The purposes of this study were (1) to determine if 4th grade students improve in computation efficiency being taught Chisanbop; (2) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in application skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop; (3) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in concept skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop; (4) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in problem solving skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop; and (5) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in composite skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop. The conclusions drawn from the findings of this study were that Chisanbop instruction assisted students in the experimental group in scoring significantly higher than students in the control group in application skill efficiency, concept skill efficiency, problem solving skill efficiency, and composite skill efficiency. Other indications are that Chisanbop instruction did not significantly affect students in the experimental group in regard to computational skills. In regard to the composite skills of the students in the upper one-third and the lower one-third of the experimental group, there were no statistically significant differences from their counterparts in the control group. In light of these findings, it is recommended that school districts utilize Chisanbop as a supplement to their regular mathematics program at the 4th grade level. It is also recommended that additional studies be conducted at the 4th grade level for extended periods of time to determine any delayed dimension of Chisanbop.

Orientador: Mônica Modesta Santos Decanini / Banca: Fernando Luiz de Paula Santil / Banca: Edmur Azevedo Pugliesi / Resumo: O uso de mapas, Atlas e mais recentemente, imagens de sensoriamento remoto constituem uma importante parte do currículo escolar, particularmente na disciplina de Geografia. Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, documento que apresenta as linhas norteadoras do ensino fundamental no Brasil, enfatizam a importância da tecnologia na educação ao propor o uso de recursos multimídia para auxiliar no aprendizado de conceitos de representação e espacialização. Através de recursos multimídia surge a capacidade de manipular representações mapeadas nos Atlas, possibilitando a seleção e modificação de informações, o que os tornam mais atrativos e didáticos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de Atlas Escolar Interativo para alunos do quarto ciclo do ensino fundamental com uso de ferramentas multimídia. O projeto do Atlas constituiu de duas grandes etapas. A primeira denominada projeto cartográfico, a qual consiste na análise da demanda do usuário e definição do conteúdo, projeto de composição geral e projeto gráfico e da interface. A segunda etapa é a produção do Atlas que engloba a aquisição e edição da base de dados geográficos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of maps, atlas and images of remote sensing constitute an important part of the school curriculum, particularly in the discipline of Geography. The National Curriculum, which presents the contents guidelines that is taught in Brazil schools, emphasize the importance of the technology in the education, by proposing the use of multimedia resource to aid in the learning process of geographical concepts. Through resources multimedia is possible to manipulate and interact with maps, what turns them more attractive and instigating. This paper presents the development of a prototype of Interactive School Atlas for students of the fourth cycle of the elementary school. The project was constituted of two great stages. The first one was denominated as cartographic project. The second stage was the production of the Atlas. that includes the acquisition and edition of the geographical ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the economic development of Czechoslovakia during the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1966-1970) taking into account political development concerning mainly the formation of the second economic reform in Czechoslovakia. The theoretical section of the thesis deals with the political and the economic situation in Czechoslovakia between 1947-1965. It also looks into the characteristics of mechanisms of the functioning of the Czechoslovak economy. The analytical section deals with Šik´s Reform including its most important economic documents. It analyses the Fourth Five-Year Plan focussing on the most significant indicators of the national economy - national income, investments, industry, agriculture and forestry, transport and communications, water management, international trade, construction industry, standards of living, research and development. Despite the continuation of Šik´s Reform which had little influence on changing the economic progress, and despite the political tensions culminating in August 1968, the economic development during the Fourth Five-Year Plan can be regarded as quite successful.

This thesis has three main purposes: 1. to determine the progress made in achievement by each individual in the departmentalized and non-departmentalized groups; 2. to contrast the progress made in achievement by the groups under discussion; 3. to ascertain, by comparison of the two groups, whether any relative gain in achievement is made as a result of children working in the two different school organizations.

