0.5%
pour on associated or not to fluazuron 2.5% pour on and the ivermectin 3.15% on both
dosages, showed good efficacy on the reduction in mite numbers at the end of the protocols. / O ?caro Demodex canis ? um habitante dos fol?culos pilosos, que quando se prolifera causa
uma dermatopatia de cunho inflamat?rio denominada sarna demod?cica. O diagn?stico ? feito
atrav?s da visualiza??o do parasito sob microscopia ?ptica, especialmente atrav?s do exame
parasitol?gico de raspado cut?neo, dos p?los, ou exame histopatol?gico. Muitas drogas t?m
sido utilizadas no tratamento da sarna demod?cica, mas demonstrando n?veis de efic?cia
variados, ocorr?ncia de efeitos colaterais que impossibilitam a conclus?o da terapia ou
empecilhos ? ades?o dos propriet?rios. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a efic?cia do
fluazuron e da ivermectina em diferentes protocolos terap?uticos no controle da sarna
demod?cica canina. Foram avaliados 31 c?es divididos em cinco grupos, os quatro primeiros
com seis animais e o ?ltimo com sete, positivos para o ?caro D. canis atrav?s do raspado
cut?neo. Todos os c?es foram tratados a cada 14 dias, durante 84 dias. No primeiro grupo foi
utilizado fluazuron 2,5% pour on na dosagem de 20mg/kg, no segundo este f?rmaco
tamb?m foi empregado, mas associado a ivermectina 0,5% pour on na dosagem de 0,6mg/kg
e no terceiro, somente a ivermectina 0,5% pour on . Os c?es do quarto e quinto grupos
foram tratados com ivermectina 3,15% longa a??o por via subcut?nea nas dosagens de 0,6 e
1,5mg/kg, respectivamente. A avalia??o e acompanhamento do tratamento foram feitos
atrav?s dos exames parasitol?gicos de raspado cut?neo a cada 14 dias, da avalia??o cl?nica,
inclusive fotografando os c?es para uma melhor compara??o dos quadros lesionais e, do
exame histopatol?gico ao final de cada protocolo terap?utico. A taxa de sucesso foi definida
pela porcentagem de c?es em cada grupo que apresentaram raspados negativos. A redu??o na
contagem no n?mero de ?caros alcan?ou n?veis de efic?cia de at? 67,66; 88,99; 84, 29; 84,90
e 87,86%, nos grupos 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5, respectivamente. E as taxas de sucesso ao final do
tratamento foram de 16,67% para o grupo 1 e 50% para os outros quatro. Pelo do teste de
Wilcoxon a redu??o da infesta??o atrav?s do exame histopatol?gico antes e depois do
tratamento n?o foi significativa para nenhum grupo. Clinicamente, n?o ocorreu remiss?o das
les?es nos c?es do primeiro grupo. Nos grupos 2 e 3, em cada um se observou 2 c?es
considerados curados clinicamente e 1 com melhora. J? nos grupos 4 e 5, evidenciou-se 4 e 5
animais curados, respectivamente e, tamb?m um com n?tida melhora do quadro cl?nico. O
fluazuron 2,5% pour on n?o demonstrou efic?cia no tratamento da sarna demod?cica
canina. J? a ivermectina 0,5% pour on associada ao fluazuron ou como terapia ?nica e, a
ivermectina 3,15% por via subcut?nea nas duas dosagens diferentes, foram eficazes na
redu??o do n?mero de ?caros ao final dos protocolos terap?uticos.
