Submitted by Guilherme Caruso Rodrigues (gcarusorodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-04T14:15:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 UNESP - Guilherme Final.pdf: 15067268 bytes, checksum: 9a80eb72bda265fcc1f20e59a7bd8cf9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-07-04T16:27:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_gc_dr_rcla.pdf: 15067292 bytes, checksum: cd22579842c00e13e63bf6f7034ca3fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-04T16:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_gc_dr_rcla.pdf: 15067292 bytes, checksum: cd22579842c00e13e63bf6f7034ca3fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Resumo O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar os processos geo-históricos que estavam e estão envolvidos no pensamento de Pierre Monbeig, sobretudo no que tange a questão das chamadas Frentes Pioneiras. Considerando o fato da consolidação da Geografia no Brasil com um caráter acadêmico-científico. Por isso, passava o Brasil por um processo de modernização intensificando suas relações com a chamada economia-mundo, ou seja, com intensificação no país de uma economia já internacionalizada. Assim sendo, a incorporação de espaço natural obedecia ao ritmo do progresso e da modernização. Era preciso superar um país atrasado, a franja pioneira marca os primeiros passos desta superação. Ressalta-se que, muito do pensamento de Monbeig chegava com as características da chamada Escola dos Annales, da França, tentando refazer uma nova forma de interpretação histórica, mas considerando a Geografia Humana crucial para isto, já que conseguia, a Geografia, envolver o tempo “longo” do ambiente natural, como o tempo “rápido” da indústria. Entendendo, assim, que Monbeig tem uma narrativa focada num processo de formação territorial atrelado ao movimento da modernização. Assim, procurou-se trazer para discussão a ocupação das Frentes Pioneiras concebendo-as como um conjunto de práticas espaciais, movidas pela internacionalização da economia capitalista, que almejava novos espaços para acumulação, dessa maneira, resultado de um movimento de objetivação prática sócio-espacial, caracterizadas pela derrubada de matas, implantações de ferrovias, espoliação exacerbada da renda da terra, transformando-se num espaço de representação, já que essas áreas se subordinavam ao grande capital internacional. Dentro desse contexto, propõe-se como discussão a relação dessas áreas consideradas pioneiras com sua colonização e acumulação dentre de um forte arcabouço ideológico. / The present research project proposes to analyze the geo-historical processes that were and are involved in the thinking of Pierre Monbeig, especially in what concerns the question of the so-called Fronts Pioneers. Considering the fact of the consolidation of Geography in Brazil with an academic-scientific character. For this reason, Brazil underwent a process of modernization intensifying its relations with the so-called world-economy, that is, with intensification in the country of an already internationalized economy. Thus, the incorporation of natural space obeyed the pace of progress and modernization. It was necessary to overcome a backward country, the pioneering fringe marks the first steps of this overcoming. It is noteworthy that much of Monbeig's thought came with the characteristics of the so-called School of the Annales of France, attempting to remake a new form of historical interpretation, but considering the Human Geography crucial for this, since it time "of the natural environment, such as the" fast "time of the industry. Understanding, therefore, that Monbeig has a narrative focused on a process of territorial formation linked to the modernization movement. Thus, we sought to bring into discussion the occupation of the Pioneer Fronts by designing them as a set of spatial practices, driven by the internationalization of the capitalist economy, which sought new spaces for accumulation, in this way, the result of a movement of socio-spatial practical objectification , characterized by the overthrow of forests, railroad deployments, exacerbation of the income of the land, becoming a space of representation, since these areas were subordinated to the great international capital. Within this context, it is proposed as a discussion the relation of these areas considered pioneers with their colonization and accumulation within a strong ideological framework.

