Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-08-14T11:15:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida Godinho - 2018.pdf: 1651273 bytes, checksum: 890f5600c2d2f93c59e9850a092488ac (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-14T11:32:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida Godinho - 2018.pdf: 1651273 bytes, checksum: 890f5600c2d2f93c59e9850a092488ac (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida Godinho - 2018.pdf: 1651273 bytes, checksum: 890f5600c2d2f93c59e9850a092488ac (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Capitalism and the environmental, for many, are seen as extreme opposites. One of the intentions in this work is to discuss how this conflict is developed and to show solutions for it, having the case of Brasil Mata Viva to represent the realized theoretical discussion. However, it is not central to this work to explore the conflict between capitalism and the environment, but to show a reality where both were put together harmonically. This work has two main theoretical focal points: free market environmentalism and environmental discourse analysis. Firstly, an exposé about free market environmentalism and its main concepts was made, paving the way the theory used to study Brasil Mata Viva. Secondly, the environmental discourse analysis is debated, and is shown its categories. Right after, an presentation of Brasil Mata Viva was realized, showing its history, actions and relations with society. Finally, the data obtained is discussed in the light of the methodologies given by the theories of free market capitalism and environmental discourse analysis where markets, relations with institutional public figures, community and the environment are central. The results show a contradictory combination, although successful, rooted by the studied context which challenges the theorized conceptions. / Capitalismo e meio ambiente, para muitos, são vistos como extremos opostos. Umas das intenções deste trabalho é discutir como esse conflito se desenvolve e apresentar possíveis soluções, tendo um caso empírico como o Brasil Mata Viva para representar a discussão teórica realizada. No entanto, não é central ao trabalho explorar o conflito entre capitalismo e meio ambiente, mas sim apresentar uma realidade que possibilitou a junção harmônica de ambos. Há duas teorias centrais; o ambientalismo de livre mercado e análise do discurso ambiental. Primeiramente, é realizada uma exposição do ambientalismo de livre mercado e seus conceitos, preparando a dimensão teórica utilizada para estudar o Brasil Mata Viva. Segundamente, a análise do discurso ambiental é discutida, onde as categorias de análise são apresentadas. Logo após é realizado a apresentação do Brasil Mata Viva, sua história, atuação e relações com a sociedade. Finalmente, os dados são debatidos conforme os métodos propostos pelo ambientalismo de livre mercado e a análise do discurso ambiental, com as relações da organização com o mercado, figuras institucionais públicas, comunidade e meio ambiente são centrais. Os resultados mostram uma combinação contraditória, apesar de bem-sucedida, inerentes ao contexto estudando que desafiam as concepções teorizadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Bertotti.pdf: 582370 bytes, checksum: fb343d89c831de1fcaf24011f3af56bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-18 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The general proposal of this academic work is focused on the studies to adopt a minimum labour standard, called Social Standard by the World Trade Organization. The themes shown through the research are inside the recent social rights crisis problems approached by a perspective that examines the impact of adopting an ideology of the free market related to the Labour Law. Therefore, the problems worked in this search are studied by the view of the effectuation of the Labour Law in an International plan, it means, it is possible to analyse, as well, the recent understanding by the International Labour Organization about the theme. To reach theses proposals, it will be analysed the structure of the World Trade Organization, elaborating, a study of its functions and attribution. In the same way, it will be discussed, detailed, the concept of this tool called Social Standard, tracing lines of direction about its structure and working. At last, it will be described issues about Social Dumping, free market and protectionism. The comprehension of this phenomenon will be highly important in the researched wanted in the globalization scenery. / A proposta geral do presente trabalho centra-se no estudo da adoção de padrões mínimos trabalhistas, as chamadas cláusulas sociais, pela Organização Mundial do Comércio. Os temas trazidos pela pesquisa estão inseridos na problemática da atual crise dos direitos sociais abordados sob uma perspectiva que examina os impactos da adoção da ideologia do livre-comércio em sua relação com o Direito do Trabalho. Dessa forma, os problemas tratados nessa investigação são vislumbrados sob a ótica da efetivação dos Direitos do Trabalho no plano internacional, ou seja, faz-se, também, a análise do atual entendimento da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre o tema. Para alcançar tais propósitos, analisaremos a estrutura da Organização Mundial do Comércio, elaborando um estudo de suas funções e atribuições. Da mesma forma, abordaremos, detalhadamente, o conceito desse instrumento denominado cláusulas sociais, traçando diretrizes acerca de sua estrutura e funcionamento. Discorre-se, por fim, sobre as questões do dumping social, do livre-mercado e do protecionismo. A compreensão desses fenômenos será imprescindível na pretendida abordagem em um cenário de globalização.