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Qualidade anal?tica baseada no projeto como ferramenta de desenvolvimento de m?todos em cromatografia l?quida de ultra efici?nciaSolon, Lilian Grace da Silva 04 February 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A ind?stria farmac?utica e laborat?rios anal?ticos de todo o mundo tem focado na qualidade, seguran?a e efic?cia de seus produtos. Processos utilizados para minimizar os riscos, como o Quality by Design (QbD), recentemente tem sido atribu?do ao desenvolvimento de m?todos anal?ticos, principalmente os m?todos cromatogr?ficos. O Analytical Quality by Design ou Qualidade Anal?tica Baseada no Projeto (aQbD), utiliza ferramentas de planejamento de experimentos, an?lise de risco e monitoramento cont?nuo. Para isso, faz-se uso de softwares simuladores, ferramentas estat?sticas e quimiom?tricas. Sabe-se que os m?todos cromatogr?ficos de an?lise s?o bastante consolidados e exigidos pelas ag?ncias regulat?rias, aplicando-se em diversas determina??es dentro do campo farmac?utico, como identifica??o e quantifica??o de f?rmacos, metab?litos, impurezas e produtos de degrada??o. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, utilizar ferramentas aQbD para o desenvolvimento de m?todos em cromatografia l?quida de ultra efici?ncia. Foram desenvolvidos quatro m?todos, a saber: quantifica??o simult?nea de dexametasona acetato e clotrimazol em formas farmac?uticas semiss?lidas, atrav?s de transfer?ncia de m?todo de CLAE para CLUE (cap?tulo 1); determina??o simult?nea de corticosteroides e conservantes em coluna de n?cleo s?lido com tamanho de part?cula 1.3 ?m utilizando software simulador (cap?tulo 2); quantifica??o de betametasona valerato em amostras de creme, gel, lo??o e pomada ap?s desenvolvimento de m?todo por planejamento fatorial completo 33 (cap?tulo 3); e determina??o simult?nea de corticosteroides ap?s desenvolvimento de modelo de previs?o de fator de reten??o por QSRR (cap?tulo 4). Os resultados mostraram que apesar da necessidade de otimiza??o pelo analista, o uso de ferramentas aQbD, como o planejamento estat?stico ou uso de softwares, s?o promissoras no desenvolvimento de m?todos cromatogr?ficos de ultra efici?ncia, uma vez que foram capazes de promover economia de tempo, diminuir os gastos e riscos. Os ensaios apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios em termos de velocidade anal?tica e diminui??o no consumo de solventes. / The pharmaceutical industry and analytical laboratories around the world have focused
on quality, safety and efficacy of their products. Processes used to minimize risks, such as
Quality by Design (QbD), which recently has been attributed to the development of analytical
methods, especially chromatographic methods. The Analytical Quality by Design (aQbD)
uses planning tools experiments, risk analysis and continuous monitoring. For this, it makes
use of simulation software, statistical tools and chemometrics.
It is known that chromatographic methods are well consolidated and required by the
regulatory agencies. It has been applied in various determinations in the pharmaceutical field,
such as identification and quantification of drugs, metabolites, degradation products and
impurities. The aim of this study was to use aQbD tools for the development of methods for
ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Four methods were developed,
namely: simultaneous quantification of dexamethasone acetate and clotrimazole in semisolid
dosage forms, via HPLC to UHPLC method transfer (Chapter 1); simultaneous determination
of corticosteroids and preservatives in solid core column with particle size of 1.3 ?m by using
simulation software (Chapter 2); betamethasone valerate quantification in samples of cream,
gel, lotion and ointment after method development by full factorial design 33 (Chapter 3); and
simultaneous determination of corticosteroids after retention factor prediction model by
QSRR (Chapter 4).
The results showed that despite the need for optimization by the analyst, the use of
aQbD tools such as statistical design or use of software, the aQbD is promising in the
development of chromatographic methods of ultra efficiency, since they were able to promote
time savings, lower costs and risks. The tests showed satisfactory results in terms of analysis
speed and decrease of solvent consumption.
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Estudo da viabilidade t?cnica do uso das argilas da regi?o do agreste potiguar para produ??o de pe?as cer?micas: caracteriza??o e formula??oMonteiro, Flanelson Maciel 01 October 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 / In recent decades, ceramic products have become indispensable to the technological
development of humanity, occupying important positions in scientific production and
consequently in industrial production. One area of the economy that continues to
absorb large amounts of the products of this sector is Construction. Among the
branches of the ceramic industry, there are the red ceramic industry which is
traditionally the basis of that economic sector. Among the reasons for which the red
ceramic industry became popular in the country, and specifically in Rio Grande do
Norte, is the abundance of this raw material, easily found throughout the national
territory. However, it appears that the red ceramic industry has deficiencies in
technology and skilled labor, resulting in the production of ceramic goods with low
added value. Among the factors that determine the quality of the ceramic products
red has the proper formulation of the ceramic mass, the conformation and the firing
temperature. Thus, the overall goal of this work is to study the mineralogical and
technological properties, two clays from the region of the Wasteland Potiguar
industrial ceramist. Therefore, the raw materials were characterized by analysis of Xray
diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size analysis (FA),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM ), plasticity index (PI),
thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The
technological properties of the material were analyzed by water absorption tests
(AA%) porosity (% PA), the linear shrinkage (RT%), apparent density (MEA), loss on
ignition (PF%) and flexural strength three points (TRF) / Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, os produtos cer?micos se tornaram indispens?veis para o
desenvolvimento tecnol?gico da humanidade, ocupando posi??es importantes na
produ??o cient?fica e consequentemente na produ??o industrial. Uma das ?reas da
economia que continua absorvendo grandes quantidades dos produtos desse setor
? a Constru??o Civil. Entre os ramos do setor ceramista, destacam-se as ind?strias
de cer?mica vermelha que ? tradicionalmente a base desse segmento econ?mico.