Pas de résumé / CMOS image sensor based on Active pixel sensor has considerably contributed to the imaging market and research interest in the past decade. Furthermore technology advancement has provided the capability to integrate more and more functionality into a single chip in multiple layers leading to a new paradigm, 3D integration. CMOS image sensor is one such application which could utilize the capability of 3D stacked architecture to achieve dedicated technologies in different layers, wire length reduction, less area, improved performancesThis research work is focused mainly on the early stages of design space exploration using hierarchical approach and aims at reducing time to market. This work investigates the imager from the top-down design perspective. Methodical anal y sis of imager is performed to achieve high level of flexibility and modularity. Re-useable models are developed to explore early design choices throughout the hierarchy. Finally, pareto front (providing trade off solutions) methodology is applied to explore the operating range of individual block at system level to help the designer making his design choice. Furthermore the thermal issues which get aggravated in the 3D stacked chip on the performance of the imager are studied. Systeme based thermal model is built to investigate the behavior of imager pixel matrix and to simulate the pixel matrix at high speed with acceptable accuracy compared to electrical simulations. The modular nature of the model makes simulations with future matrix extension straightforward. Validation of the thermal model with respect to electrical simulations is discussed. Finally an integrated design flow is developed to perform 3D floorplanning and to perform thermal anal y sis of the imager pixel matrix.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude de deux exemples de propagation pour des équations de réaction-diffusion hétérogènes.Le but de la première partie est de déterminer quels sont les effets d'échanges non locaux entre une ligne de diffusion rapide et un environnement bidimensionnel dans lequel a lieu un phénomène de réaction-diffusion de type KPP usuel. Dans le premier chapitre nous étudions comment ce couplage non local entre la ligne et le plan accélère la propagation dans la direction de la ligne ; on détermine aussi comment différentes fonctions d'échanges maximisent ou non la vitesse d'invasion. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la limite singulière de termes d'échanges qui convergent vers des masses de Dirac. On montre alors que la dynamique converge avec une certaine uniformité. Dans le troisième chapitre nous étudions la limite d'échanges étalés à l'infini. Ils permettent de donner un infimum sur la vitesse de propagation pour ce type de modèle qui peut cependant être supérieure à la vitesse KPP usuelle.La seconde partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de solutions entières (ou éternelles) pour des équations bistables hétérogènes. On considère un domaine bidimensionnel infini dans une direction, borné dans l'autre, qui converge vers un cylindre quand x tend vers moins l'infini. On montre alors l'existence d'une solution entière dans un tel domaine qui est égal à l'onde bistable en t tend vers moins l'infini. Cela nous conduit à étudier un modèle unidimensionnel avec un terme de réaction hétérogène, pour lequel on obtient le même résultat. / The aim of this thesis is to study two examples of propagation phenomena in heterogeneous reaction-diffusion equations.The purpose of the first part is to understand the effect of nonlocal exchanges between a line of fast diffusion and a two dimensional environment in which reaction-diffusion of KPP type occurs. The initial model was introduced in 2013 by Berestycki, Roquejoffre, and Rossi. In the first chapter we investigate how the nonlocal coupling between the line and the plane enhances the spreading in the direction of the line; we also investigate how different exchange functions may maximize or not the spreading speed.The second chapter is concerned with the singular limit of nonlocal exchanges that tend to Dirac masses. We show the convergence of the dynamics in a rather strong sense. In the third chapter we study the limit of long range exchanges with constant mass. It gives an infimum for the asymptotic speed of spreading for these models that still could be bigger than the usual KPP spreading speed.The second part of this thesis is concerned with entire solutions for heterogeneous bistable equations.We consider a two dimensional domain infinite in one direction, bounded in the other, that converges to a cylinder as x goes to minus infinity. We prove the existence of an entire solution in such a domain which is the bistable wave for t tends to minus infinity. It also lead us to investigate a one dimensional model with a non-homogeneous reaction term,for which we prove the same property.