New analytical and technological tools have the potential to yield unprecedented insights into the life histories of migratory species. I used Bayesian population models and Global Positioning System-acceleration tracking devices to understand the demographic mechanism and likely drivers underpinning the Greenland White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) population decline. I used a 27-year capture-mark-recapture dataset from the main wintering site for these birds (Wexford, Ireland) to construct multistate models that estimated age- and sex-specific survival and movement probabilities and found no sex-bias in emigration or ‘remigration’ rates (chapter 2). These formed the foundation for an integrated population model, which included population size and productivity data to assess source-sink dynamics through estimation of age-, site-, and year-specific survival and movement probabilities, the results of which suggest that Wexford is a large sink and that a reduction in productivity (measured as recruitment rate) is the proximate demographic mechanism behind the population decline (chapter 3). Low productivity may be due to environmental conditions on breeding areas in west Greenland, whereby birds bred at youngest ages when conditions were favourable during adulthood and the breeding year (chapter 4), and possibly mediated by links with the social system, as birds remained with parents into adulthood, forfeiting immediate reproductive success, although a cost-benefit model showed the ‘leave’ strategy was marginally favoured over the ‘stay’ strategy at all ages (chapter 5). Foraging during spring does not appear to limit breeding, as breeding and non-breeding birds did not differ in their proportion of time feeding or energy expenditure (chapter 6). Two successful breeding birds were the only tagged individuals (of 15) to even attempt to nest, suggesting low breeding propensity has contributed to low productivity. Although birds wintering in Ireland migrated further to breeding areas than those wintering in Scotland, there were no differences in feeding between groups during spring migration (chapter 7). These findings suggest that Greenland White-fronted Geese are not limited until arrival on breeding areas and the increasingly poor environmental conditions there (chapter 8). More broadly, these findings demonstrate the application of novel tools to diagnose the cause of population decline.

A microbiota do trato gastrointestinal dos psitacídeos é composta por bactérias Gram-positivas, entre elas as bactérias ácido láticas. Porém, há poucos estudos na literatura descrevendo a microbiota do trato gastrointestinal dessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar fenotipicamente e genotipicamente, por três diferentes métodos, as bactérias ácido láticas isoladas da microbiota fecal de papagaios verdadeiros. Um total de 80 amostras bacterianas foram estudadas, sendo que 31 amostras eram provenientes da microbiota fecal de papagaios-verdadeiros de vida livre e 49 amostras eram de papagaios-verdadeiros de cativeiro. Foram realizadas provas bioquímicas convencionais, automatizadas (Vitek 2) e o sequenciamento completo do gene 16S rRNA e realizada a análise comparativa dos resultados. Das 80 amostras analisadas, em 40 (50%) destas foram identificadas as espécies, pois apresentaram concordância de identificação em pelo menos dois métodos, e as demais 40 amostras (50%) não apresentaram concordância entre os testes, não sendo possível definir a espécie. As espécies identificadas foram: Enterococcus avium (02 amostras), Enterococcus faecium (03 amostras), Enterococcus faecalis (15 amostras), Enterococcus hirae (15 amostras), Lactococcus lactis (02 amostras) e Staphylococcus warneri (02 amostras). Dentre as amostras identificadas, sete (07) amostras apresentaram concordância no resultado nas três técnicas analisadas, trinta e uma (31) amostras apresentaram concordância pelo bioquímico automatizado e pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, e apenas duas (02) amostras apresentaram concordância pelo bioquímico convencional e pelo sequenciamento de DNA. A similaridade de utilização de substratos pelas cepas foi definida em treze (13) amostras, nas demais amostras estudadas houve uma diferença no consumo de substratos nas provas bioquímicas. O perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos evidenciou resistência em onze (11) amostras, quatro (04) a benzilpenicilina, quatro (04) a eritromicina, duas (02) a gentamicina e uma (01) a estreptomicina. A análise filogenética baseada no coeficiente de Neighbor-Join para comparar a similaridade entre as sequencias geradas pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, mostrou uma tendência de agrupamento bacteriano de acordo com o local de onde as aves eram provenientes. Verificou-se que a identificação através do teste bioquímico convencional apresentou resultados inconsistentes quando comparados com o teste