The objective of this thesis was to develop novel technologies for measuring the physical characteristics of high-speed pulse trains, for use in performance monitoring applications. This thesis describes the development of three separate techniques that perform measurements in either the time domain, frequency domain or the phase space of the optical signal. The first section investigates phase-sensitive pulse measurement techniques. A high- resolution SHG-FROG apparatus was custom-designed to measure 40GHz RZ pulse trains, from which an operational characterisation of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) was realised. A numerical model of a nonlinear pulse compressor was developed to compress 40GHz RZ pulses from 8.5ps down to 3.4ps. These pulses were time-division multiplexed to 80GHz, and phase-retrievals of the 80GHz pulse trains were measured. A comparison between the techniques of SHG-FROG and linear spectrogram has been undertaken for 10GHz pulse sources, exposing SHG-FROG's weaknesses at this particular repetition rate. The second section investigates a simple, time-averaged, nonlinear detection technique. Two-photon absorption in a GaAs/InGaAs quantum-well laser diode was used to measure the duty cycle (and by extension, the pulse duration) of a range of pulse sources. This technique was further developed to measure the extinction ratio of NRZ pulse trains. Additionally, the pulse duration of a mode-locked laser source was measured using the nonlinear absorption in a 1-m length of As2Se3 Chalcogenide glass fiber. This demonstrates that the nonlinear properties of this glass may well find application in future instrumentation. The third section investigates the development of an ultra-high resolution swept heterodyne spectrometer. This spectrometer was used to spectrally-distinguish repetitive 8-bit NRZ patterns at 2.5Gbit/s. It was also used to measure the chirp parameter of an X-cut LiNbO3 MZM, revealing a chirp parameter of απ/2 < 0.1 across a modulation band- width of 250-2500MHz. Additionally, the distinctive CW spectrum of a DFB laser diode was measured. Analysis of the measured CW spectrum yielded a linewidth enhancement factor of α≃ 1.8 and also the relative intensity noise of the DFB laser diode.

The objective of this thesis was to develop novel technologies for measuring the physical characteristics of high-speed pulse trains, for use in performance monitoring applications. This thesis describes the development of three separate techniques that perform measurements in either the time domain, frequency domain or the phase space of the optical signal. The first section investigates phase-sensitive pulse measurement techniques. A high- resolution SHG-FROG apparatus was custom-designed to measure 40GHz RZ pulse trains, from which an operational characterisation of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) was realised. A numerical model of a nonlinear pulse compressor was developed to compress 40GHz RZ pulses from 8.5ps down to 3.4ps. These pulses were time-division multiplexed to 80GHz, and phase-retrievals of the 80GHz pulse trains were measured. A comparison between the techniques of SHG-FROG and linear spectrogram has been undertaken for 10GHz pulse sources, exposing SHG-FROG's weaknesses at this particular repetition rate. The second section investigates a simple, time-averaged, nonlinear detection technique. Two-photon absorption in a GaAs/InGaAs quantum-well laser diode was used to measure the duty cycle (and by extension, the pulse duration) of a range of pulse sources. This technique was further developed to measure the extinction ratio of NRZ pulse trains. Additionally, the pulse duration of a mode-locked laser source was measured using the nonlinear absorption in a 1-m length of As2Se3 Chalcogenide glass fiber. This demonstrates that the nonlinear properties of this glass may well find application in future instrumentation. The third section investigates the development of an ultra-high resolution swept heterodyne spectrometer. This spectrometer was used to spectrally-distinguish repetitive 8-bit NRZ patterns at 2.5Gbit/s. It was also used to measure the chirp parameter of an X-cut LiNbO3 MZM, revealing a chirp parameter of απ/2 < 0.1 across a modulation band- width of 250-2500MHz. Additionally, the distinctive CW spectrum of a DFB laser diode was measured. Analysis of the measured CW spectrum yielded a linewidth enhancement factor of α≃ 1.8 and also the relative intensity noise of the DFB laser diode.