Background It is believed that the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) will bring about unprecedented change to the world, ultimately having such a deep impact that some argue it may change human life at its core. It is believed that many organisations will not survive the radical disruption that will ensue. On the contrary, some authors have argued that the 4IR will bring about many benefits and opportunities for organisations, as with previous revolutions, provided it is managed effectively by business leaders. Rationale for the research study There is a growing consensus that existing leadership styles and management practices may not be suitable for organisational performance for the 4IR. It has, therefore, been suggested that different theories, models or approaches to leadership will be required if organisations are to remain competitive and sustainably successful in a business context that will look very different to what leaders have been accustomed to. It is argued here that Leadership 4.0 and innovative management practices, may have merit in this context. Aim of the study This present study was an exploratory attempt to investigate the relationship between Leadership 4.0, innovative management practices and organisational performance capabilities for the 4IR. For the purposes of this study, 1) a range of leadership theories/models/approaches/styles, including Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership and Leadership 4.0; 2) innovative management practices, including human resource management, organising and information sharing, risk management and stakeholder management as they compare to the old and new economy; and 3) organisational performance capabilities, including human capital, digital risk management and business model value creation were investigated. Research Design, Sampling and realised sample An exploratory research design was followed, utilising a mixed method approach. A crosssectional approach was taken to data collection, with a composite questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study utilised to collect data. A realised sample of n=61 respondents, mainly 4 from local, privately owned, knowledge-intensive organisations was obtained using a convenience sampling approach. Statistical analyses Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were utilised to estimate the relationships among the abovementioned constructs. Mediation analyses utilising the PROCESS macro was employed to test whether the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities was mediated through innovative management practices. Results Statistically significant positive relationships were found between Leadership 4.0, Innovative Management Practices and Organisational Performance Capabilities. A regression model indicated that Leadership styles statistically significantly predicted the most variance in Organisational Performance Capabilities. Results further determined that Transactional Leadership explained a unique variance in risk management and digital risk management. Lastly, the test for mediation indicated that innovative management practices partially mediated the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities. Findings: Findings from the results supported various discussions and studies in the literature and in practice that leadership, specifically Leadership 4.0, is an important element to navigating the uncertainties and challenges presented by the 4IR. Further evidence was also found in support of contingent leadership theories. Managerial Implications The findings of the present research study holds a practical implication for organisations in that the findings support the literature suggesting that leadership is a key element in organisational performance capabilities, specifically for survival and sustainability for the 4IR. The findings further contributes to a growing body of knowledge surrounding the 4IR, leadership, innovative management practices and organisational performance fields of research.

The purpose of this study is to understand how students in year 4, 5 and 6 describe their learning of new words. This study uses a qualitative method based on interviews with students, who have linguistic vulnerabilities, describing their thoughts about learning new words. The results have been analyzed from the students’ perspective and through four themes. The themes are students’ learning of new words, words depth and breadth, the teaching of new words and reading and reading comprehension. The study shows that from the students’ perspective, teachers have an important part in their vocabulary development. Based on the students’ descriptions, teachers mainly describe new words orally. Furthermore, the results show that the students had problems with words that are characteristic of the written language and important for reading comprehension, also known as level 2 words. There were only few words that the students had a deeper understanding and could give a correct definition of. The results implies that teaches need to adapt and develop their vocabulary teaching to give students a greater vocabulary depth and breadth.

As boys in the upper elementary grades become increasingly influenced by peer pressure, many are less likely to participate in singing activities because singing is considered a "feminine" activity. The purpose of this research was to explore if there was an effect on upper elementary boys' level of participation during group singing activities when they attended music classes in a single-sex setting. This study employed a true experimental design and a mixed method. Boys (N = 186) were videotaped during their regular coeducational music classes on two occasions to establish baseline data. Then the students were randomly assigned to attend music classes in either a single-sex or coeducational group. Boys were videotaped again after seven music classes (approximately 9 weeks later). The videos were scored using the author-designed Singing Participation Measure, and the scores (N = 123) were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, qualitative data were collected in the form of music teacher interviews and journal entries. The ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences between groups (single-sex or coeducational) or within groups (baseline scores versus post-treatment scores). In contrast, the qualitative data showed substantial differences in most of the boys' participation in single-sex classes. The teachers reported a sudden increase in the boys' singing participation and described numerous advantages of single-sex music education. Further research is needed. Implications for music educators suggest teachers could create single-sex singing opportunities, choose repertoire mindfully, and establish a "singing culture" at the school to increase boys' participation during singing activities. In addition, music educators are encouraged to know their students' strengths, weaknesses, interests, and needs, and to remember that "one size" does not "fit all" when it comes to what is best for developing young musicians.

Flexible forms of employment Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to map the flexible forms of employment currently offered by the Czech legislation as well as those that might possibly become part of the legal system in the Czech Republic. Flexible forms of employment are currently on the rise, and it is therefore relevant to address the possibilities offered by the legislation. Part one focuses on defining the basic terms of the legal and theoretical framework of flexible forms of employment and in this context also the importance of flexicurity as a concept that has shaped the forms of flexible employment in the recent years. Second part of the thesis describes the specific forms of employment in terms of their legal regulation and what challenges are associated with the use of each individual form of flexible employment, furthermore this part explores aspects of flexibility that can be found within these types flexible employment. Examples of such flexible forms of employment mentioned include, but are not limited to, fixed-term employment, homeworking and, in terms of working hours, a condensed working week and flexible working hours. The next part discusses new emerging forms of flexible employment, namely job sharing, employee sharing, interim management, casual work, as well as new forms of...

The problem of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two methods of teaching Spanish by non-specialist teachers in grade four. This study was planned to investigate the effectiveness of two programs designed to teach Spanish to non-Spanish-speaking fourth grade students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the personal reading interests of students in the third, fourth and fifth grades and to determine if advances in technology in the past twenty years have changed their reading interests.