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2926.pdf: 2432368 bytes, checksum: 3fc0c86ccbb9d415f2701db15a5c7877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-08 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / In Brazil there is a numerical predominance of river systems, which favors the construction of reservoirs. These reservoirs have great ecological, economic and social significance, so, the management, conservation and recovery of these systems are of fundamental importance with repercussions on the economy, social work and the uses of aquatic systems. Climatological phenomena, such as the passage of cold fronts, are important factors that influence the water quality of reservoirs. Given this, this work aimed to study the influence of cold fronts in the mechanisms of function of the hydroelectric reservoir of Carlos Botelho (Lobo/Broa), the change in the phytoplankton community, in the destratification of the water column and the change in chemical and physical composition of the reservoir, thus contributing to the understanding of the phenomenon of global circulation of aquatic systems, especially in shallow reservoirs. Two samples were collected for this work, one in the dry season and another in the wet season. The environmental variables were collected in the water column, resulting in the vertical profile of the reservoir. The results show that before the passage of the cold front, during periods of low wind speed, we could see the stratification formed in the water column. During the passage of the cold front, the stress of wind increase and the solar radiation decrease and temperature decreases, promoting vertical mixing of water, resulting in the destratified water column and thus providing homogeneity of physical and chemical variables and the resuspension of nutrients and diatoms that were dormant in the sediment and their rapid multiplication in the water column. / No Brasil ocorre a predominância numérica de sistemas fluviais, o que favorece a construção de represas. Estas represas possuem grande significado ecológico, econômico e social, portanto, o gerenciamento, a conservação e a recuperação desses sistemas são de importância fundamental com reflexos na economia, na área social e nos usos dos sistemas aquáticos. Fenômenos climatológicos, como a passagem de frentes frias, são fatores importantes que influenciam na qualidade da água dos reservatórios. Diante disto, neste trabalho objetivou-se estudar a influência das frentes frias nos mecanismos de funcionamento da represa da UHE Carlos Botelho (Lobo/Broa), na alteração da comunidade fitoplanctônica, na desestratificação da coluna de água e na alteração da composição química e física do reservatório, contribuindo assim, para a compreensão dos fenômenos de circulação global dos sistemas aquáticos, principalmente de represas rasas. Duas coletas foram realizadas para este trabalho, uma na estação seca e outra na chuvosa. A escolha do período da coleta baseou-se em dados climatológicos, hidrológicos e análises das repartições climáticas. As variáveis ambientais foram coletadas na coluna da água, obtendo-se o perfil vertical da represa. Os resultados demonstram que antes da passagem da frente fria, durante períodos de baixa velocidade de vento, pôde-se perceber a estratificação formada na coluna de água. Já durante a passagem da frente fria, o estresse do vento aumenta e a radiação solar e a temperatura ambiente diminuem, promovendo uma mistura vertical da água, resultando na desestratificação da coluna da água e, consequentemente, na homogeneização das variáveis físicas e químicas e a ressuspensão dos nutrientes e das diatomáceas que estavam dormentes no sedimento e sua rápida multiplicação na coluna de água.

Synthetic aperture radar imaging is an effective tool for imaging the sea surface because of its response to changes in sea surface roughness. This allows for the remote sensing of features on the sea surface, which modulate se surface roughness. In this work, 18 synthetic aperture radar images were collected from the TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 satellites in the Port Everglades, Florida area. In-situ measurements were collected in conjunction with the satellite images in order to provide more information on the features visible in the imagery, and aid in identification of the origin of the features. Information on ships in the area of the satellite image footprints was collected using an automatic information system. Weather conditions were recorded by a meteorological station and a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather radar station. Waves and currents in the observational area were recorded with acoustic Doppler current profilers and wave gauges. Sonar systems and conductivity, depth, and salinity profilers were used to identify stratification in the water column. Surfactant release experiments were also conducted to explore the affects of surface active materials. Results of the experiment show the manifestation of atmospheric effects, oceanic fronts and eddies, wind shadowing, natural and artificial slicks, and ships and ship wakes on the synthetic aperture radar imagery. Atmospheric conditions were found to play a significant role in the visibility of features on the sea surface, and sometimes masked the appearance of features on the ocean surface. Overall the most reliable feature capable of being imaged on the sea surface by the synthetic aperture radar satellites was the signatures of ships and their wakes.

