This study examines the development of Freedmen's Bureau schools in Central Virginia at the end of the Civil War. Under the watchful eye of Ralza Manly, Superintendent of the Virginia Freedmen's Bureau education division, establishing schools for freed slaves faced innumerable challenges ranging from inadequate financial resources to hostile southern whites who opposed northern intervention into local affairs. Nevertheless, northern benevolent societies and hundreds of altruistic, yet paternalistic, educational missionaries converged on Richmond and Petersburg determined that education was essential if blacks were to achieve true freedom and become self-reliant and independent. While the Bureau devoted much of its energy towards establishing schools for the freedpeople, Manly and northern educators worked to expand educational opportunities for whites. This, together with the black schools, laid the foundation for creating free, albeit segregated, public schools for both races in Richmond and Petersburg, the first such enterprises in post-Civil War Virginia.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, August, 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.) History--University of Central Oklahoma, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-136).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2009. / Thesis directed by Jon T. Coleman for the Department of History. "June 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-300).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 514-536).

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-17T16:59:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Paula.pdf: 2430003 bytes, checksum: 781acec43a2f163ffa03dc13f7413904 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-24T11:31:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Paula.pdf: 2430003 bytes, checksum: 781acec43a2f163ffa03dc13f7413904 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T11:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Paula.pdf: 2430003 bytes, checksum: 781acec43a2f163ffa03dc13f7413904 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a vida dos libertos de Porto Alegre e Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, destacando e tentando entender aspectos importantes de seu cotidiano, como relações familiares, sociais e econômicas. Para isso, me vali do estudo de trajetórias individuais e do estudo quantitativo daquele grupo na segunda metade do século XVIII e início do século XIX. Interessou-me descobrir quem foram essas pessoas, de onde vieram, quantos anos tinham, se eram casados ou solteiros, se tinham filhos, o que faziam para viver, se tinham bens, se possuíam escravos, onde moravam, com quem moravam, quais estratégias utilizavam para ascender socialmente e onde, ao morrerem, eram enterrados. Entre os principais resultados está a constituição de um perfil demográfico desses libertos, a partir do qual constatei que a maioria era constituída por mulheres, embora a maioria dos escravos fosse constituída por homens. Além disso, por ser o Rio Grande do Sul um território de ocupação recente, verifiquei que a maioria dos libertos tinha origem africana, ao contrário de outras partes mais antigas do Brasil, onde os crioulos eram maioria. Apesar dos africanos da região Centro-Ocidental africana ser a maioria entre os libertos, proporcionalmente, eram os provenientes da África Ocidental que conquistavam mais alforrias. Além disso, constatei também que a maioria dos libertos se encontrava em idade fértil e produtiva. No que diz respeito às relações sociais, constatei que a maioria dos forros era casada e que tinham forte tendência à endogamia étnica; que poucas mulheres tiveram filhos e que aquelas que tiveram deram a luz a apenas uma criança, na sua maioria. Além disso, verifiquei que a maioria dos forros preferiu padrinhos brancos para batizar seus filhos, como uma estratégia de ascensão social. Em relação à situação econômica, constatei que a maioria desa população, apesar de desprovida de bens, conseguia manter-se economicamente; porém, em tempos de crise e de vulnerabilidade, muitos mudavam-se para casas de brancos e de outros forros, constituindo relações de agregamento que, em alguns casos, acabavam indo além de uma relação puramente econômica e se constituía relação de solidariedade e cooperação. Além disso, concluí também que, apesar de suas precárias condições de moradia, esses indivíduos de cor pareciam ocupar todos os cantos da freguesia de Porto Alegre, ou seja, o local de moradia não parecia refletir tão claramente suas condições sociais. No entanto, na hora da morte, a diferenciação era clara, cabendo àqueles com melhores condições econômicas os espaços privilegiados de enterro. Ao longo do trabalho utilizei fontes paroquiais, inventários post-mortem, testamentos e cartas de alforria. / Salvador

