Glass fiber based polymer composites based injection molded parts provide a light-weight high-strength alternative for use in automobile applications. These composites have enhanced mechanical properties compared to those of pure polymers, if the fibers are oriented in the right direction. One of the major challenges in processing of these composites is to control the fiber orientation in the final product. The evolution of short glass fiber orientation in a center-gated disk was experimentally determined along the radial direction at three different heights representative of the shell, transition and core layers, respectively. Orientation data along the shell and transition layers in the lubrication region show shear flow effects, which tends to align the fibers along the flow direction. In the core layer, where the extension in the "-direction dominates, fibers tend to get aligned along the "-direction. In the frontal flow region orientation in the flow direction drops in all three layers due to fountain flow effects. Fiber orientation predictions in coupled and decoupled transient simulations using the Folgar-Tucker model, and the two slow versions of the Folgar-Tucker model, namely the slip Folgar-Tucker model and the reduced strain closure (RSC) model were compared with the experimental data. Measured inlet orientation was used in all simulations and model parameters were determined by fitting model predictions to rheological data under startup of shear. Pseudo-concentration method was implemented for the modeling of the advancing front and fountain flow effects in the region near the front. Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method and a third order Runge-Kutta total variance diminishing time integration scheme were implemented for the solution of the orientation and transport equations. In the lubrication region of the shell layer, all three orientation models provided a good match with the experimental data. In the frontal region, fountain flow simulations showed characteristic features seen in r- and z-profiles of orientation, although the experimental data showed these features at a relatively larger distance behind the front while the simulations predicted these effects only up to a small distance behind the front. On the other hand, orientation predictions with the Hele-Shaw flow approximation showed significant over-predictions in the frontal region. With model parameters determined from fitting to rheological data, coupling did not show any significant improvements. However, with the use of a smaller value of the fiber interaction parameter, coupling showed significant improvement in orientation predictions in all three layers in the frontal region. The simulation scheme was extended to long fiber systems by comparing available long fiber orientation data in a center-gated disk with model predictions using the Bead-Rod model which considers fiber bending, a property exhibited by long semi-flexible fibers. The Bead-Rod model showed improvements over rigid fiber models in the lubrication region of the shell layer. However, close to the front, both models showed similar predictions. In fountain flow simulations, the flow features seen in the r- and z-profiles were much better predicted with both the models while Hele-Shaw flow approximation showed over-prediction of orientation in the flow direction, especially in the shell layer. / Ph. D.