The objective of this thesis was to develop novel technologies for measuring the physical characteristics of high-speed pulse trains, for use in performance monitoring applications. This thesis describes the development of three separate techniques that perform measurements in either the time domain, frequency domain or the phase space of the optical signal. The first section investigates phase-sensitive pulse measurement techniques. A high- resolution SHG-FROG apparatus was custom-designed to measure 40GHz RZ pulse trains, from which an operational characterisation of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) was realised. A numerical model of a nonlinear pulse compressor was developed to compress 40GHz RZ pulses from 8.5ps down to 3.4ps. These pulses were time-division multiplexed to 80GHz, and phase-retrievals of the 80GHz pulse trains were measured. A comparison between the techniques of SHG-FROG and linear spectrogram has been undertaken for 10GHz pulse sources, exposing SHG-FROG's weaknesses at this particular repetition rate. The second section investigates a simple, time-averaged, nonlinear detection technique. Two-photon absorption in a GaAs/InGaAs quantum-well laser diode was used to measure the duty cycle (and by extension, the pulse duration) of a range of pulse sources. This technique was further developed to measure the extinction ratio of NRZ pulse trains. Additionally, the pulse duration of a mode-locked laser source was measured using the nonlinear absorption in a 1-m length of As2Se3 Chalcogenide glass fiber. This demonstrates that the nonlinear properties of this glass may well find application in future instrumentation. The third section investigates the development of an ultra-high resolution swept heterodyne spectrometer. This spectrometer was used to spectrally-distinguish repetitive 8-bit NRZ patterns at 2.5Gbit/s. It was also used to measure the chirp parameter of an X-cut LiNbO3 MZM, revealing a chirp parameter of απ/2 < 0.1 across a modulation band- width of 250-2500MHz. Additionally, the distinctive CW spectrum of a DFB laser diode was measured. Analysis of the measured CW spectrum yielded a linewidth enhancement factor of α≃ 1.8 and also the relative intensity noise of the DFB laser diode.

Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains vi, 65 p. including illustrations and maps. Bibliography: p. 61-65.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arauco_lrr_dr_jabo.pdf: 644500 bytes, checksum: e57a53b05c75c737674e5912bc1fb10e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Foi avaliado o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis (0,0; 0,2; 0,5; 1,0; e 1,5 %) misturado em ração comercial (45 % Proteína Bruta), em girinos de rã-touro. Foram utilizados 1400 girinos no estágio 26 da tabela de Gosner (1960), distribuídos em 20 tanques experimentais com 70 litros de água, na densidade de um girino por litro. O arraçoamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia. Para análise dos dados do ganho de peso, comprimento, sobrevivência, conversão alimentar, consumo de ração e metamorfose, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. No final do experimento, foi colhido sangue do vaso caudal, de cinco girinos de cada repetição. A contagem diferencial de leucócitos foi realizada em extensões coradas pelo método de Rosenfeld (1947), em microscopia de luz. Foram contadas 100 células por lâmina. Para avaliar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis na porcentagem de leucócitos, usou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. Para análise histológica no final do experimento foram sacrificados três girinos de cada repetição e retirada amostras do rim, fígado e intestino para lâminas histológicas. As amostras foram fixadas em formol, desidratadas em uma série de álcool, coradas com HE, analisadas e fotomicrografadas com fotomicroscópio Axiophot- Zeiss em microscópio óptico e medido com micrometro ocular a espessura do epitélio intestinal. Para análise estatística dos dados foi usado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. A sobrevivência, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e comprimento dos girinos, não foram influenciados pelo extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis. O ganho de peso foi influenciado significativamente (P < 0,05) observando-se... / The effect of the propolis hidroalcoolic extract was evaluated (0.0; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 %) mixed to the commercial ration (45 % CP) in bullfrog tadpoles. 