Submitted by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T14:52:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T14:52:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T14:52:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-08T14:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07 / O presente estudo analisa a absorção dos conceitos de defesa da concorrência na ética pessoal de executivos das áreas comerciais de uma grande empresa monopolista. A estratégia que visa à defesa da concorrência é revista para o caso de uma empresa dominante de mercado, cujos planos de marketing devem prever as limitações impostas pela lei, adotando ações para diminuir o risco de infrações. O pressuposto básico da pesquisa é o de que o comprometimento com as práticas de conduta para defesa da concorrência deve estar disseminado entre os valores éticos dos funcionários e, sobretudo, dos gestores, minimizando o risco de problemas criados por decisões tomadas sob pressão, sem tempo hábil para consultas às áreas jurídicas. As conseqüências de atitudes equivocadas dos executivos que atuam diretamente nas áreas de comercialização motivaram a realização de uma pesquisa para estudar a disseminação desses valores morais entre a força de trabalho de uma empresa monopolista. Os conflitos morais esperados entre a busca pela rentabilidade e aumento da participação no mercado versus as atitudes contenciosas de práticas comerciais agressivas foram examinados sob a ótica da sua inspiração filosófica. As convicções éticas entre os gestores de áreas cujas atuações são potencialmente sensíveis às sanções previstas nas normas de conduta antitruste vigentes no país foram pesquisadas através de entrevistas qualitativas semi-estruturadas. O resultado final comprova que os conceitos de defesa da concorrência estão bem sedimentados na ética pessoal dos gestores da empresa pesquisada, minimizando o risco de ações que gerem infrações à legislação do tema. Como resultados secundários da pesquisa, foram obtidos dados que poderão auxiliar em outras análises complementares ligando a presença de valores éticos de boa conduta concorrencial ao cargo exercido na empresa, tempo de experiência e ganhos monetários percebidos. Outra sugestão para estudos futuros seria a extensão da pesquisa para análise da eficiência de programas semelhantes em outras empresas. / The present study analyzes the absorption of the concepts of free market defense in the executive’s moral values of the commercial areas of a great monopolist company. The strategic view to the free market defense is reviewed for the case of a dominant market company, whose marketing plans must foresee the limitations imposed by the antitrust law, having adopted action to lower law infractions risk. The basic assumption of the study was that the compromise with the behavior for free market defense must be spread in the ethical values of the employees and, over all, the managers, minimizing the risk of problems created by decisions taken under pressure, without skillful time for consultations to the legal areas. The consequences of wrong attitudes of the managers who directly act in the commercial areas motivated the accomplishment of a research to study the dissemination of these moral values in the employees of a monopolist company. The moral conflicts expected between the search for the economic results and, on the other side, the commercial usage of litigious attitudes were examined under the optics of its philosophical inspiration. The ethical values of the managers of areas whose performances are potentially sensible to the sanctions foreseen in the effective antitrust behavior in the country were searched by means of half-structuralized qualitative interviews. The final result shows that the competition protection concepts are solid into the staff of managers ethics of the company investigated, minimizing the risk of actions that could generate law violations. Secondary results were data that can help in another complementary research linking the presence of free market defense ethical values with the organization position, professional experience and monetary earnings. Another suggestion for future studies would be the extension of the research to analyze the efficiency of similar programs in other companies.

Hoje no mercado brasileiro de eletricidade, o preço da energia convencional é composto pela soma do valor do Preço de Liquidação das Diferenças (PLD) divulgado pela Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica (CCEE) semanalmente com o valor do Spread negociado bilateralmente no mercado à vista (mercado de curto prazo), resultante do equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda. Em alguns momentos, o valor do Spread chega a representar mais de 100% do custo total da energia. Este trabalho faz uma análise do mercado brasileiro, bem como, de alguns mercados no exterior de energia elétrica e destaca os pontos que tem influência direta, na formação do Spread da energia convencional e como isso afeta a decisão de contratação dos agentes. Além disso, o trabalho busca encontrar correlações entre dados divulgados, como carga e oferta de energia, com o ágio negociado no mercado de curto prazo, buscando entender o real impacto de cada um desses fatores e explicar as grandes variações já observadas. Sugere-se também um modelo de regressão linear múltipla para a projeção de valores do ágio. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações proveniente de um banco de dados de cotações de negócios efetivamente realizados no curto prazo desde janeiro de 2011 até julho de 2014, bem como informações retiradas da CCEE e Operador Nacional do Sistema (ONS). / The Brazilian wholesales energy market price is formed by de sum of the PLD (Market Clearing Price which is released weekly by the Commercial Chamber) and a Spread value, resulting from the negotiation between the market agents. In some cases, the Spread represent more than 100% of the energy total cost. This paper presents an overview about some energy markets, focusing the Brazilian Energy Market, so as to highlight points that affect the Spread value at the spot market and, as consequence, the strategy of the market agents. Additionally, this paper shows the correlation between energy demand and energy offer and energy spread negotiated at the short term market, trying to understand the real impact of each variable trying to get the right explanation regarding the big variations observed. It has been suggested a mathematical model of multiple linear regression to forecast the spread value. In order to accomplish this purpose it was used (i) a historical data of effectively trading situations at the short term market, comprising the period between January 2011 to July 2014, as well as (ii) informations released by the Commercial Chamber (CCEE) and the System Operator (ONS).