[pt] Esta dissertação aborda o estudo de códigos fontanais (códigos LT e códigos Raptor) que são uma classe de códigos criados para a transmissão de dados de maneira confiável e eficiente através de canais os quais podem ser modelados como canais com apagamento. Os códigos LT e códigos Raptor são denominados códigos fontanais, devido a que eles são uma boa aproximação para o conceito de fontanas digitais. Além disso, eles são classificados como códigos de taxa versátil, no sentido que o número de símbolos codificados que podem ser gerados a partir dos dados de entrada é potencialmente ilimitado. Códigos LT são capazes de recuperar, com probabilidade maior do que (1 − delta), um conjunto de k símbolos de entrada a partir de quaisquer k + O((raiz quadrada de k)(ln(2))(k/delta)) símbolos codificados recebidos, com uma média de O(k ln(k/delta)) operações XOR. Os códigos Raptor são uma extensão de códigos LT, na qual o processo de codificação é composto de duas etapas: um código de bloco de comprimento fixo (denominado pré- código) e um código LT com uma distribuição de graus apropriada. Investigou-se o desempenho dos códigos LT usando duas novas distribuições de graus (Sóliton Robusta Melhorada e Sóliton Robusta Truncada) e foi proposto um modelo de códigos LT Bidimensionais, na qual os símbolos de entrada são agrupados em forma de matriz. Neste esquema os blocos correspondentes às linhas da matriz são codificados usando um código LT e, em seguida, a matriz resultante tem suas colunas também codificadas usando um código LT. Ainda que a complexidade do esquema tenha sido dobrada o desempenho alcançado pelos códigos LT Bidimensionais superou o desempenho dos códigos LT convencionais para situações em que a qualidade do canal BEC é elevada. / [en] Fountain Codes (LT Codes and Raptor Codes) are a class of codes proposed to efficient and reliably transmit data through Erasure Channels. LT Codes and Raptor Codes are a good approximation to the concept of digital fountain and as such are named as fountain codes. They are said to be rateless codes in the sense that the number of symbols produced by the encoder could grow, potentially, to infinite. With probability of success larger than (1−delta), a decoder of an LT code based scheme can recover the k transmitted symbols from any received block of k + O((square root k)(ln(2))(k/delta)) correct symbols with an average of O(k ln(k/delta)) XOR operations. Raptor codes are an extension of the LT codes idea, with a tandem scheme where a fixed length block code (namely a pre- code) is followed by an LT code that uses a properly chosen degree distribution. In this dissertation the performance of LT codes with two recently proposed degree distributions, the Improved Robust Soliton and the Truncated Soliton Robust Distribution were investigated. A new scheme called Bidimensional LT Codes, has been proposed. In this scheme the input symbols are structured in a matrix form and afterwards the blocks corresponding to the lines of the matrix are encoded with an LT code. The columns of the new matrix so obtained are next encoded with a similar LT code. The complexity of the new scheme is doubled and yet its performance only just surpasses that of the conventional LT scheme for high quality BEC.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Rogerio Rodrigues Passos.pdf: 8237686 bytes, checksum: 92f6d0a3be573b7e4ab507e2ce319e5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-05 / The configuration of the Brazilian religious field has undergone changes as fast as reality itself. Guided by this perspective, new religious denominations accurately adjust their services in order to meet these new expectations. The Fountain of Life Apostolic Church is characterized as one among others that are theologically committed to the path of individual empowerment as a method of social mobility and social integration. With an array of services for the emerging middle class, what they understand as subjective and practical gaps for this new social stratum, the church complements, works to meet these needs. Through the unction and the show, this church underpins and ensures its religious identity, awakening to its members sensations and emotions that were once in the rites and religious doctrines. However, the character of the Fountain of Life Church religious institution was not enough for it to stand out in the competitive Brazilian religious market. The big draw or differential of the Fountain of Life Church are its services. Unlike other denominations that do not direct their audience, working with a broad and diffuse proselytizing, the Fountain of Life Church, not only directs its services to a speci fic clientele, as also seeks to customize their services to this public. Compared with the most expressive and traditional Brazilian neo-Pentecostal denominations, the Fountain of Life Church does not appeal to the world s reduction of complexity and does not uses magic in their liturgies and religious practices. With a rational and proactive doctrine, the theme of the service is to insert the individual into the market, as well as integrate him into the associative network of the institution. With an intense program of leisure and entertainment activities, the member finds a significant menu of personal and social possibilities with their entry into the church. With so many differentials linked to the church services, but also the socioeconomic profile of its mass of loyal, we can set the stage for the Fountain of Life Church is like the fourth wave of Brazilian Pentecostalism. / A configuração do campo religioso brasileiro vem sofrendo mudanças tão rápidas quanto à própria realidade. Pautado nessa perspectiva, novas denominações religiosa ajustam os seus serviços exatamente no sentido de suprir esses novos anseios. A Igreja Apostólica Fonte da Vida se caracteriza como uma entre outras que se enveredaram teologicamente para o caminho do empoderamento individual como meio de mobilidade e inserção social. Com um rol de serviços destinados a classe média emergente, aquilo que compreendem lacunas práticas e subjetivas para esse novo estrato social, a igreja complementa, atua no sentido de suprir tais carências. Por meio da unção e do espetáculo alicerça e assegura a sua identidade religiosa, despertando nos seus membros sensações e emoções que em outrora se encontravam nos ritos e doutrinas religiosas. Contudo, o caráter de instituição religiosa da Igreja Fonte da Vida, não bastaria para que ela se destacasse no concorrido mercado religioso brasileiro. O grande atrativo ou diferencial da Igreja Fonte da Vida são os seus serviços. Diferentemente de outras denominações que não direcionam o seu público, atuando com um proselitismo amplo e difuso, a Igreja Fonte Da Vida, não somente direciona os seus serviços para uma clientela específica, como, também, buscar personalizar os seus serviços para esse público. Em comparação com as mais expressivas e tradicionais denominações neopentecostais brasileiras, a Igreja Fonte da Vida não recorre à redução de complexidade do mundo, nem se utiliza da magia em suas liturgias e práticas religiosas. Com uma doutrina racional e pró-ativa, o mote dos seus serviços consiste em inserir o indivíduo no mercado, bem como, integrá-lo na rede associativa da instituição. Com uma programação intensa de atividades de lazer e entretenimento, o membro encontra um significativo cardápio de possibilidades pessoais e sociais com seu ingresso na igreja. Com tantos diferenciais atrelados aos seus serviços, como também, o perfil socioeconômico do seu séquito de fiéis, podemos definir o estágio em que a Igreja Fonte da Vida se encontra como a quarta onda do pentecostalismo brasileiro.