1,400 tadpoles were used at stage 26 (Gosner ,1960), distributed in twenty experimental tanks with 70 liters of water, in the density of one tadpole per liter. The feding was four times a day. For analysis of the data of the weight gain, length, survival, feed conversion, ration consumption and metamorphosis were used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions. In the end of the experiment, it was picked the blood of the vase flow, of five tadpoles of each repetition. The differential counting of leuccytes was accomplished in red-faced extensions by the method of Rosenfeld (1947), in light microscopia. To evaluate the effect of the propolis hidroalcoolic extract in the percentage of leucocytes, were used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions. They were counted 100 cells for sheet. For histological analysis in the end of the experiment three tadpoles of each repetition were sacrificed and samples of the kidney, liver and intestine were removed for you laminate histological. The samples were fastened in formol, dehydrated in one serializes of alcohol, red-faced with HE analyzed and fotomicrographed with fotomicroscópio Axioskop-Zeiss in optical and measured microscope with ocular micrometer the espessor of the intestinal epithelium. For statistical analysis of the data were used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions. The survival, ration consumption, feed conversion and length of the tadpoles, were not influenced by the propolis hidroalcoolic extract. The weight gain was influenced significantly (P< 0,05) being observed a worse in the tadpoles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

abstract: Infectious diseases have emerged as a significant threat to wildlife. Environmental change is often implicated as an underlying factor driving this emergence. With this recent rise in disease emergence and the acceleration of environmental change, it is important to identify the environmental factors that alter host-pathogen dynamics and their underlying mechanisms. The emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a clear example of the negative effects infectious diseases can have on wildlife. Bd is linked to global declines in amphibian diversity and abundance. However, there is considerable variation in population-level responses to Bd, with some hosts experiencing marked declines while others persist. Environmental factors may play a role in this variation. This research used populations of pond-breeding chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) in Arizona to test if three rapidly changing environmental factors nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and temperature influence the presence, prevalence, and severity of Bd infections. I evaluated the reliability of a new technique for detecting Bd in water samples and combined this technique with animal sampling to monitor Bd in wild chorus frogs. Monitoring from 20 frog populations found high Bd presence and prevalence during breeding. A laboratory experiment found 85% adult mortality as a result of Bd infection; however, estimated chorus frog densities in wild populations increased significantly over two years of sampling despite high Bd prevalence. Presence, prevalence, and severity of Bd infections were not correlated with aqueous concentrations of N or P. There was, however, support for an annual temperature-induced reduction in Bd prevalence in newly metamorphosed larvae. A simple mathematical model suggests that this annual temperature-induced reduction of Bd infections in larvae in combination with rapid host maturation may help chorus frog populations persist despite high adult mortality. These results demonstrate that Bd can persist across a wide range of environmental conditions, providing little support for the influence of N and P on Bd dynamics, and show that water temperature may play an important role in altering Bd dynamics, enabling chorus frogs to persist with this pathogen. These findings demonstrate the importance of environmental context and host life history for the outcome of host-pathogen interactions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2012

Submitted by RAPHAELA REZENDE RIBEIRO null (rezende.ribeiro@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-26T18:53:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raphaela Rezende Ribeiro.pdf: 601777 bytes, checksum: d58277eb36cd019d14bd9e0213e88c98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-28T13:18:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_rr_dr_bot.pdf: 601777 bytes, checksum: d58277eb36cd019d14bd9e0213e88c98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T13:18:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_rr_dr_bot.pdf: 601777 bytes, checksum: d58277eb36cd019d14bd9e0213e88c98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The success of frog culture depends on the quality of tadpoles, resulting in large and healthy juveniles for rearing. The tadpoles production is the bottleneck of frog culture and its deficit results in a lack of production stability. One of the limiting factors in the frog breeding is the need to provide powder food in the water, as it has low stability and little time fluctuation, reducing its availability and quality due to the sinking and leaching. One way to improve the availability of powder food is increase feeding frequency. This study was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency and time on performance of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). The experiment was conducted in a factorial completely randomized design, 3x2, with three feeding frequency (12, 24 and 48 times / day) in two periods of supply, day and night, with 5 repetitions each. 30,000 tadpoles were distributed in 30 cages of 0.294 m³ in a pound. The powdered food containing 32% CP was provided through pre-programmed automatic feeders. There was interaction between the treatments; the tadpoles