No novo ambiente do setor elétrico brasileiro, a partir das mudanças no modelo em 1993, os agentes setoriais ingressaram em um mercado altamente competitivo e, particularmente no caso dos consumidores, surgiu a possibilidade de escolha do fornecedor de energia elétrica, de acordo com regras e restrições que foram sendo alteradas com o passar dos anos. O consumidor enquadrado neste perfil, foi denominado consumidor livre, o qual, de acordo com as regras e restrições ditadas pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), passa a ter a opção por fornecimento através de outras empresas, que não a concessionária que detém a área de concessão onde o consumidor em questão está fisicamente localizado. Os demais consumidores, não qualificados como livres, permanecem cativos, ou seja, não tem a possibilidade de optar por fornecimento a partir de empresas externas à área de concessão inicial onde esteja localizado. Os estudos aqui apresentados são um importante ponto de partida para a pesquisa sobre os consumidores livres de energia elétrica e seu comportamento no mercado. Nesse sentido, o conteúdo foi estabelecido de modo a propiciar aos leitores subsídios para um melhor entendimento sobre o histórico do setor energético brasileiro, bem como sobre o ambiente de livre contratação. Tratou-se com particular ênfase os consumidores livres (CL), visando assim permitir ao potencial CL bases para um possível estudo de migração para o ambiente de contratação livre (ACL). / In the new environment of the Brazilian electric power sector, since the changes in the institutional model beginning in 1993, electrical sector agents entered into a highly competitive market, particularly in the case of the consumers which have had the possibility to choose their supplier of electricity in accordance with rules and restrictions that have been modified over the years. The consumer that fits this profile, was named free consumer whom in accordance with the rules and restrictions dictated by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), will have the option of electrical energy delivery through other companies, instead of the company that holds granting of the area where the consumer in question is physically located. The other costumers, that couldn\'t be qualified as free, remain captive, unable to choose for their supply from outside the area where the original grant is located. The studies presented here are an important starting point for research on free energy consumers and their behavior in order to provide subsidies to the readers to get a better understanding of the history of the Brazilian energy sector and the free market, with emphasis on free consumers (CL), to thereby enable the CL potential bases for a possible study of migration to the free market.

No novo ambiente do setor elétrico brasileiro, a partir das mudanças no modelo em 1993, os agentes setoriais ingressaram em um mercado altamente competitivo e, particularmente no caso dos consumidores, surgiu a possibilidade de escolha do fornecedor de energia elétrica, de acordo com regras e restrições que foram sendo alteradas com o passar dos anos. O consumidor enquadrado neste perfil, foi denominado consumidor livre, o qual, de acordo com as regras e restrições ditadas pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), passa a ter a opção por fornecimento através de outras empresas, que não a concessionária que detém a área de concessão onde o consumidor em questão está fisicamente localizado. Os demais consumidores, não qualificados como livres, permanecem cativos, ou seja, não tem a possibilidade de optar por fornecimento a partir de empresas externas à área de concessão inicial onde esteja localizado. Os estudos aqui apresentados são um importante ponto de partida para a pesquisa sobre os consumidores livres de energia elétrica e seu comportamento no mercado. Nesse sentido, o conteúdo foi estabelecido de modo a propiciar aos leitores subsídios para um melhor entendimento sobre o histórico do setor energético brasileiro, bem como sobre o ambiente de livre contratação. Tratou-se com particular ênfase os consumidores livres (CL), visando assim permitir ao potencial CL bases para um possível estudo de migração para o ambiente de contratação livre (ACL). / In the new environment of the Brazilian electric power sector, since the changes in the institutional model beginning in 1993, electrical sector agents entered into a highly competitive market, particularly in the case of the consumers which have had the possibility to choose their supplier of electricity in accordance with rules and restrictions that have been modified over the years. The consumer that fits this profile, was named free consumer whom in accordance with the rules and restrictions dictated by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), will have the option of electrical energy delivery through other companies, instead of the company that holds granting of the area where the consumer in question is physically located. The other costumers, that couldn\'t be qualified as free, remain captive, unable to choose for their supply from outside the area where the original grant is located. The studies presented here are an important starting point for research on free energy consumers and their behavior in order to provide subsidies to the readers to get a better understanding of the history of the Brazilian energy sector and the free market, with emphasis on free consumers (CL), to thereby enable the CL potential bases for a possible study of migration to the free market.

This work mainly studies modeling and existence issues for martingale models of option markets with one stock and a collection of European call options for one fixed maturity and infinetely many strikes. In particular, we study Dupire's and Schweizer-Wissel's models, especially the latter one. These two types of models have two completely different pricing approachs, one of which is martingale approach (in Dupire's model), and other one is a market approach (in Schweizer-Wissel's model). After arguing that Dupire's model suffers from the several lacks comparing to Schweizer-Wissel's model, we extend the latter one to get the variations for the case of options on interest rate indexes and futures options. Our models are based on the newly introduced definitions of local implied volatilities and a price level proposed by Schweizer and Wissel. We get explicit expressions of option prices as functions of the local implied volatilities and the price levels in our variations of models. Afterwards, the absence of the dynamic arbitrage in the market for such models can be described in terms of the drift restrictions on the models' coefficients. Finally we demonstrate the application of such models by a simple example of an investment portfolio to show how Schweizer-Wissel's model works generally.