Ngauruhoe is an active basaltic andesite to andesite composite cone volcano at the southern end of the Tongariro volcanic complex, and most recently erupted in 1954-55 and 1974-75. These eruptions constructed the inner crater of Ngauruhoe, largely composed of 1954-55 deposits, which are the basis of this study. The inner crater stratigraphy, exposed on the southern wall, is divided into seven lithostratigraphic units (A to G), while the northern stratigraphy is obscured by the inward collapse of the crater rim. The units are, from oldest to youngest: Unit A, (17.5 m thick), a densely agglutinated spatter deposit with sharp clast outlines; Unit B, (11.2 m) a thick scoria lapilli deposit with local agglutination and scattered spatter bombs up to 1 m in length; Unit C, (6.4 m thick) a clastogenic lava deposit with lateral variations in agglutination; and Unit D, (10 m thick) a scoria lapilli with varying local agglutination. The overlying Unit E (15 cm thick) is a fine ash fallout bed that represents the final vulcanian phase of the 1954-55 eruption. Unit F is a series of six lapilli and ash beds that represent the early vulcanian episode of the 1974-75 eruption. The uppermost Unit G (averaging 10 m thick) is a densely agglutinated spatter deposit that represents the later strombolian phase of the 1974-75 eruption. Units A-D juvenile clasts are porphyritic, with phenocrysts of plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, minor olivine, within a microlitic glassy groundmass. Quartzose and greywacke xenoliths are common in most units, and are derived from the underlying basement. The 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions are a product of a short-lived, continental arc medium-K calc-alkaline magma. The magma originated from the mantle, then filtered through the crust, undergoing assimilation and fractionation, and evolving to basaltic andesite and andesite compositions. The magma body stagnated in shallow reservoirs where it underwent further crustal assimilation and fractionation of plagioclase and olivine, and homogenisation through magma mixing. Prior to the 1954-55 eruption a more primitive magma body was incorporated into the melt. The melt homogenised and fed both the 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions, with a residence time of at least 20 years. The 1954-55 eruption produced alternating basaltic andesite and andesite strombolian activity and more intense fire fountaining, erupting scoria and spatter that built up the bulk of the inner crater. A period of relative quiescence allowed the formation of a cooled, solid cap rock that resulted in the accumulation of pressure due to volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence. The fracturing of the cap rock then resulted in a vulcanian eruption, depositing a thin layer of fine ash and ballistic blocks. The 1974-75 eruption commenced with the rupturing of the near-solid cap rock from the 1954-55 eruption in an explosive vulcanian blast, the result of decompressional volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence, and possible magma-water interaction. The eruption later changed to strombolian style, producing a clastogenic lava that partially flowed back into the crater.

Ce manuscrit est centré sur la conception, l'amélioration et l'évaluation des protocoles des couches RESEAU, MAC et PHY. En particulier, nous nous focalisons sur la conception de nouveaux protocoles distribués pour une utilisation optimale/améliorée des ressources radio disponibles. Par ailleurs, nous caractérisons les performances des réseaux ad hoc à accès aléatoire au canal en utilisant des paramètres de plusieurs couches avec aptitude de transfert d'information (data forwarding). La majeure partie de nos analyses se base sur le concept d'interaction entre les couches OSI (cross-layer). En effet, cette nouvelle et attractive approche est devenue en peu de temps omniprésente dans le domaine de recherche et développement et dans le domaine industriel. Les métriques de performances qui nous intéressent sont la stabilité des files d'attentes de transfert, le débit, le délai et la consommation d'énergie. Principalement, la compréhension de l'interaction entre les couches MAC/PHY et routage du standard IEEE 802.11e DCF/EDCF, d'une part, et l'interaction entre noeuds en terme d'interférences, d'autre part, constituent le coeur central de notre travail

<p>The aim of this undergraduate thesis was to study what the participation in the activities of the Fontain House in Stockholm means to its members. The research questions dealt with how the members describe their participation in the activities, whether they say that it has helped them, and, in that case, in which way. Furthermore, they dealt with how the members argue about their experiences of mental illness and of social help. The study was carried out within the framework of the narrative method. As tools for analyzing the narratives, parts of An-tonovsky’s theories as well as the theoretical concepts of inclusion and exclusion as described by Madsen, were used. Furthermore, earlier research on the Fontain House was applied in the analysis. The results of the study showed that all of the respondents said that the Fontain House was of great importance in their lives and that they could participate in its activities in regard to their own needs and resources. The thesis discusses whether the selection and the execution of the study may have affected the results toward a positive tendency. Concerning how the re-spondents argue about mental illness and about social help, the answers varied strongly.</p>