O objetivo dessa tese é analisar a política de açudagem pública empreendida pelo Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (Dnocs), a partir da reestruturação fundiária derivada dessa política e da utilização da população mais afetada pelas secas como de mão de obra nas construções de açudes. As ações de combate às secas foram acessadas através das publicações oficiais e da ação do Dnocs em Coremas. A partir do marco de 1877, as secas tornaram-se um problema nacional, mobilizando esforços e recursos para a mitigação de seus efeitos deletérios, como a alta mortalidade da população afetada e, sobretudo, as famosas retiradas que punham em marcha um exército de famintos a procura dos centros menos atingidos. A formulação de uma política contra as secas se deu em um momento de grande discussão tanto sobre o caráter nacional e a criação do Estado Nação, como sobre a constituição do Nordeste enquanto região específica. Na década de 1930, a Inspetoria Federal de Obras Contra as Secas (Ifocs), órgão que havia sido criado em 1909, foi reformulada pelo então Ministro da Viação e Obras Públicas, o paraibano José Américo de Almeida, dando início a um período de grande prestígio em termos de recursos e realizações. Entre as políticas de combate aos efeitos das secas, ganhou destaque a chamada solução hidráulica que consistia em construir grandes reservatórios públicos para acumular água, que seria utilizada nos períodos de estiagem e também em projetos de irrigação. Para José Américo de Almeida, os grandes reservatórios públicos cumpririam a dupla função de armazenar água e fornecer trabalho à população afetada, impedindo sua dizimação e fixando-a em sua região. Entre os açudes iniciados nessa época, está o Sistema Coremas-Mãe D\'água, localizado no Vale do Piancó, no alto sertão paraibano. Classificada inicialmente como uma espécie de vazio demográfico, a área desapropriada para a instalação dos açudes era povoada por pequenos sítios cuja produção dependia principalmente da mão de obra de trabalhadores-moradores. Deslocados sem qualquer compensação por parte do Estado, muitos desses moradores tornaram-se operários nas obras do Dnocs ou rendeiros do órgão. Embora justificadas pela promessa de melhoria da vida da população do sertão, muitas das obras de combate às secas terminaram por expropriar camponeses e pequenos proprietários, tornando mais precárias as condições de trabalho a que estavam submetidos, como foi o caso em Coremas. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze the dam building policy carried out by the National Anti Drought Department (Dnocs), from the point of view of its impacts on the distribution of land and the use of the impoverished population to build this dams. The anti drought policies were accessed by official publications and trough the actions of the Department in the city of Coremas. From the benchmark of 1877, droughts became a national problem, mobilizing efforts and resources to mitigate its effects, such as the high mortality rate and, most of all, the famous withdraws that put on march a famine army in the search of less affected centers. The formulation of an anti drought policy took place during a period of great discussion not only about the national character and the building of the National State, but also about the constitution of the Northeast as a specific region. In the 1930\'s, the Federal Anti Drought Institute (Ifocs), created in 1909, was reformulated by the then Minister of Transport and Public Works, José Américo de Almeida from the state of Paraíba, giving birth to a prestigious period in terms of resources and realizations. Among the anti drought policies, there was an emphasis in the so called hydraulic solution, that consisted of building big public reservoirs to store water to be used in drought periods and irrigation projects. According to José Américo de Almeida\'s opinion, such public reservoirs had the double function of storing water and providing jobs for the affected population, what would prevent the massive deaths and fix this population in its own region. Among the dams initiated during this period is the Coremas-Mãe D\'água System, located in the Piancó Valley, in Paraíba hinterland. At first classified as if it were a demographic void, the area expropriated to install the dam were filled with small farms producing with the work of resident tenants. Uprooted without any compensation form the State, a great deal of them became workers on Dnocs enterprises or tenants of the Department. Although the anti drought policies were justified by the promise of improving the life of the population located in the semi-arid, many of the enterprises ended up expropriating peasants, tenants and small land owners, making the conditions of work under which they were submitted worse.

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 315-325. / by John Merrill Toole. / Sc.D.