bioquímico automatizado e com o sequenciamento de DNA. Por sua vez, a técnica do sequenciamento genético demonstrou uma elevada confiabilidade nos resultados obtidos; sugerindo-se a utilização deste como teste de eleição e também como teste complementar as provas bioquímicas, para assim diminuir a probabilidade de erro de identificação bacteriana de bactérias ácido láticas em papagaios. / Gastrointestinal microbiota of pscittacines main consists largely of Gram-positive bacteria, including acid-latic bacteria. However, the literature presents very few reports on profiling the gastrointestinal microbiota of these birds. The aim of this study was to identify and to characterize phenotypicly and genotypicly acid-latic bacteria isolated from fecal microbiota of Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots. For such, three different methods were used on eighty bacterial strains. Thirty-one fecal samples were collected from free-living Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots, while fourty-nine were from captive birds. Traditional biochemical tests, automated biochemical test (Vitek 2) and complete gene sequencing of 16S rRNA were performed. Results of these three methods were compared. Forty samples (50%) had agreement between at least two of the three methods, and bacterial species identification was confirmed, while strains from the remaining 40 samples were not identified, once agreement between atleast two methods was not found. The species identified were: Enterococcus avium (02 samples), Enterococcus faecium (03 samples), Enterococcus faecalis (15 samples), Enterococcus hirae (15 samples), Lactococcus lactis (02 samples) and Staphylococcus warneri (02 samples). Agreement between the three methods was observed in seven samples. Thirty-one samples presented agreement between automated biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Only two samples presented agreement between tradional biochemical tests and gene sequencing. Similarities of substract consumed by strains in both traditional and automated biochemical tests were observed in thirteen samples, while the other samples presented some difference in substracts utilization. Antimicrobial resistance profile showed that eleven samples were resistant to some antibiotic. Four were resistant to benzilpenicilin, four to erythromycin, two to gentamicin and one to estreptomycin. The phylogenetic test based on Neighbor-Join coefficient, which compares the similarity between 16S rRNA sequences, showed a trend for grouping of strains according to the geographical origin of each bird. However, species identification using traditional biochemical tests showed to be inconsistent when compared to automated biochemical tests and gene sequencing results. On the other hand, genetic sequencing technique results showed to be highly reliable. Thus, this method should be used both as gold standard and as complementary to the biochemical tests for acid-latic bacteria identification in Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots gastrointestinal microbiota.

A microbiota do trato gastrointestinal dos psitacídeos é composta por bactérias Gram-positivas, entre elas as bactérias ácido láticas. Porém, há poucos estudos na literatura descrevendo a microbiota do trato gastrointestinal dessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar fenotipicamente e genotipicamente, por três diferentes métodos, as bactérias ácido láticas isoladas da microbiota fecal de papagaios verdadeiros. Um total de 80 amostras bacterianas foram estudadas, sendo que 31 amostras eram provenientes da microbiota fecal de papagaios-verdadeiros de vida livre e 49 amostras eram de papagaios-verdadeiros de cativeiro. Foram realizadas provas bioquímicas convencionais, automatizadas (Vitek 2) e o sequenciamento completo do gene 16S rRNA e realizada a análise comparativa dos resultados. Das 80 amostras analisadas, em 40 (50%) destas foram identificadas as espécies, pois apresentaram concordância de identificação em pelo menos dois métodos, e as demais 40 amostras (50%) não apresentaram concordância entre os testes, não sendo possível definir a espécie. As espécies identificadas foram: Enterococcus avium (02 amostras), Enterococcus faecium (03 amostras), Enterococcus faecalis (15 amostras), Enterococcus hirae (15 amostras), Lactococcus lactis (02 amostras) e Staphylococcus warneri (02 amostras). Dentre as amostras identificadas, sete (07) amostras apresentaram concordância no resultado nas três técnicas analisadas, trinta e uma (31) amostras apresentaram concordância pelo bioquímico automatizado e pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, e apenas duas (02) amostras apresentaram concordância pelo bioquímico convencional e pelo sequenciamento de DNA. A similaridade de utilização de substratos pelas cepas foi definida em treze (13) amostras, nas demais amostras estudadas houve uma diferença no consumo de substratos nas provas bioquímicas. O perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos evidenciou resistência em onze (11) amostras, quatro (04) a benzilpenicilina, quatro (04) a eritromicina, duas (02) a gentamicina e uma (01) a estreptomicina. A análise filogenética baseada no coeficiente de Neighbor-Join para comparar a similaridade entre as sequencias geradas pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, mostrou uma tendência de agrupamento bacteriano de acordo com o local de onde as aves eram provenientes. Verificou-se que a identificação através do teste bioquímico convencional apresentou resultados inconsistentes quando comparados com o teste bioquímico automatizado e com o sequenciamento de DNA. Por sua vez, a técnica do sequenciamento genético demonstrou uma elevada confiabilidade nos resultados obtidos; sugerindo-se a utilização deste como teste de eleição e também como teste complementar as provas bioquímicas, para assim diminuir a probabilidade de erro de identificação bacteriana de bactérias ácido láticas em papagaios. / Gastrointestinal microbiota of pscittacines main consists largely of Gram-positive bacteria, including acid-latic bacteria. However, the literature presents very few reports on profiling the gastrointestinal microbiota of these birds. The aim of this study was to identify and to characterize phenotypicly and genotypicly acid-latic bacteria isolated from fecal microbiota of Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots. For such, three different methods were used on eighty bacterial strains. Thirty-one fecal samples were collected from free-living Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots, while fourty-nine were from captive birds. Traditional biochemical tests, automated biochemical test (Vitek 2) and complete gene sequencing of 16S rRNA were performed. Results of these three methods were compared. Forty samples (50%) had agreement between at least two of the three methods, and bacterial species identification was confirmed, while strains from the remaining 40 samples were not identified, once agreement between atleast two methods was not found. The species identified were: Enterococcus avium (02 samples), Enterococcus faecium (03 samples), Enterococcus faecalis (15 samples), Enterococcus hirae (15 samples), Lactococcus lactis (02 samples) and Staphylococcus warneri (02 samples). Agreement between the three methods was observed in seven samples. Thirty-one samples presented agreement between automated biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Only two samples presented agreement between tradional biochemical tests and gene sequencing. Similarities of substract consumed by strains in both traditional and automated biochemical tests were observed in thirteen samples, while the other samples presented some difference in substracts utilization. Antimicrobial resistance profile showed that eleven samples were resistant to some antibiotic. Four were resistant to benzilpenicilin, four to erythromycin, two to gentamicin and one to estreptomycin. The phylogenetic test based on Neighbor-Join coefficient, which compares the similarity between 16S rRNA sequences, showed a trend for grouping of strains according to the geographical origin of each bird. However, species identification using traditional biochemical tests showed to be inconsistent when compared to automated biochemical tests and gene sequencing results. On the other hand, genetic sequencing technique results showed to be highly reliable. Thus, this method should be used both as gold standard and as complementary to the biochemical tests for acid-latic bacteria identification in Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots gastrointestinal microbiota.

No description available.

Thesis on "Planetarium with coffee" is processed in the form of project documentation for construction. The proposed facility is designed as a two-storeyed without basement with the main ground plan dimensions of 52,8 x 27,47 m and is located near the village Lošov close to Olomouc. The building is operationally divided into a part intended for public entrance and a part for operation and maintenance. Loadbearing structural system is reinforced concrete monolithic skeleton based on monolithic reinforced concrete foundation footings. Ceiling structure consists of reinforced concrete, monolithic, locally supported, cross reinforced floor slab. Vertical external walls are made of ceramic blocks with contact thermal insulation system. Part of the front rounded facade is designed as glass fronted. The building is covered by a warm flat roof. Roof cladding consists of vegetation layers, walkable terrace or non-walkable structure of roof cladding. The planetarium itself is covered by a reinforced concrete dome with a thermal insulation layer of plates of foamed glass. Fillings of doors and windows are made of aluminum profiles with isolating triple glazing. The building meets the requirements for barrier-free use of buildings.