Diss. Stockholm : Kungliga tekniska högskolan, 2006.

<p>In order to improve the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, better methods for detection of myocardial perfusion defects would be useful. One of the methods used for myocardial perfusion evaluation today is magnetic resonance imaging. </p><p>This method could be improved if a contrast agent that induced long-lasting contrast enhancement in the myocardium could be developed. The paramagnetic manganese(II) ion has promising properties for meeting this need, since it enters cardiomyocytes through voltage-gated calcium channels and remains inside the cells for a long time after an intravenous injection. If these properties can be utilized, manganese-enhanced MRI has potential for detecting transient periods of ischemia in a manner similar to the conventional SPECT stress test.</p><p>To investigate the contrast-enhancing properties of the manganese(II) ion, a series of experiments was performed in pigs, using a manganese salt (MnCl₂) and two manganese-based chelates (MnDPDP and MnHPTA) and measuring the longitudinal relaxation rates before and after contrast agent administration. This was done in normal pig myocardium at rest and during dobutamine-induced stress with several different doses of contrast agent, and in a model for coronary artery stenosis using MnCl₂ administered during dobutamine stress to determine whether transient ischemia could be detected with this contrast agent.</p><p>The results of these experiments showed that of the three contrast agents, MnCl₂ induces the greatest increase in ΔR1, followed by MnHPTA. Using MnCl₂ it was possible to produce images on which transient myocardial ischemia was visible, but only during the first 30 minutes after contrast agent injection.</p><p>The stenosis model is still far from the clinical situation and several complications, including the potential toxicity of the manganese(II) ion, remain to be overcome. However, the results from this model are promising for the future development of manganese- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of transient myocardial ischemia.</p>

In order to improve the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, better methods for detection of myocardial perfusion defects would be useful. One of the methods used for myocardial perfusion evaluation today is magnetic resonance imaging. This method could be improved if a contrast agent that induced long-lasting contrast enhancement in the myocardium could be developed. The paramagnetic manganese(II) ion has promising properties for meeting this need, since it enters cardiomyocytes through voltage-gated calcium channels and remains inside the cells for a long time after an intravenous injection. If these properties can be utilized, manganese-enhanced MRI has potential for detecting transient periods of ischemia in a manner similar to the conventional SPECT stress test. To investigate the contrast-enhancing properties of the manganese(II) ion, a series of experiments was performed in pigs, using a manganese salt (MnCl2) and two manganese-based chelates (MnDPDP and MnHPTA) and measuring the longitudinal relaxation rates before and after contrast agent administration. This was done in normal pig myocardium at rest and during dobutamine-induced stress with several different doses of contrast agent, and in a model for coronary artery stenosis using MnCl2 administered during dobutamine stress to determine whether transient ischemia could be detected with this contrast agent. The results of these experiments showed that of the three contrast agents, MnCl2 induces the greatest increase in ΔR1, followed by MnHPTA. Using MnCl2 it was possible to produce images on which transient myocardial ischemia was visible, but only during the first 30 minutes after contrast agent injection. The stenosis model is still far from the clinical situation and several complications, including the potential toxicity of the manganese(II) ion, remain to be overcome. However, the results from this model are promising for the future development of manganese- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of transient myocardial ischemia.

This thesis focuses on the opera text enlightened from four different perspectives: the translator, the librettist, the composer and finally the singer, based on the author’s thirty years of professsional practice, in the spirit of Donald A. Schön’s study from 1983: The Reflective Practitioner; How professionals think in action. The method is basically hermeneutic and the esthetics inspired by Umberto Eco’s Opera Aperta (”The Open Work”) from 1962. Questions from within the perspective of the translator are: In what ways does opera translation differ from other forms of translation, and how does an opera translator work? What is the history of “opera in the ver-nacular” compared to “opera in original language” and are singable translations needed whatsoever in the modern era of subtitling? The perspective of the librettist examines the opera form’s SWOT-analysis, the differences from other “storytelling” art forms, the task of making an adaption compared to choosing to create an original plot, the matter of taste and building the form from dramaturgical principles, the shaping of aria texts, the importance of tight collaboration and cutting, cutting, cutting (“a libretto cannot be short enough” Edgar Istel, 1922). The composer’s perspective contains practical and theoretical words of advice and examples from practice, together with a so ”think aloud”-study from within a composer’s thought process while working. The final chapter, from the singer’s perspective, focuses on whether modern vocal ideals and singing “in original language”, with subtitles, together with expanding performance halls, have made opera text harder to perceive, and rendered earlier established texting techniques forgotten or obsolete. The answers to all these questions are complex. This thesis concludes that the opera form is still expanding, but not necessarily in the direction of creating a new, contemporary canon. “There are about 600 opera houses in the world, all are ‘National Galleries’, none is the Tate Modern” (Per-Erik Öhrn, 2012), but there are also opportunities. Almost all successful new opera productions in recent years have their librettos written in English, a language traditionnally regarded as “weak” in the field of opera. Opera audiences worldwide are nowadays accustomed to hearing and understanding sung English words and comprehending a dramatic context when expressed in English, thanks to 100 years of Anglo-American dominance in popular music and about 50 years of dominance in television and films.