Ce manuscrit est centré sur la conception, l'amélioration et l'évaluation des protocoles des couches RESEAU, MAC et PHY. En particulier, nous nous focalisons sur la conception de nouveaux protocoles distribués pour une utilisation optimale/améliorée des ressources radio disponibles. Par ailleurs, nous caractérisons les performances des réseaux ad hoc à accès aléatoire au canal en utilisant des paramètres de plusieurs couches avec aptitude de transfert d'information (data forwarding). La majeure partie de nos analyses se base sur le concept d'interaction entre les couches OSI (cross-layer). En effet, cette nouvelle et attractive approche est devenue en peu de temps omniprésente dans le domaine de recherche et développement et dans le domaine industriel. Les métriques de performances qui nous intéressent sont la stabilité des files d'attentes de transfert, le débit, le délai et la consommation d'énergie. Principalement, la compréhension de l'interaction entre les couches MAC/PHY et routage du standard IEEE 802.11e DCF/EDCF, d'une part, et l'interaction entre noeuds en terme d'interférences, d'autre part, constituent le coeur central de notre travail.

Important global hydrodynamic relationships for shallow spouted beds of high-density particles were characterized in terms of three features: minimum spouting velocity, overall bed pressure drop at minimum spouting velocity; and fountain height. Spouted bed literature is sparse for shallow beds (static particle depth to bed diameter ≤ 1) and beds with heavy particles (density > 3000 kg/m3). Correlations for such beds were developed here by varying column diameter, static bed height, particle diameter, particle density, gas density and gas flow in an ambient temperature and pressure bed. The degree of correlation between each of the observed hydrodynamic features and a set of selected dimensionless groups from the literature was evaluated with principal components analysis. The minimum spouting velocity correlated strongly with the ratios of particle to bed diameter, of particle to gas density, and of static bed height to particle diameter, and weakly with Archimedes number. Overall bed pressure drop at minimum spouting correlated strongly with Archimedes number, the ratio of static bed height to particle diameter and Froude number. Fountain height correlated strongly with the ratios of the superficial gas velocity to minimum spouting velocity, of static bed height to particle diameter and of the particle to the bed diameter. Principal component regression models were developed for minimum spouting velocity, bed pressure drop, and fountain height with respect to a selected set of dimensionless parameters. All models have regression coefficient values exceeding 85%. Predictions using models developed in this study were compared with correlations in the literature and found to give better results for the experimental conditions studied. Most likely the literature models were less accurate because they were extrapolated. Distinct bed pressure drop relationships with gas flow were observed for certain ranges of particle diameter and static bed height. In addition three dynamical spouting modes were observed, and named as regular, erratic and bimodal. A spouting regime map is proposed based on the spouting regimes defined in this investigation. The correspondence between bed pressure drop relationships and spouting regimes is still unclear.

Are decision-makers, and public ones in particular, considering the spatial characteristics of territories when they are making decisions? Which elements should be included in computer-based systems supporting such decisions? These two questions summarise the issues geographic information system scientists are addressing. They also constitute the starting point of this investigation on the theme of errors and uncertainty in spatial decision support systems. While decision theories, methodologies and techniques abound, none are peculiar to spatial issues. At best, they are using spatial data and in a few cases they are applied to helping solve spatial problems. It has been recognised that spatial data need distinct management systems. Should it be the same for spatial decisions? By postulating that spatial decision is a specific field requiring its own treatise, this author initiates an original reflexion. Following a holistic approach, this theoretical work develops a conceptual decision model: the 'decisional fountain'. This model gives a coherent and integrated view on the various fields of decision-making. Based on the postulate and on the model developed, several theories and techniques are revisited in a truly spatial perspective. The ontology of spatial decision has been enriched by a variety of experiences. Dealing with drought at the European level, allocating water resources from the field scale to the country scale, regional spatial planning, performing strategic environmental assessment, conceptualising the parking of a vehicle, developing the spatial abilities of children, all have fed this conceptual research. Some of them are illustrating this manuscript. Taking a spatial information science perspective, this manuscript leads you towards a 'spatial decision' theory.

The aim of this undergraduate thesis was to study what the participation in the activities of the Fontain House in Stockholm means to its members. The research questions dealt with how the members describe their participation in the activities, whether they say that it has helped them, and, in that case, in which way. Furthermore, they dealt with how the members argue about their experiences of mental illness and of social help. The study was carried out within the framework of the narrative method. As tools for analyzing the narratives, parts of An-tonovsky’s theories as well as the theoretical concepts of inclusion and exclusion as described by Madsen, were used. Furthermore, earlier research on the Fontain House was applied in the analysis. The results of the study showed that all of the respondents said that the Fontain House was of great importance in their lives and that they could participate in its activities in regard to their own needs and resources. The thesis discusses whether the selection and the execution of the study may have affected the results toward a positive tendency. Concerning how the re-spondents argue about mental illness and about social help, the answers varied strongly.