fed 48 meals a day at night gained more weight (4,35g) compared to other treatments. The production of tadpoles in cages with high frequency power and at night proved to be the best treatment at this stage of creation of the bullfrog . This management used decreased the time of metamorphosis of these animals. / Cap. 2: Este trabalho consistiu em avaliar o efeito da frequência e horário de alimentação sobre o desempenho de girinos de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus). O experimento teve duração de 75 dias. Foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em modelo fatorial 3x2, com 3 frequências alimentares (12, 24 e 48 refeições/dia) em dois períodos de fornecimento de ração, diurno e noturno, com 5 repetições cada. Foram utilizados 30.000 girinos com peso inicial de 0,10 ± 0,06 g, distribuídos em 30 hapas de 0,294 m³ em viveiro escavado. A ração em pó contendo 32% PB foi fornecida por meio de alimentadores automáticos pré-programados. Houve interação entre os tratamentos testados, os girinos que receberam 48 refeições diárias no período noturno ganharam mais peso (4,35g) em relação aos outros tratamentos. A produção de girinos em hapas com alta frequência de alimentação e no período noturno demonstrou ser o melhor tratamento nesta fase de criação da rã-touro. Este manejo utilizado diminuiu o tempo de metamorfose desses animais. Cap. 3: A automatização da alimentação é uma ferramenta importante para melhorar o manejo alimentar dos peixes, influenciando no consumo de ração, na conversão alimentar e no custo de produção, diminuindo o desperdício, a poluição e a competição por alimento. Este experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em modelo fatorial 3x2, utilizando três temperaturas da água de cultivo (22, 25 e 28ºC) e duas frequências de alimentação (alta, 24 refeições ou baixa, 4 refeições) com taxa de alimentação de 4% do peso vivo, com três repetições por tratamento. O experimento teve duração de 63 dias. Em cada aquário experimental, com volume de 300 litros foram alojados 29 alevinos de tilápia da linhagem GIFT revertidos com peso médio de 9,0 ± 1,6g. Os peixes foram alimentados com ração extrusada contendo 36% de PB. Os melhores resultados de peso total final foram encontrados nos tratamentos de 4 refeições/dia nas temperaturas de 25 e 28°C (1826,6 e 1913,4g, respectivamente) e no de 24 refeições/dia com 25°C (1839,8g). A menor frequência de alimentação é melhor quando maior a temperatura da água, pois o maior fracionamento do alimento pode causar brigas e disputas que podem aumentar significativamente a mortalidade. Na temperatura de 25°C, tanto o uso de alta frequência quanto o de baixa frequência de alimentação demonstraram-se eficientes no desempenho produtivo de tilápias GIFT, assim como a menor frequência de alimentação na temperatura de 28°C.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_dc_me_jabo.pdf: 1707894 bytes, checksum: 78b531609f101e5bffe3a90c478d894b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Foi avaliado o efeito de dois probióticos adicionados à ração comercial (40%PB), no desempenho produtivo e fisiológico de rã-touro Rana catesbeiana . O teste foi conduzido com duas doses de cada probiótico (5g/kg e 10g/kg de alimento) mais um grupo controle com três réplicas simultâneas, totalizando 5 tratamentos. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso (GP), a conversão alimentar (CA), as análises hematológicas, como contagem diferencial de leucócitos, número de eritrócitos, contagem total de leucócitos e de trombócitos, determinação da porcentagem de hematócrito, determinação da taxa de hemoglobina, os índices hematimétricos absolutos (VCM, HCM e CHCM) e análises imunológicas como capacidade fagocítica e índice fagocítico. Os resultados mostraram que os probióticos produziram efeito no ganho de peso de Rana catesbeiana até atingirem 200g e também na conversão alimentar, influenciando somente nos números absolutos dos basófilos nos parâmetros hematológicos dos animais. As análises imunológicas mostraram que os probióticos apresentaram efeito imunoestimulador. Palavras-chave: ranicultura, análises hematológicas, análises imunológicas. / It was evaluated the effect of two probiotics added in the commercial ration (40%CP), in the productive and physiological performance of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The test was lead with two doses of each probiotic (5g/Kg and 10g/Kg of food) plus a control group with three repetictions totalizing 5 treatments. Was evaluated the weight gain, feed conversion, hematological analyses as differential counting of leucocytes, counting of erytrocyte's number, total counting of leucocytes and trombocytes, determination of the hematocryts, and haemoglobin tax, absolute hematimetrycs indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) and imunological analyses as fagocytical capacity and fagocytic index. The results had shown that the probiotics produced effect in the weight gain of Rana catesbeiana until reaching 200g, and in the feed conversion, only influencing in the absolute numbers of the basophils in the hematological parameters of the animals. The imunological analyses had shown that the probiotics had presented imunostimulator effect.