<p>Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur man på bästa sätt ger elever med dyslexi, läs- och skrivsvårigheter, en god skolgång. Jag valde att använda den kvalitativa metoden eftersom jag tror att djupgående intervjuer ger bäst resultat. Intervjuerna spelades in på band och sammanställdes sedan. För elever med dyslexi och läs- och skrivsvårigheter är det viktigt att hjälp sätts in i god tid. Om en person med läs och skrivsvårigheter får hjälp vid tidig ålder kan dyslexin förebyggas. För att hjälpa dessa elever till en god skolgång krävs att man ser till eleven, till barnet. Det är barnet som ska stå i det främsta rummet. Som lärare och pedagog krävs att man sätter in rätt material, material som är anpassat för individen. Kompenserande material bör användas så mycket som möjligt i elevernas undervisning. Arbetet med dyslexi och läs- och skrivsvårigheter har förbättrats de senaste åren, eftersom man har blivit mer medveten om handikappet. Forskningen utvecklas och med hjälp av den nya moderna tekniken kan man undersöka sådant man tidigare inte kunnat. Utvecklingen går framåt och det kommer hela tiden nya forskningsrön och förbättrade hjälpmedel för människor med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Men det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att uppnå. Med erfarenheter och kännedom om begreppet dyslexi kan man förändra den negativa bilden och stärka de drabbades självförtroende.</p>

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are different aspects of a single condition, venous thrombo-embolic disease (VTE), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Rapid diagnosis is critical, as timely medical intervention can have a substantial beneficial effect on the mortality rate.</p><p>Irrespective of its presentation, VTE is a difficult disease to diagnose. Pathologies unrelated to VTE can give rise to a clinical presentation similar to DVT or PE, resulting in a false positive diagnosis. This raises the risk of a patient being treated inappropriately. Therefore, there is a need for an agent that has high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of active blood clots, which are amenable to treatment by anticoagulant and/or thrombolytic therapy. </p><p>This work describes the pre-clinical efficacy studies performed on one such agent, ^99mTc-NC100668. ^99mTc-NC100668 is a substrate for factor XIIIa and as a potential physiological, rather than anatomical, marker of VTE it is hoped it will not give rise to the false negative and positive diagnoses that are inherent in the currently available diagnostic techniques, such as the ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan, multidetector computer tomography or ultrasound.</p><p>It is reported in this work that ^99mTc-NC100668 uptake and retention in blood clot was rapid and maintained over at least a 4 hour period in a rat model of DVT. Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies commonly used to treat thrombosis did not seriously impair the ability of ^99mTc-NC100668 to detect thrombi. No significant tissue retention, which could interfere with the ability to image thrombi <i>in vivo</i>, was observed. Biodistribution and plasma clot uptake studies showed that ^99mTc complex of gly-NC100194, the major metabolite of ^99mTc-NC100668, would be unlikely to affect adversely the clinical utility of the test substance.</p><p>The <i>in vitro</i> uptake of ^99mTc-NC100668 into forming plasma clots indicated that retention into human blood clots would be comparable with the observations made in the rat preclinical models. </p><p>The uptake of ^99mTc-NC100668 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> was much greater than could be accounted for by physical entrapment into the forming blood clots. The reduced uptake of a biologically inactive analogue of ^99mTc-NC100668 both<i> in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> indicated that the blood clot uptake and retention of ^99mTc-NC100668 was mediated by factor XIIIa.</p><p>In conclusion, ^99mTc-NC100668 might be useful in the detection of thrombo embolism.</p>

Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur man på bästa sätt ger elever med dyslexi, läs- och skrivsvårigheter, en god skolgång. Jag valde att använda den kvalitativa metoden eftersom jag tror att djupgående intervjuer ger bäst resultat. Intervjuerna spelades in på band och sammanställdes sedan. För elever med dyslexi och läs- och skrivsvårigheter är det viktigt att hjälp sätts in i god tid. Om en person med läs och skrivsvårigheter får hjälp vid tidig ålder kan dyslexin förebyggas. För att hjälpa dessa elever till en god skolgång krävs att man ser till eleven, till barnet. Det är barnet som ska stå i det främsta rummet. Som lärare och pedagog krävs att man sätter in rätt material, material som är anpassat för individen. Kompenserande material bör användas så mycket som möjligt i elevernas undervisning. Arbetet med dyslexi och läs- och skrivsvårigheter har förbättrats de senaste åren, eftersom man har blivit mer medveten om handikappet. Forskningen utvecklas och med hjälp av den nya moderna tekniken kan man undersöka sådant man tidigare inte kunnat. Utvecklingen går framåt och det kommer hela tiden nya forskningsrön och förbättrade hjälpmedel för människor med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Men det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att uppnå. Med erfarenheter och kännedom om begreppet dyslexi kan man förändra den negativa bilden och stärka de drabbades självförtroende.

This thesis investigates how the teachers at this high school use the school library.Itschool library and the teachers. The school library is a library close to the school.The library function is aimed primarily to the students of the school. In this thesis,the following questions were posed: How do the teachealso describes theconditions that exist for collaboration between the rs use the school library in theirteaching? How do the teachers collaborate with the school library?The research method used is semi-structured qualitative interviews. Thisstudy is a case study; A case study is a study of a particular case in its real context,like this school library. This study is a current status study, I study the schoollibrary at this school in real time.The theory I am using, is a taxonomy, created by Loertscher. It has ten levels,where you place the collaboration between the teachers and the school librarians atthe right level. I used the same taxonomy in the analysis.The results are in line withprevious research. The teachers and the school library do not collaborate as muchas they could. The students mostly use the school library when they want to borrowfiction. When the school library has got an obvious place in the school organisationand when the school management is highly supportive to cooperation, a highergrade of collaboration is reached and more reading support activities can take placein school. / <p>Titeln är ett citat ur berättelsen ”Den flitige gossen”, skriven av AxelWallengren (1865-1896)</p>

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are different aspects of a single condition, venous thrombo-embolic disease (VTE), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Rapid diagnosis is critical, as timely medical intervention can have a substantial beneficial effect on the mortality rate. Irrespective of its presentation, VTE is a difficult disease to diagnose. Pathologies unrelated to VTE can give rise to a clinical presentation similar to DVT or PE, resulting in a false positive diagnosis. This raises the risk of a patient being treated inappropriately. Therefore, there is a need for an agent that has high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of active blood clots, which are amenable to treatment by anticoagulant and/or thrombolytic therapy. This work describes the pre-clinical efficacy studies performed on one such agent, 99mTc-NC100668. 99mTc-NC100668 is a substrate for factor XIIIa and as a potential physiological, rather than anatomical, marker of VTE it is hoped it will not give rise to the false negative and positive diagnoses that are inherent in the currently available diagnostic techniques, such as the ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan, multidetector computer tomography or ultrasound. It is reported in this work that 99mTc-NC100668 uptake and retention in blood clot was rapid and maintained over at least a 4 hour period in a rat model of DVT. Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies commonly used to treat thrombosis did not seriously impair the ability of 99mTc-NC100668 to detect thrombi. No significant tissue retention, which could interfere with the ability to image thrombi in vivo, was observed. Biodistribution and plasma clot uptake studies showed that 99mTc complex of gly-NC100194, the major metabolite of 99mTc-NC100668, would be unlikely to affect adversely the clinical utility of the test substance. The in vitro uptake of 99mTc-NC100668 into forming plasma clots indicated that retention into human blood clots would be comparable with the observations made in the rat preclinical models. The uptake of 99mTc-NC100668 in vitro and in vivo was much greater than could be accounted for by physical entrapment into the forming blood clots. The reduced uptake of a biologically inactive analogue of 99mTc-NC100668 both in vitro and in vivo indicated that the blood clot uptake and retention of 99mTc-NC100668 was mediated by factor XIIIa. In conclusion, 99mTc-NC100668 might be useful in the detection of thrombo embolism.

Diss. Linköping : Univ.