Entre os motivos pelo quais as ind?strias de cer?micas vermelhas se popularizaram
no pa?s, e especificamente no Rio Grande do Norte, ? a abund?ncia dessa mat?ria
prima, encontrada com facilidade por todo territ?rio nacional. Entretanto, constata-se
que a ind?stria de cer?mica vermelha possui defici?ncias em tecnologia e m?o de
obra qualificada, resultando na produ??o de pe?as cer?micas com baixo valor
agregado. Entre os fatores que determinam a qualidade dos produtos da cer?mica
vermelha, tem-se a formula??o adequada da massa cer?mica, a conforma??o e a
temperatura de queima. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral desse trabalho ? estudar as
propriedades mineral?gicas e tecnol?gicas, de duas argilas provenientes da regi?o
do Agreste Potiguar para a ind?stria ceramista. Para tanto, as mat?rias primas foram
caracterizadas atrav?s das an?lises de difratometria de Raios-X (DRX), an?lise de
fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X (FRX), an?lise granulom?trica (AG), microscopia eletr?nica
de varredura (MEV), microscopia ?ptica (MO), ?ndice de plasticidade (IP), an?lise
termogravim?trica (ATG) e an?lise t?rmica diferencial (ATD). As propriedades
tecnol?gicas do material foram analisadas pelos ensaios de absor??o de ?gua
(AA%), porosidade aparente (PA%), retra??o linear (RT%), massa espec?fica
aparente (MEA), perda ao fogo (PF%) e resist?ncia a flex?o em tr?s pontos (TRF)
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Estudo de pr?-formula??o para a obten??o de uma formula??o de captopril para uso pedi?tricoGoes, Janaina da Silva 29 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Atualmente, os medicamentos utilizados em crian?as s?o adaptados a partir de
formas farmac?uticas s?lidas desenvolvidas para adultos. O captopril ? amplamente
adaptado para formula??o l?quida em hospitais. Sua estabilidade em meio aquoso ?
reduzida, pois sofre oxida??o gerando o dissulfeto de captopril. Com o intuito de
garantir a estabilidade do f?rmaco e dosagem precisa, foi desenvolvido um estudo
de pr?-formula??o para a obten??o de uma formula??o de captopril em p? para
constitui??o de uma solu??o est?vel de uso pedi?trico. A compatibilidade entre o
f?rmaco e os poss?veis excipientes foi avaliada atrav?s das an?lises de calorimetria
de varredura diferencial (DSC) e o comportamento t?rmico do captopril atrav?s das
an?lises termogravim?tica (TG) e t?rmica diferencial (DTA). Em seguida, foram
realizados os ensaios de an?lise granulom?trica e das medidas indiretas de fluxo do
captopril e dos excipientes. Para estudo em solu??o, foram obtidas diferentes
formula??es a partir de planejamento fatorial, em que se variou a concentra??o de
EDTA (0,005 e 0,1%) e pH (2,5; 4,0 e 5,5) em ?gua destilada e ?gua mineral, que
foram armazenadas a 60?C e analisadas ao longo de doze dias por CLAE para
avalia??o da estabilidade do captopril. Nas curvas DSC das misturas de captotpril
com os conservantes, a sucralose e o ?cido c?trico, os eventos t?rmicos de cada
subst?ncia isolada n?o foram mantidos. Nas demais curvas das misturas bin?rias os
eventos correspondentes a cada componente foram preservados, indicando
compatibilidade entre as subst?ncias. Foi observada uma grande diferen?a na
distribui??o e di?metro m?dio das part?culas e densidade dos agentes tamponantes
em compara??o ?s demais subst?ncias, o que pode ocasionar a segrega??o da
mistura de p?s. A partir do estudo da estabilidade das solu??es, foi verificado que as
vari?veis interferem significativamente (p = 0,05) no teor do captopril, sendo o pH o
fator mais relevante. As intera??es entre as vari?veis foram significativas, com maior
estabilidade observada em pH pr?ximo a 4,0, maior concentra??o de EDTA e uso de
?gua mineral. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que o desenvolvimento de
uma formula??o de captopril est?vel ? vi?vel desde que sejam adotadas medidas
estrat?gicas a fim de se evitar a segrega??o dos p?s constituintes da formula??o. / Nowadays, drugs used in children are adapted from solid dosage forms developed
for adults. Captopril in solid dosage form is widely adapted in hospitals into a liquid
formulation. Its stability in aqueous solutions is reduced because it undergoes
oxidation, forming captopril disulfide. In order to ensure a stable and accurate dosage
form, a pre-formulation study was developed for obtaining a stable formulation of a
powder for preparation of a captopril solution for pediatric use. The compatibility
between drug and possible excipients were evaluated by differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) and the captopril thermic behavior, through thermogravimetric
analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Then, particle size and indirect
flow measures of captopril and excipients were analyzed. For solution studies,
different formulations were obtained through factorial design, varying the EDTA
concentration (0.005 and 0.1%) and pH (2.5, 4.0 e 5.5) in distilled and mineral water,
which were stored at 60?C and analyzed over twelve days by HPLC to evaluate the
stability of captopril. In the DSC curves of captopril mixtures with preservatives,
sucralose and citric acid, the isolated thermal events were not maintained. In the
other binary mixtures, the events corresponding to each component were preserved
in the curves, indicating compatibility between substances. There was a major
difference in the distribution and average particles diameters and density of buffering
agents in comparison to other substances, which can cause segregation of the
powder mixture. From the study of the solutions stability it was found that the
variables interfere significantly (p = 0.05) in the captopril content, the pH being the
most important factor. The interactions between variables were significant, with
greater stability around pH 4.0, higher EDTA concentrations and use of mineral
water. Based on the results, it can be concluded that development of a stable
captopril formulation is viable if strategic measures are adopted in order to avoid
segregation of the powders constituents of the formulation.
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Aplica??o da metodologia de planejamento de experimentos para formula??o de massas cer?micas para telhasMacedo, Rose Meire Penha Revoredo de 02 May 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-02 / Rio Grande do Norte State stands out as one great producer of structural clay of the brazilian northeastern. The Valley Assu ceramic tiles production stands out obtained from ilitics ball clays that abound in the region under study. Ceramics formulation and the design of experiments with mixture approach, has been applied for researchers, come as an important aid to decrease the number of experiments necessary to the optimization. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of the formulation, temperature and heating rate in the physical-mechanical properties of the red ceramic body used for roofing tile fabrication of the Valley Assu, using design of mixture experiments. Four clays samples used in two ceramics industry of the region were use as raw material and characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size distribution analysis and plasticity techniques. Afterwards, they were defined initial molded bodies and made specimens were then prepared by uniaxial pressing at 25 MPa before firing at 850, 950 and 1050 ?C in a laboratory furnace, with heating rate in the proportions of 5, 10 e 15 ?C/min. The following tecnologicals properties were evaluated: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength. Results show that the temperature 1050 ?C and heating rate of 5 ?C/min was the best condition, therefore presented significance in all physical-mechanical properties. The model was accepted as valid based of the production of three new formulations with fractions mass diferents of the initial molded bodies and heated with temperature at 1050 ?C and heating rate of 5 ?C/min. Considering the formulation, temperature and heating rate as variables of the equations, another model was suggested, where from the aplication of design of experiments with mixtures was possible to get a best formulation, whose experimental error is the minor in relation to the too much formulations / O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte ? um dos principais produtores de cer?mica vermelha do nordeste brasileiro. A regi?o do Vale do Assu destaca-se na produ??o de telhas cer?micas, cuja principal constitui??o s?o argilas pl?sticas il?ticas, abundantes na regi?o. O estudo das formula??es de massas cer?micas, juntamente com o aux?lio do planejamento experimental para misturas, tem sido utilizado por pesquisadores, visando a diminui??o do n?mero de experimentos necess?rios para a otimiza??o de formula??es. