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Supporters of free trade argue that one of its benefits is to increase wellbeing and enhance respect for workers’ rights. Nevertheless, this will not happen unless concrete requirements concerning such protection are inserted within the actual agreements. This thesis argues that trade agreements should include labor provisions that provide effective protection for core labor rights and that those rights are enforced by the Parties. In the case of Taiwan, it has signed Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras; but only in the FTA with Nicaragua, a Labor Chapter (No. 18) has been introduced in the accord. It follows the United States- Dominican Republic- Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) design, and the signatories agree to enforce their own domestic labor laws and reaffirm their commitment to the internationally recognized labor rights. However, the language of the agreement is merely aspirational, directing Parties to strive to improve their laws, but providing no effective reward or sanction in this reward.

The purpose of the research is to seek for the key success factors of free trade agreements. And the result show: -FTA between countries with similar cultural background brings more benefits. But sometimes difference could be a plus. -Countries with more FTA signed benefit more while signing new FTAs. Other important factors include the sound institution and operational environment offered by a country. -FTA between geographically proximate countries benefits more. Also, FTA with country with good location that is closed to big markets brings more benefit. -Factors like the original tariff, quality of infrastructure, cost of human resources, and level of technology are the reasons that affect the benefits of FTA.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as diferenças e semelhanças do intercâmbio comercial de produtos e serviços entre Peru e Brasil a través da evolução das relações bilaterais entre os dois países a partir do ano 2000. Com este estudo se procura evidenciar que uma convivência harmoniosa e uma trajetória de crescimento econômico dinâmico para o Brasil, dependerá da adoção de estratégias bilaterais de comércio, para assim melhor liderar os países integrantes do Mercosul. Houve necessidade, então, de dividir a pesquisa em três frentes: Primeiro, o levantamento de diferentes conceitos teóricos para melhor entendimento do significado de Complementaridade Econômica/Integração Econômica. Segundo, os Perfis Econômicos de Peru e Brasil a partir do ano 2000. Terceiro, As Relações Bilaterais Comerciais entre Peru e Brasil a partir do ano 2000. Assim, constatamos que falta eliminar divergências nas estatísticas de comércio bilateral de ambos países e que ainda não há harmonização na qualificação dos produtos. A pesquisa compreendeu o levantamento bibliográfico e bibliográfico-digital referente a cada um dos capítulos projetados. / This research has as objective identify the differences between e common points of the commercial exchange of goods and services between Peru an d Brazil take into account the evolution of the bilateral relations since 2000. This research aims underline that a harmonic relation and an background of dynamic economic growth, as for Brazil, will depend of developing bilateral strategies of trade. That strategy will allow improve the Brazilian leadership in relation to the MERCOSULs countries. There were necessity of organizing the research in three parts: first, discussion of the basic theoretical concepts to improve the understanding of economic complementation and regional integration. Second, the economic profile from Peru and Brazil since 2000. Third, the commercial and bilateral relations between Peru and Brazil since 2000. Thus, the research conclude that there are divergences in statistics of both of countries , and that there is not still harmony in the qualification of trade products. This research embraces a bibliographical framework and bibliographical-digital framework.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as diferenças e semelhanças do intercâmbio comercial de produtos e serviços entre Peru e Brasil a través da evolução das relações bilaterais entre os dois países a partir do ano 2000. Com este estudo se procura evidenciar que uma convivência harmoniosa e uma trajetória de crescimento econômico dinâmico para o Brasil, dependerá da adoção de estratégias bilaterais de comércio, para assim melhor liderar os países integrantes do Mercosul. Houve necessidade, então, de dividir a pesquisa em três frentes: Primeiro, o levantamento de diferentes conceitos teóricos para melhor entendimento do significado de Complementaridade Econômica/Integração Econômica. Segundo, os Perfis Econômicos de Peru e Brasil a partir do ano 2000. Terceiro, As Relações Bilaterais Comerciais entre Peru e Brasil a partir do ano 2000. Assim, constatamos que falta eliminar divergências nas estatísticas de comércio bilateral de ambos países e que ainda não há harmonização na qualificação dos produtos. A pesquisa compreendeu o levantamento bibliográfico e bibliográfico-digital referente a cada um dos capítulos projetados. / This research has as objective identify the differences between e common points of the commercial exchange of goods and services between Peru an d Brazil take into account the evolution of the bilateral relations since 2000. This research aims underline that a harmonic relation and an background of dynamic economic growth, as for Brazil, will depend of developing bilateral strategies of trade. That strategy will allow improve the Brazilian leadership in relation to the MERCOSULs countries. There were necessity of organizing the research in three parts: first, discussion of the basic theoretical concepts to improve the understanding of economic complementation and regional integration. Second, the economic profile from Peru and Brazil since 2000. Third, the commercial and bilateral relations between Peru and Brazil since 2000. Thus, the research conclude that there are divergences in statistics of both of countries , and that there is not still harmony in the qualification of trade products. This research embraces a bibliographical framework and bibliographical-digital framework.