112f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-06-04T13:21:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - Larissa Almeida Freire.pdf: 656535 bytes, checksum: ec88706a3dd1f894248acb77087f00b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T18:06:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - Larissa Almeida Freire.pdf: 656535 bytes, checksum: ec88706a3dd1f894248acb77087f00b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T18:06:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - Larissa Almeida Freire.pdf: 656535 bytes, checksum: ec88706a3dd1f894248acb77087f00b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CNPq / Essa dissertação aborda o caso ocorrido na vila de Camamú, Comarca de Ilhéus, entre os anos de 1840 e 1842, no qual as Irmandades do Santíssimo Sacramento e de Nossa Senhora da Assunção empreenderam uma tentativa de embargo de benefício contra o vigário colado Celestino Euzébio da Assunção. As irmandades alegaram como motivo para essa ação o fato de ser o padre filho de escravos libertos. O ocorrido despertou questionamentos por parte dos envolvidos no processo acerca da cidadania conferida aos libertos e a autoridade da Igreja Católica no início do Segundo Império. This dissertation focuses on the case occurred in the village of Camamú, Ilhéus's county, between the years 1840 and 1842, in which the Brotherhood of the Blessed Sacrament and Our Lady of the Assumption undertook an attempt to benefit embargo against the vicar Celestino Euzébio da Assunção. The brotherhoods claimed as a reason for this action the fact that the priest was the son of freed slaves. The incident raised questions on the part of those involved in the process about citizenship grantet to the freedmen and the authority of the Catholic Church at the beginning of the Second Empire. / Salvador

As the Civil War closed and Reconstruction began, a small army of teachers arrived in Florida. Under the auspices of northern aid societies, churches, and educational associations, they proposed to educate the newly emancipated slaves, believing that education would prepare African Americans for citizenship. Teachers found Florida's freedmen determined to acquire literacy by whatever means they could, but they faced a white populace resistant to outsiders. Reformers, politicians, literate blacks, and Yankee businessmen intent on socially, politically, and economically transforming Florida joined educators in reconstructing Florida. Florida's educational system transformed during Reconstruction, and an examination of the reciprocity between Reconstruction-era teachers and Florida's freedmen provides a window into how Florida's learning community changed. Teachers exerted a profound influence on Florida's freedmen and on the development of Florida's educational system. But it was not simply a matter of outsiders transforming freedmen. While previous writers have emphasized the teachers' limitations, conservatism, or sacrifice, this study examines the complex interplay, and at times mutual dependence, between northern reformers and freedmen. Teachers partnered with Florida's black community, which was determined to seize education by whatever means available; they joined with the state's white community, struggling to come to terms with radical social changes; and they worked with Yankee strangers, who saw education of freedmen as an opportunity to transform the state politically. The reciprocal process of social change created a new politically charged educational system in Florida.

In Roman society, freed slaves were elevated to a citizen-like status, yet they never had the full rights of their free-born counterparts. Despite the inequality of the system, many freedmen appear to have found great success in the realm of business. This report endeavors to reveal why it was that this group prospered within the Roman economy using a pseudo-Darwinian perspective. Scholarship has, for the most part, tended to avoid Darwinian lines of thought in sociological studies but this report shows the power of this type of thinking. The first chapter clarifies the nature of slavery in the Roman world and the wide variety of experiences that slaves could have. Chapter two considers the different ways that slaves could be manumitted and how a freedman’s status could differ depending on the formality of his release from servitude. The third chapter examines the literary representations of freedmen in the genre of comedy and Petronius’ Satyricon. Chapter four turns to the archaeological evidence and provides a sense of how freedmen represented themselves to the wider community. Lastly, the fifth chapter, using a pseudo-Darwinian model, will show that the image of the successful freedman is not an anomaly of the archaeological record or a trope of Latin literature but an inevitable outcome of the intense selection that slaves underwent. / text

A dissertação analisa a trajetória social dos libertos de Mariana (MG) na segunda metade do século XVIII, período caracterizado pela reorganização da economia local, após o auge da mineração. Ao longo do século formou-se, naquela sociedade, um contingente significativo de egressos do cativeiro. O trabalho procura demonstrar, por meio do exame de diversos repertórios documentais (registros de óbitos, testamentos, inventários e ações cíveis), que o aspecto central daquelas trajetórias sociais foi a obtenção da liberdade. Ainda que a maior parte desses libertos contraísse dívidas e morresse na pobreza, a alforria representava o ponto de inflexão decisivo em suas vidas. / This work analyses the social trajectory of the freedmen in Mariana (MG) in the second half of the eighteenth century, a period characterized by the reorganization of the local economy, after the mining peak. Throughout the century, a significant contingent of people released from captivity was formed in that society. This work aims at demonstrating, through the exam of several documents, death records, testaments, inventories e civil actions, that the central aspect of such social trajectories was the conquest of freedom. Although most of the freedmen obtained debts and died in poverty, the manumission represented the turning point in their lives.