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o efeito das formula??es, temperatura e taxa de queima nas propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas das massas cer?micas para fabrica??o de telhas da regi?o do Vale do Assu, utilizando planejamento de experimentos para misturas. Quatro argilas usadas em duas ind?strias cer?micas da regi?o foram utilizadas como mat?ria-prima e submetidas a ensaios de difra??o de raio X, composi??o qu?mica, TG/DTA, distribui??o de tamanho de part?cula e plasticidade. Foram definidas formula??es iniciais e confeccionados corpos-de-prova por prensagem uniaxial e de simples efeito a 25 MPa e queimados a 850, 950 e 1050 ?C, com taxas de aquecimento de 5, 10 e 15 ?C/min. As propriedades tecnol?gicas de queima avaliadas foram retra??o linear, absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia ? flex?o (tr?s pontos). Resultados mostram que a temperatura 1050 ?C e taxa de aquecimento de 5 ?C/min foi a melhor condi??o de queima, pois apresentou efeito de signific?ncia em todas as propriedades f?sico-mec?ncias. O modelo foi validado a partir da produ??o de tr?s novas formula??es com fra??es m?ssicas diferentes das formula??es iniciais e queimadas com temperatura a 1050 ?C e taxa de queima de 5 ?C/min. Considerando as formula??es, temperaturas e taxas de aquecimento como vari?veis das equa??es, outro modelo foi sugerido, onde a partir da aplica??o do planejamento de experimentos para misturas foi poss?vel obter uma formula??o ?tima, cujo erro experimental ? o menor em rela??o ?s demais formula??es
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Estudo da formula??o de massas cer?micas provenientes da regi?o do Serid?-RN para fabrica??o de telhasAndrade, Felipe Lira Formiga 06 March 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work has for objective study compared the characteristics and technological properties of ceramic bodies from the region of Serid?-RN. The region under study has identified 23 cities where they were 80 ceramics industries. To define the universe of search, there was a survey of pottery that are part of APL Serid? next to the IEL. The characteristics and operating conditions of ceramics industries of the region were identified through a socio-economic questionnaire applied locally, which addressed issues such as: profiles of companies, production process etc. The analysis of information collected from 24 companies identified in seven cities shows that the vast majority of industries is small, with family structure, obsolete equipment and labo, little qualified. Most of the pottery works with low technical knowledge, poor control of the production process and product technology. The raw collected were submitted to analysis of X ray diffraction, chemical composition, termical analysis, particle size distribution and plasticity. Then were produced five formulations and made by uniaxial pressure at 25 MPa for firing in temperatures varying from 850 to 1050 ?C. The firing technological properties evaluated were: mass loss to fire, lineal shrinkage, apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption and flexural strength (3 points). The results indicated that the raw materials from the region have significant similarities in the composition chemical and mineralogical. Furthermore, it indicates the possibility of the use of cycles of firing faster and efficient than the current, limited to some clay mass burning of certain conditions / Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar comparativamente as caracter?sticas e propriedades tecnol?gicas de massas cer?micas para telhas da regi?o do Serid?-RN. A Regi?o em estudo possui 23 munic?pios onde foram identificadas 80 ind?strias cer?micas. Para defini??o do universo da pesquisa, fez-se um levantamento das olarias que fazem parte da APL Serid? junto ao IEL do Estado. As caracter?sticas e condi??es de funcionamento das ind?strias cer?micas da regi?o foram identificadas atrav?s de um question?rio s?cio-econ?mico aplicado in loco, que abordava aspectos como: perfil das empresas, processo produtivo etc. A an?lise das informa??es coletadas em 23 empresas identificadas em sete munic?pios permite concluir que a grande maioria das ind?strias ? de pequeno porte, com estrutura familiar, equipamentos obsoletos e m?o-de-obra pouco qualificada. Grande parte das olarias opera com baixo conhecimento t?cnico, prec?rios controles do processo produtivo e tecnol?gico dos produtos. As mat?rias-primas coletadas foram submetidas a ensaios de difra??o de raios X, composi??o qu?mica, an?lise t?rmica, distribui??o de tamanho de part?culas e plasticidade. Em seguida foram produzidas cinco formula??es e confeccionados corpos-de-prova por prensagem uniaxial a 25 MPa para queima variando de 850 ?C a 1050?C. As propriedades tecnol?gicas de queima avaliadas foram: perda de massa ao fogo, retra??o linear, massa espec?fica aparente, porosidade aparente, absor??o de ?gua e carga de ruptura ? flex?o (3 pontos). Os resultados indicaram que as mat?rias-primas provenientes da regi?o apresentam significativas semelhan?as quanto ? composi??o qu?mica e mineral?gica. Al?m disso, indica-se a possibilidade da utiliza??o de ciclos de queima mais r?pidos e eficientes que os atuais, limitando algumas massas argilosas para certas condi??es de queima