Hoje no mercado brasileiro de eletricidade, o preço da energia convencional é composto pela soma do valor do Preço de Liquidação das Diferenças (PLD) divulgado pela Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica (CCEE) semanalmente com o valor do Spread negociado bilateralmente no mercado à vista (mercado de curto prazo), resultante do equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda. Em alguns momentos, o valor do Spread chega a representar mais de 100% do custo total da energia. Este trabalho faz uma análise do mercado brasileiro, bem como, de alguns mercados no exterior de energia elétrica e destaca os pontos que tem influência direta, na formação do Spread da energia convencional e como isso afeta a decisão de contratação dos agentes. Além disso, o trabalho busca encontrar correlações entre dados divulgados, como carga e oferta de energia, com o ágio negociado no mercado de curto prazo, buscando entender o real impacto de cada um desses fatores e explicar as grandes variações já observadas. Sugere-se também um modelo de regressão linear múltipla para a projeção de valores do ágio. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações proveniente de um banco de dados de cotações de negócios efetivamente realizados no curto prazo desde janeiro de 2011 até julho de 2014, bem como informações retiradas da CCEE e Operador Nacional do Sistema (ONS). / The Brazilian wholesales energy market price is formed by de sum of the PLD (Market Clearing Price which is released weekly by the Commercial Chamber) and a Spread value, resulting from the negotiation between the market agents. In some cases, the Spread represent more than 100% of the energy total cost. This paper presents an overview about some energy markets, focusing the Brazilian Energy Market, so as to highlight points that affect the Spread value at the spot market and, as consequence, the strategy of the market agents. Additionally, this paper shows the correlation between energy demand and energy offer and energy spread negotiated at the short term market, trying to understand the real impact of each variable trying to get the right explanation regarding the big variations observed. It has been suggested a mathematical model of multiple linear regression to forecast the spread value. In order to accomplish this purpose it was used (i) a historical data of effectively trading situations at the short term market, comprising the period between January 2011 to July 2014, as well as (ii) informations released by the Commercial Chamber (CCEE) and the System Operator (ONS).

In the beginning of the 1990s the responsibility for the schools shifted from the government to the local authorities. This started an era with a freedom of choice for students where they themselves could choose which school to go to. The new system also opened up the possibility for independent private schools to exist side by side with local authority held schools. The overall aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the location of these independent schools and the geographical pattern these independent schools create. The study in this paper is based on materials from statistics and interviews. The statistics is from SCB (Statistics Sweden), Skolverket (a government agency that work for the Ministry of Education) and Skolinspektionen (a government agency that supervises that schools follow laws and regulations) and the interviews are with principals and owners of independent schools and representatives from Skolverket, Skolinspektionen and Friskolornas riksförbund (The national association for independent schools). Since the 1990s the independent schools have become nearly as many as the local authority held schools, but are concentrated to 41 percent of Sweden’s municipalities. When comparing this to the local authority held schools that are in 96 percent of Sweden’s municipalities means that the independent schools are in high numbers in a few municipalities. The study shows a geographical pattern of independent schools mainly in large cities. In this paper I examine if the concentration of independent schools in a small part of Sweden’s municipalities is due to political reasons or economical reasons. In conclusion the study indicates that economical factors is the main reasons for their geographical location. The main reasons for locating in urban areas are based on the number of students, diversity, opportunity, and the closeness to universities but also the closeness to entertainment as cafés.