This diploma thesis deals with the North American Free Trade Agreement. The aim of this work is to describe and evaluate the importance and impact of developing country and two developed economies of Canada and the United States on the Mexican economy. I deal with trade relations within NAFTA (Mexico - U.S. and Mexico - Canada). I analyze international trade of Mexico. The result of the thesis is to evaluate the impact of NAFTA to the Mexican economy with an emphasis on economic relations with other member states.

El Perú ha fortalecido su política comercial a través del potenciamiento del comercio exterior. Mediante la apertura comercial, el Perú puede llegar a los diferentes mercados del mundo. Entrar en negocios internacionales incrementa la eficiencia productiva de los países, pues los países exportan aquellos productos que le resultan más económicos de producir e importan aquellos productos que le resultan más costosos de producir. Además, los Tratados de Libre Comercio, permiten el desarrollo del Perú en términos económicos, culturales, políticos, legales, sociales, ambientales y tecnológicos. El Programa País, el PENX y la Agenda Complementaria, son un claro ejemplo de que nuestra política comercial sigue en búsqueda de la consolidación. En este contexto, el Perú cuenta con un Tratado de Libre Comercio con la República Popular China (de ahora en adelante China), el cual entró en vigor el 01 de marzo de 2010 (TLC Perú-China, 2011). Nuestras exportaciones hacia dicho país han aumentado considerablemente en volumen y valor FOB (ADEX DATA TRADE, 2018) y China es nuestro principal socio comercial con una amplia ventaja. En el sector pesquero, la Harina de Pescado es el producto líder en exportaciones mundiales. La materia prima de la harina de pescado es la anchoveta y la pesca de esta especie, tuvo un momento clave cuando se establecieron los límites máximos de captura por embarcación, en búsqueda de la sostenibilidad del recurso (Aranguren, Arteaga y Chavez). Por otro lado, el mercado de China tiene una alta demanda de la harina de pescado, la cual es destinada al principalmente al desarrollo de la acuicultura, que se basa en la crianza de especies acuáticas (Pullin y Rashid, 2005). El gigante asiático presenta entonces un alto desarrollo en dicha actividad económica y cuenta a su vez con la mayor población del mundo, la cual asciende a 1, 386, 395 millones de habitantes (Banco Mundial, 2018). En el presente trabajo de investigación, se realizará un análisis de los factores más determinantes que impactaron en la evolución de las exportaciones de la harina de pescado, en el marco del TLC Perú-China, en el período 2012-2017. / Peru has strengthened its trade policy through the strengthening of foreign trade. Through commercial opening, Peru can reach the different markets of the world. Entering international businesses increases the productivity of countries, since countries export those products that are more economical to produce and import those products that are more expensive to produce. In addition, the Free Trade Agreements allow the development of Peru in economic, cultural, political, legal, social, environmental and technological terms. The Country Program, the PENX and the Complementary Agenda are a clear example that our commercial policy is still in search of consolidation. In this context, Peru has a Free Trade Agreement with the People's Republic of China (hereinafter China), which entered into force on March 1, 2010 (Peru-China FTA, 2011). Our exports to that country have increased considerably in volume and value FOB (ADEX DATA TRADE, 2018) and China is our main trading partner with a wide advantage. In the fishing sector, fishmeal is the leading product in world exports. The raw material of the fishmeal is the anchoveta and the fishing of this species, had a key moment when the maximum limits of capture by boat were established, in search of the sustainability of the resource (Aranguren, Arteaga and Chavez). On the other hand, the Chinese market has a high demand for fishmeal, which is mainly destined to the development of aquaculture, which is based on the rearing of aquatic species (Pullin and Rashid, 2005). The Asian giant then has a high development in this economic activity and has in turn the largest population in the world, which amounts to 1, 386, 395 million inhabitants (World Bank, 2018). In the present research work, an analysis of the most determining factors that impacted the evolution of fishmeal exports will be made, within the framework of the Peru-China FTA, in the period 2012-2017. / Tesis