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Avalia??o da potencialidade dos res?duos de gesso de revestimento incorporados em formula??es de massas cer?micasSilva, Jaquel?gia Brito da 08 October 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-10-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In building, during the implementation process of major or even minor works, there is a considerable waste of plaster in the steps of coating, making it is a
negative factor because of the loss of these processes constructive remains incorporated into buildings, as component, whose final dimensions are higher than those projected. Another negative factor is the disposal of waste gypsum in inappropriate places, thus contributing to the degradation of environmental
quality, due to the leaching of this waste and may trigger the formation of sulfuric acid. Therefore, based on this picture, processing and reuse of waste
coating, combined with the ceramics industry, which is a strong potential in the reuse of certain types of waste, promote mutual benefits. Thus the overall
objective of this work is to conduct a search with scientific and technological aspects, to determine the effect of the incorporation of the residue of plaster for
coating, from the building, the formulation of bodies for red ceramic. The residue of plaster coating was collected and characterized. They were also
selected raw materials of two ceramic poles of the state of Rio Grande do Norte and formulations have been made with the intention of obtaining those with the
best physical and mechanical properties, the residue was added the percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, in the best formulation of ceramic
industry 1 and, according the properties analyses, 5%, 10% and 15% as the best results of ceramic industry 2. The samples were sintered at temperatures
of 850 ?C, 950 ?C and 1050 ?C, the heating rate of 5 ?C / min with isotherm of two hours. They were submitted to testing technology, such as lineal shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density and bending resistence. The residue incorporation best results in the formulations of mass in red
ceramic, were observed between the temperatures of 850 ?C and 950 ?C, in those formulations that have illite clays and medium plastic in their composition,
in the range of 0% to 15% residue incorporated / Na constru??o civil, durante o processo de execu??o de grandes ou at? mesmo pequenas obras, h? um desperd?cio consider?vel de gesso nas etapas de
revestimento, tornando-se este um fator negativo, pois parte das perdas destes processos construtivos permanece incorporada nas constru??es, na forma de
componentes, cujas dimens?es finais s?o superiores ?quelas projetadas. Outro fator negativo ? a disposi??o dos res?duos de gesso em locais inadequados, contribuindo assim para a degrada??o da qualidade ambiental, devido ao processo de lixivia??o deste res?duo, podendo desencadear na forma??o de ?cido sulf?rico. Baseado neste panorama, a transforma??o e o reaproveitamento dos res?duos de revestimento, aliada ? ind?stria da cer?mica, que ? um forte potencial no reaproveitamento de alguns tipos de res?duos, promoveria benef?cios m?tuos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi de realizar uma pesquisa com aspectos cient?ficos e tecnol?gicos, para verificar o efeito da
incorpora??o do res?duo de gesso para revestimento, proveniente da constru??o civil, na formula??o de massas para cer?mica vermelha. As mat?rias-primas foram coletadas de dois p?los cer?micos do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e formuladas com o intuito de obter aquelas com as melhores propriedades f?sicas e mec?nica, tendo sido incorporados os percentuais 5%,
10%, 15%, 20%, 25% e 30% de res?duo, na melhor formula??o da ind?stria cer?mica 1 e, de acordo com a an?lise dos seus resultados, de 5%, 10% e 15%
na melhor formula??o da ind?stria cer?mica 2. As amostras foram sinterizadas ?s temperaturas de 850 ?C, 950 ?C e 1050 ?C, ? taxa de aquecimento de 5 ?C/min com isoterma de duas horas e submetidas a ensaios tecnol?gicos, como retra??o linear de queima, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. Os melhores resultados de incorpora??o do res?duo nas formula??es de massa de cer?mica vermelha foram observados na faixa de temperatura de 850 ?C a 950 ?C, naquelas que possuem argilas il?ticas e medianamente pl?sticas em sua composi??o, na faixa de 0% a 15% de res?duo incorporado
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