xv, 372 p. / In my dissertation I argue that because the European Union and the United States of America have been largely treated as unique or at least special cases, both the literature on American-state building and that on European market integration have missed how close comparison alters both our descriptive views and social-scientific explanations of the shape of each polity. In particular, scholars have not sufficiently recognized that the European Union has gone further than the United States in many elements of the creation of a centralized, liberalized single market, nor have they produced explanations that account well for this development. This study challenges the dominant assumption that the United States is generally more hierarchical and centralized than the European Union and more of a single free market in the sense of fewer allowable trade barriers. By analyzing the rules of market integration in services (over 70% of GDP), public procurement (15 - 20% GDP) and the regulated goods markets (goods like elevators with their own regulatory regimes), I demonstrate that in all these major cases the European Union has adopted rules that open exchange to competition more than the United States. While the actual integration of flows on the ground is still generally less across European states than American ones, the political rules are more - and more liberally - integrated in Europe. I offer an institutional and ideational argument to explain these differences, with two main parts. First, there is no American parallel to the institution of the European Commission, which is mandated to continually push liberalization forward. My research shows that Commission leadership has been critical to each of the examined cases. Second, broader norms of legitimate governance favor centralized authority - including liberalizing central authority - more in the European Union than in the United States. Despite all the criticism we hear of the European Union, the basic notion of federal governance of market integration is far more strongly accepted across Europe at both elite and mass levels than in the United States. As interview evidence in this study displays, many Americans consistently object to any role for the federal government. / Committee in charge: Dr. Craig Parsons, Chairperson; Dr. Gerald Berk, Member; Dr. Lars Skålnes, Member; Dr. Alexander B. Murphy, Outside Member

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 乙第12952号 / 論人博第43号 / 新制||人||178(附属図書館) / 27||論人博||43(吉田南総合図書館) / 32251 / (主査)教授 杉万 俊夫, 教授 ﾍﾞｯｶｰ ｶｰﾙ, 教授 吉田 純, 准教授 永田 素彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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“The More You Look, the more THERE IS to see…” From Hinekaro Goes on a Picnic and Blows up Another Obelisk (Christine Parker, Oceania Parker, 1995) In the 1990s New Zealand was in the grip of free market fundamentalism, neo-liberal deregulation of the economy having begun in the mid-eighties. The Maori protest movement was a major source of societal conflict and feminism had become the ‘F’ word. This study examines my writing and directing during the 1990s in New Zealand. It is proposed that the films contributed to national and international conversations around feminism, colonial struggles, spirituality and the supernatural. It is argued that these works offer a social critique of neoliberalism and the divisive effects of it, on women in particular. In the context of this appraisal neoliberalism is understood to be a set of beliefs that support the functioning of the global free market, with minimal government regulation, except to protect the functioning of private enterprise and the ownership of private property. The short films One Man’s Meat (1991), Peach (1993), and Hinekaro Goes on a Picnic and Blows up Another Obelisk (1995) and the feature film Channelling Baby (1999) are located in an oeuvre of female, Gay, and Maori film makers and artists responding to this environment. The recurrence of alternative utopias, the use of magic realism and the representation of the spiritual and supernatural in my work are also considered in relation to other films made in the period. A case is made that the films were part of a small vanguard of films responding to the 1990s status quo by offering alternative modes of discourse to the dominant economic rationalism. Rich in visual intensity and heightened narrative tropes, such as irony and fragmented narratives, my aesthetic choices, together with recurring themes of chance and fate, agency and identity, are considered to link the films together as a coherent study. While the works are located in an evolving feminist tradition in the 1990s, their continued relevance today, particularly in relation to foregrounding marginal voices and the disruption of dominant paradigms and expectations of female behaviour and identity, underpin the claim for originality.

This study evaluates the public market system in New Orleans, Louisiana by focusing on the history of New Orleans public markets, the privatization of food, and the "greening" of the city with the creation of the Crescent City Farmers Market and other grass roots food activist efforts. Using qualitative methods, ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation and interviewing, issues of food access, food security, food production, food locality, quality, and affordability in New Orleans are explored. The history of public markets in New Orleans and the patterns of market proliferation, regulation, and privatization are significant in the landscape of cultural self-identification, community cohesion, neighborhood networks and economic and ecological development and sustainability. The city's various food shopping arenas and their locations become markers of history, status, rebellion, and of the "other," and become centers for issues of health, economy, politics, and food.

The water privatization project in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 1993 and 2006 serves as the main case study in this investigation. The study begins by introducing background information on neo-liberalism and free market capitalism and their role in promoting private sector participation in the water supply and sanitation (WSS) services industry. A comparative case study analysis of the Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Dolphin Coast, and United Kingdom case studies has revealed that there are some key similarities between the case studies. In the conclusion, the key similarities are analyzed to make broader implications about the nature of private sector participation in the WSS services industry.

After the end of the Second World War, three major economic powers emerged. Japan in Asia, Germany in Europe, and the United States in North America, quickly became the economic engines of their respective regions. Japan, with its "catch-up" and producer centered economy, grew so fast and so large, that there were worries in America that the Japanese would end up winning the economic war. West Germany, supported by the capitalist world, became a miracle economy, and the economic power of the European Union. In the past fifteen years however, these two economies have faltered and stagnated. In Japan, the nineteen nineties are referred to as the "lost decade". In Germany, unemployment continued to grow throughout the decade, and in the former East Germany remained at near catastrophic levels. Much has been written about the reasons for this, referring to the quick and somewhat chaotic reunification of Germany, and the focus of the Japanese on "catching up" to the West. Yet these are not adequate explanations. The problems lie deep in the systemic level of both economies, particularly in the area of labor policies, both in formal written laws and policies prevalent in Germany, and the informal cultural guarantees that are seen in the Japanese systems. The area of the non-liberal capitalist model, particularly the banks and capital investment also contributes to the continued economic stagnation of these two states. Comparing these to the liberal economic policies in the United States, this thesis will show that greater flexibility in both the capitalist and labor models allow [sic] for greater success in the globalized economy.