<p>In 2000 “the European Union and South Africa Free Trade Agreement” was established with</p><p>the aim to gradually increase the amount of duty-free agricultural and industrial products to</p><p>each market. The aim of this paper is to investigate if South Africa benefits from the EU-SA</p><p>Free Trade Agreement and also what impacts this agreement has on South Africa’s trade with</p><p>Southern Africa and the rest of the world. The result from the study indicates that South</p><p>Africa benefits from the agreement in terms of improve trade. The result also shows that</p><p>South Africa’s trade with some Southern African countries has been negative effected by the</p><p>agreement but it is difficult to state if this is caused by the agreement or not. The rest of the</p><p>world has not been negatively affected by the agreement.</p>

As discussed in the factor-price equalization theorem, prices, and thus wages, tend to equalize as a result of trade between two countries. The focus of this thesis is to perform a time series regression in order to evaluate whether wage convergence has taken place between Mexico and the United Sates of America due to the establishment of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. The authors of this thesis conclude that wage convergence did take place between the two countries in question, since the slopes found using the regression are mostly positive, indicating an increasing real wage ratio between Mexico and the United States of America.

The development of Taiwanese steel industry has entered into decline stage. The domestic steel consumption is small plus being lack of steel strong demand industries. The factors mentioned above make Taiwanese steel industry shortage of supply in the upstream crude steel industry, while over-supply in rolled steel market. It would be the great chance to revitalize the steel industry to shift the oversupply capacities to the market that needs this product. Globalization and regional integration are two issues and trends in world¡¦s economic and trading perspective. The purpose of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is to liberate the trade, service and investment among the member countries. The spirit of FTA is consistency with that of WTO. Both are the vehicle of promoting trade liberation among global countries. Both Taiwan and Mainland China are member countries of WTO. However, there are still many limitations in trading between two countries. Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, ECFA, would be considered as a FTA between Taiwan and Mainland China. Compare WTO with ECFA, ECFA could provide better clauses, schedule in trade liberation and tariff reduction in goods. Furthermore, the tariff of some goods can be fully eliminated. ECFA could be perceived as an opportunity and a threat to Taiwan. It could be a great ¡§opportunity¡¨ to create substantial trading and investment opportunities through industry investing to Taiwan. However, this agreement could also result in trade diversion effect, and it would be a ¡§threat. This study is trying to explore how ECFA impact on steel industry in Taiwan through secondary data collection and analysis. Some foreseeable impacts are listed and some response measures are suggested. Any agreement has benefits and lost. ECFA is like a two-side blade. It might bring new trading opportunities or lead the trading diversion effect. Using Taiwanese competitive edge is the key to succeed. Taiwanese steel industry should take this chance to reconsider its¡¦ product value and positioning. Trying to differentiate its steel products to others, increase the value of the products and enhance the product quality. Taiwanese steel industry could create sustainability and profitability by increasing the competitively of steel industry.