Submitted by LORENA REGINA DA SILVA PERES null (lorennaperess@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-20T15:04:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao Lorena 2018.pdf: 1980749 bytes, checksum: 29dbf3d967a84ed78735e60563e66005 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-02-21T14:01:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_lrs_me_jabo.pdf: 1980749 bytes, checksum: 29dbf3d967a84ed78735e60563e66005 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T14:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_lrs_me_jabo.pdf: 1980749 bytes, checksum: 29dbf3d967a84ed78735e60563e66005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na maioria dos sistemas de criação de organismos aquáticos as descargas de efluentes ocorrem sem tratamento prévio nos mananciais naturais ou em tanques e/ou viveiros de fluxo contínuo de água, acarretando mudanças na biota aquática destes corpos receptores. Logo, estes sistemas são considerados um grande fator de impacto negativo para o meio ambiente, principalmente o setor de ranicultura do CAUNESP, que lança seus resíduos diariamente sem nenhum tratamento no efluente que deságua nos viveiros de piscicultura causando problemas de degradação da água, com aumento principalmente de nitrogênio e fósforo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições limnológicas, presença de coliformes termotolerantes e conhecer a comunidade fitoplanctônica em um “wetland” localizado no efluente do setor de ranicultura do CAUNESP/UNESP (Jaboticabal – SP) em três períodos distintos da criação de rãs, correspondendo o período I com 2.400 animais; o período II com 40.000 girinos e o período III contendo 3.750 animais em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. Esta avaliação foi embasada em informações ecológicas a respeito dos efeitos das plantas aquáticas como retentoras da carga orgânica e inorgânica proveniente do setor de ranicultura como também, do acúmulo de nutrientes no sedimento e ganho de biomassa da macrófita utilizada Eichhornia crassipes. Através dos resultados obtidos foi observado que as variáveis amônia, clorofila a, alcalinidade, condutividade, fósforo total, sólidos totais, demanda química do oxigênio, coliformes termotolerantes e oxigênio dissolvido estiveram associadas com o período I, a qual caracterizou o parâmetro de qualidade de água, com maior capacidade de eutrofização. As maiores taxas de eficiência de remoção ocorreram para os períodos I e II consequência do menor fluxo hidráulico e maior tempo de retenção. O sedimento e as plantas também foram eficientes como acumuladores de nutrientes e matéria orgância. Para o fitoplâncton elevada riqueza e diversidade de espécies fitoplanctônicas foram observadas no período II influenciadas pelo manejo empregado na ranicultura, menor fluxo hidráulico e biomassa de E crassipes. O maior fluxo hidráulico do período III afetou drasticamente a comunidade fitoplanctônica, com dimuição na densidade, diversidade e riqueza de espécies. O manejo empregado na ranicultura, o fluxo hidráulico e a presença da macrófica aquática E. crassipes interferiram de forma significativa na dinâmica da comunidade fitoplanctônica. Portanto a contribuição desta pesquisa ressalta a importância sobre estudos que visem a aplicacabilidade de tecnologias que envolvam o uso de tratamento natural e de baixo custo (“wetland”) em uma região de clima subtropical, como também a empregabilidade de um manejo adequado minimizando os impactos negativos provocados pelas descargas de matéria orgânica e inorgânica provenientes do setor de ranicultura. / Effluent discharge in most water organism breeding systems lacks previous treatment, with its subsequent release into natural water sources or tanks/ponds with continuous water flow and changes in the aquatic biota of the receiving water bodies. The systems are a relevant negative impact factor for the environment. This is especially true for the frog culture section of CAUNESP. The latter daily dischargesthe effluent´s untreated residues, released into the fish ponds, causing water degradation and increase in nitrogen and phosphorus rates. Current analysis evaluates the limnological conditions and the existence of thermo-tolerant coliforms, know the phytoplankton community in a wetland in the effluent of the frog culture sector of CAUNESP/UNESP, Jaboticabal SP Brazil, and samplings were undertaken in three different periods in frog breeding, corresponding to Period I with 2,400 animals; Period II with 40,000 tadpoles and Period III with 3,750 animals at different development phases. Assessment was fore grounded on ecological data on the effects of water plants as retainers of organic and inorganic load derived from the frog culture sector and from the nutrient stock on the sediment and in macrophytes. Research was also based on the growth and gain of the biomass of macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes. Results revealed that the variables ammonia, chlorophyll-a, alkalinity, conductivity, total phosphorus, total soluble and dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, thermo-tolerant coliforms and dissolved oxygen were associated with the period I which characterized water quality as highly capable of eutrophication. Highest removal efficiency rates occurred during the periods I and II as a consequence of low hydraulic flow and high retention time. Sediments and plants were also efficient as accumulators of nutrients and organic matter. High richness and diversity of phytoplankton species were reported in Period II influenced by the frog culture management, low water flow and biomass of E crassipes. Greater water flow in Period III affected drastically the phytoplankton community, with decrease in density, diversity and species richness. Management of frog culture, the hydraulic flow and the presence of water macrophytes E. crassipes significantly affected the dynamics of the phytoplankton community. Current research underscored the importance of studies on the applicability of technologies that involve natural, low-cost treatment and adequate management, with decrease in negative impacts caused by discharges of organic and inorganic matter derived from the frog culture section.