Submitted by RICARDO MATSUKURA LINDEMEYER (esulricardo@gmail.com) on 2018-09-24T19:05:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Aplicação da Teoria de Opções Reais na Avaliação de um Complexo Eólico_Ricardo Matsukura Lindemeyer_FINAL.pdf: 4907461 bytes, checksum: e0c2449b0e4ab9007a9f2ca970fba9fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2018-09-24T19:09:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Aplicação da Teoria de Opções Reais na Avaliação de um Complexo Eólico_Ricardo Matsukura Lindemeyer_FINAL.pdf: 4907461 bytes, checksum: e0c2449b0e4ab9007a9f2ca970fba9fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-25T12:45:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Aplicação da Teoria de Opções Reais na Avaliação de um Complexo Eólico_Ricardo Matsukura Lindemeyer_FINAL.pdf: 4907461 bytes, checksum: e0c2449b0e4ab9007a9f2ca970fba9fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T12:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Aplicação da Teoria de Opções Reais na Avaliação de um Complexo Eólico_Ricardo Matsukura Lindemeyer_FINAL.pdf: 4907461 bytes, checksum: e0c2449b0e4ab9007a9f2ca970fba9fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-27 / Nos últimos anos, o mercado livre de energia tem apresentado um elevado nível de crescimento. Pelo lado da oferta da energia, a fonte eólica atingiu 8% da matriz elétrica brasileira. Para os investidores em energia eólica, o processo de valuation é desafiador, pois as usinas oferecem uma série de flexibilidades gerenciais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as principais características da Teoria das Opções Reais (TOR) e a aplicabilidade desta ferramenta na avaliação de projetos de investimento em usinas eólicas. O objeto de análise foi a reconstrução de quatro usinas eólicas, que oferece uma série de opções, como adiamento, abandono ou expansão cadenciada. A energia das usinas seria destinada ao mercado livre e a principal incerteza considerada sobre o fluxo de caixa foi o preço de venda da energia produzida. Empregou-se o modelo de árvores binomiais, devido a natureza das opções (americanas). As opções de abandono e adiamento agregaram valor ao projeto, enquanto que a opção de expansão não gerou valor. Concluiu-se que a TOR permite identificar em quais cenários as decisões poderão ser tomadas, e que as usinas eólicas bem como o setor possuem muitas opções reais que precisam ser identificadas e precificadas, e o presente trabalho mostra formas de aproveitá-las. / In recent years, the free energy market has shown a high level of growth. On the supply side of energy, the wind power source reached 8% of the brazilian electricity matrix. For wind energy investors, the valuation process is challenging as mills offer a range of management flexibilities. The objective of this work is to present the main characteristics of the Real Options Theory (TOR) and the applicability of this tool in the evaluation of investment projects in wind farms. The object of analysis was the reconstruction of four wind farms, which offers a series of options, such as postponement, abandonment or cadenced expansion. The energy of the plants would be destined to the free market and the main uncertainty considered on the cash flow was the sale price of the energy produced. The model of binomial trees was used, due to the nature of the (american) options. The abandonment and deferral options added value to the project, since the expansion option did not generate value. It was concluded that the TOR allows to identify in which scenarios the decisions can be made, and that the wind farms as well as the sector have many real options that need to be identified and priced, and the present work shows ways to take advantage of them.