Resumo: Estudar o sangue significa monitorar a saúde dos animais reduzindo, desta forma, as perdas por doenças ou injúrias, seja frente a um determinado tipo de estressor, por sistemas de criação não apropriados, por manejos inadequados ou ainda por alterações ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta fisiológica de girinos de rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana) em diferentes densidades e após exposição aérea. O experimento foi realizado em duas etapas utilizando-se de animais entre os estágios 31 a 39, na fase de pró-metamorfose; na primeira etapa, realizada no CAUNESP - UNESP/SP, avaliou-se somente a exposição aérea nos tempos de 0, 15, 30,45,60 e 90 minutos. Na segunda etapa, realizada no Instituto de Pesca - APTA/ SP foi avaliada a densidade de estocagem sendo testados 1 girino/L (Tratamento I), 5 girinos/L (Tratamento 2) e 10 girinos/L (Tratamento 3), conduzidos em 3 réplicas simultâneas, e a exposição aérea nos dias 0,14(6 horas), 4, 8 e 12 dias. O sangue foi retirado por rompimento do vaso caudal na condição de Normóxia - N (tempo zero) e Hipóxia - H (tempo de 15 minutos de exposição ao ar). Avaliou¬se, na primeira etapa, somente o cortisol plasmático e na segunda etapa, cortisol plasmático, glicemia, hematócrito, hemoglobina, número de eritrócitos, os índices hematimétricos absolutos ¬VCM, HCM e CHCM, contagem diferencial de leucócitos e contagem total de leucócitos e trombócitos. Foi observado um aumento nos valores de cortisol, aos 4 e 8 dias de exposição aérea retomando aos valores basais ao final do experimento, apesar de não haver diferenças significativas. A glicemia foi influenciada no tratamento com 10 girinos/L mostrando forte correlação com a hipóxia. Os parâmetros hematológicos, principalmente, o número de linfócitos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos mostraram diferença significativa aos 12 dias de experimentação ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Studying blood means monitoring animals health reducing, losses by disease or injury caused by certain kinds of stress related to improper rearing systems, handling or alterations in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate bullfrog's tadpole physiological answer (Rana catesbeiana) to different densities and air exposition. The experiment was carried out in two parts using animals, at the pro-metamorphosis phase, on the first part carried out at CAUNESP - Aquaculture Center, São Paulo State University was evaluated only air exposition, which animals were sampled on zero, fifteen, thirty, forty five, sixty and ninety minutes and on second part, carried out at Fisheries Institute - APTA/SP was evaluated different densities and air exposition, which stocking densities was 1 tadpole/L (treatment one), 5 tadpoles/L (treatment two) and 10 tadpoleslL (treatment three) with three simultaneous replicates and animals were sampled on zero, 114 (six hours), four, eight and twelve experimental days. Blood was collected by breaking tail blood vessel at norrnoxic (zero time) and hipoxic (fifteen minutes by air exposition) conditions. Only cortisol was evaluate on the first part and on second, cortisol, glicemy, hematocryts, haemoglobin tax, couting of erytrocyte's number, absolute hematimetrycs indices -MCV, MCH and MCHC, differenctial couting of leucocytes, total counting of leucocytes and trombocytes were evaluated. An increase in plasmatic cortisol was observed at four and eight days of the experiment, retuming to initial values after 12 days. Glicemy values increased at treatrnent. three, showing strong correlation with hypoxia. Hematological parameters as linphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils numbers at the 12th day of the experiment showed differences comparing to zero day; concluding that stocking densities until 10 tadpoles/L and air exposition ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientadora: Maria José Tavares Ranzani de Paiva / Coorientadora: Claudia Maria Ferreira / Banca: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati / Banca: Maria Isabel Mataqueiro / Mestre