Cette recherche rend compte des difficultés de la diffusion des idées néo-libérales dans la vie politique française de 1974 jusqu’à 2012. Son premier apport consiste à démontrer – à travers un large panel de données sur les politiques publiques, l’opinion publique et les programmes des partis – qu’en France le succès des idées néo-libérales a été moindre par rapport aux autres pays européens. Son deuxième apport consiste à expliquer cette anomalie française, en contribuant plus généralement à la question de la diffusion des idéologies dans un système politique. La réponse se base sur une double étude : une analyse micro-historique centrée sur les acteurs (à partir d’entretiens et d’un travail sur les archives des organisations internationales de promotion du néo-libéralisme), couplée à une analyse macro-sociologique centrée sur les caractéristiques du contexte national. Il est montré que si la diffusion du néo-libéralisme a été moins importante en France par rapport à d’autres pays voisins, c’est en raison de la forte résistance de l’opinion publique à son égard. Celle-ci a restreint la fenêtre d’opportunité de ses partisans de manière directe en incitant les hommes politiques à ne pas mettre en œuvre des politiques publiques trop congruentes avec cette idéologie, et de manière indirecte, en exerçant une influence sur le discours économique et social des principaux partis politiques pouvant légitimer la mise en œuvre de mesures libéralisant les politiques publiques. De plus, la structure des institutions françaises a renforcé l’effet de « dépendance au sentier » dans la fabrique des politiques publiques en valorisant l’expertise d’État contre celle d’acteurs susceptibles de remettre en cause le consensus existant comme les universitaires et les think tanks. Enfin, à partir de la réalisation d’une socio-histoire inédite du mouvement néo-libéral depuis les années 1970, d’autres facteurs plus contingents sont identifiés. La fragmentation et la radicalité des partisans du néo-libéralisme, ainsi que la quasi absence d’entrepreneur politique susceptible d’incarner ces idées, ont contribué à la marginalité de ces idées dans le débat public. / This thesis examines, and then explains, the relative lack of success in the dissemination and acceptance of neo-liberal ideas in French politics during the period from 1974 to 2012. Using a wide range of data on public policy, public opinion and political party platforms, it demonstrates that neo-liberal thought has had far less influence in France than in other European nations. It then accounts for this anomaly and contributes more generally to the understanding of how ideologies diffuse in a political system. The answer is derived from the combination of two perspectives. The first is a stakeholder-centered, micro-historical analysis based on interviews and on the archives of international organizations promoting neo-liberalism. This is coupled with a macro-sociological analysis focused on the characteristics of the French national context. The failure of neo-liberalism to propagate in France is shown to be mainly due to the strong resistance of public opinion towards it. This has restricted opportunities for its supporters, both directly, by discouraging politicians from implementing policies congruent with this ideology, and indirectly, by shrinking the policy window of acceptable economic and social discourse and thus limiting the options of the main political parties that might otherwise legitimize the implementation of neo-liberal public policies. In addition, the structure of French institutions has reinforced the effect of "path dependence" in the making of public policy by valuing state expertise above that of actors likely to question the existing consensus, such as academics and think tanks. Finally, we identify other more incidental factors: The fragmentation and radicalism of neo-liberalism's supporters, as well as the absence of any political actor who could effectively embody these ideas, contributed to their marginality in the public debate.This thesis examines, and then explains, the relative lack of success in the dissemination and acceptance of neo-liberal ideas in French politics during the period from 1974 to 2012. Using a wide range of data on public policy, public opinion and political party platforms, it demonstrates that neo-liberal thought has had far less influence in France than in other European nations. It then accounts for this anomaly and contributes more generally to the understanding of how ideologies diffuse in a political system. The answer is derived from the combination of two perspectives. The first is a stakeholder-centered, micro-historical analysis based on interviews and on the archives of international organizations promoting neo-liberalism. This is coupled with a macro-sociological analysis focused on the characteristics of the French national context. The failure of neo-liberalism to propagate in France is shown to be mainly due to the strong resistance of public opinion towards it. This has restricted opportunities for its supporters, both directly, by discouraging politicians from implementing policies congruent with this ideology, and indirectly, by shrinking the policy window of acceptable economic and social discourse and thus limiting the options of the main political parties that might otherwise legitimize the implementation of neo-liberal public policies. In addition, the structure of French institutions has reinforced the effect of "path dependence" in the making of public policy by valuing state expertise above that of actors likely to question the existing consensus, such as academics and think tanks. Finally, we identify other more incidental factors: The fragmentation and radicalism of neo-liberalism's supporters, as well as the absence of any political actor who could effectively embody these ideas, contributed to their marginality in the public debate.

No description available.

This is a comparative study of the spatial patterns of peasant crop farming in Chibombo District between the 1980s and the 1990s. The study lists and discusses the agricultural support system, communication infrastructure and the crop production and patterns of the 1980s within the environment of centralised planning and then compares these to the structures and patterns of the 1990s in an atmosphere of economic liberalisation. This comparison in crop production, cropping patterns, institutional support systems and the communication infrastructure in five sampled farming wards of Chibombo District, leads to the conclusion that there is a marked change in the structures and patterns of the 1990s from those of the 1980s. Thus, in Chibombo District, the state of the communication infrastructure in the 1990s is generally poorer than the communication infrastructure of the 1980s, the agricultural support system of the 1990s is largely privately owned and found in fewer farming areas while the agricultural support system of the 1980s was state controlled and more widely spread, and crop patterns in some farming wards are different in the 1990s from those of the 1980s. In the 1990s, crop production in farming wards with a supportive environment has increased than it was in the 1980s but decreased in those where a conducive environment lacks. In this line, the study makes several recommendations for consideration on how to mitigate the problems that the peasant farmers are facing or how to enhance the positive changes that have occurred in Chibombo District. / Geography / M.A. (Geography)