Thesis. 1975. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology. / Bibliography: leaves 107-109. / M.S.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 5 janvier 2024) / Les ballons stratosphériques étant une avenue relativement nouvelle pour tester des avancées technologiques ou faire des observations astronomiques, les données sur les turbulences atmosphériques à 40 km d'altitude sont encore limitées. Une mission précurseur telle qu'HiCIBaS (High Contrast Imaging Balloon System) doit donc caractériser les turbulences et s'assurer qu'il est possible de les corriger suffisamment pour faire des observations avec une bonne qualité d'image. Cela est d'autant plus vrai que le but à long terme d'HiCIBaS est de faire de l'imagerie haut contraste pour la détection directe d'exoplanètes, ce qui exige de travailler avec peu de photons. Ce mémoire traite du design et de la validation du système optique d'HiCIBaS-II dont le but porte exclusivement sur la mesure des turbulences atmosphériques à 40 km et dont le lancement est prévu à la mi-août 2023. La charge utile de l'instrument comporte un télescope Schmidt-Cassegrain de 35 cm de diamètre, deux caméras de guidage et un analyseur de front d'onde de type Shack-Hartmann utilisé en boucle fermée avec un miroir plan collé sur un miroir piézoélectrique qui permet de corriger les erreurs de $tilt$. Les turbulences engendrant principalement du $tilt$, cette boucle fermée devrait être suffisante pour compenser les principales erreurs causées par ces perturbations, en plus de corriger les erreurs d'alignement causées par les gradients de température au sein de l'instrument et par les oscillations de la gondole. Des erreurs de conception et de fabrication mécanique ont complexifié l'alignement du banc optique et empêché l'atteinte de tous les requis. Des aberrations statiques résiduelles non négligeables se sont ainsi ajoutées dans les performances optiques finales. Bien que ce ne soit pas l'idéal, ces aberrations ont été jugées acceptables considérant la difficulté à aligner le montage et considérant que la plage dynamique du Shack-Hartmann est suffisamment grande pour aller chercher les données voulues. / The stratospheric balloons are still a new way to test technological advancements or to make astronomical observations. The data on atmospheric turbulence at 40 km are then few. A precursor mission like HiCIBaS (for High Contrast Imaging Balloon System) has to characterize this turbulence and be sure to correct it efficiently, so it is possible to make observations with a good picture quality. This is especially the case since the long-term goal of HiCIBaS is to do high contrast imaging for direct detection of exoplanets, which requires working with few photons. This master's thesis discusses HiCIBaS-II's optical system's design and validation. HiCIBaS-II's goal is limited to measuring atmospheric turbulence at 40 km. The launch is planned for mid-August 2023. The payload is composed of a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope with a diameter of 35 cm, two guiding cameras and a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor used in a closed loop with a mirror on a piezoelectric motor to correct the tilt errors. Because turbulence causes mostly tilt errors, this closed loop should be sufficient to offset the main perturbations. It should also correct the alignment errors caused by thermal gradients in the instrument and the gondola oscillations. Conception and mechanical errors made the alignment of optical elements more complex and prevented the attainment of desired requirements. Some non-negligible static aberrations have then been included in the final optical performances. It is not the ideal situation, but the aberrations have still been judged acceptable considering the difficulty of aligning the assembly. It has also been judged that the Shack-Hartmann's dynamic range is large enough to pick up the desired data.

Plusieurs projets de télescopes spatiaux ont pour objectif d’étudier des exoplanètes en ayant recours à des techniques d’imagerie directe à haut contraste. Afin d’atteindre une différence de contraste requise entre la lumière de l’étoile et celle réfléchie par l’exoplanète, ses systèmes doivent utiliser un coronographe pour occulter la lumière de l’étoile et corriger en temps réel les erreurs de front d’onde avec des techniques d’optique adaptative. Les aberrations sont détectées par un analyseur de front d’onde, puis une boucle de contrôle envoie une commande qui modifie la surface d’un miroir déformable pour compenser les erreurs de front d’onde. Les performances des systèmes d’optiques adaptatives sont cependant souvent limitées par la présente d’erreurs quasi statiques qui sont causées par la différence de trajet optique entre la caméra de science et le senseur de front d’onde. Un système d’imagerie haut contraste a donc été développé pour démontrer le potentiel d’une technique de contrôle qui permet d’éliminer cette source d’erreur. Cette boucle de contrôle a la particularité d’utiliser un coronographe qui permet d’analyser les erreurs de front d’onde directement à partir de l’image de la caméra de science. Le système optique développé dans le cadre de ce mémoire a été testé en laboratoire et a également été optimisé pour réaliser une démonstration fonctionnelle dans des conditions similaires à l’espace lors d’un vol de ballon dans la stratosphère. Les résultats de vol ont permis de valider la maturité technologique de certaines composantes qui ont le potentiel d’être utilisées pour les prochaines générations de télescopes spatiaux. / Several space telescope projects aim to study exoplanets using high-contrast direct imaging techniques. In order to achieve the required difference in contrast between the light from the star and that reflected by the exoplanet, those systems must use a coronagraph to mask the light of the star and correct in real time wavefront errors with adaptive optics techniques.The aberrations are detected by a wavefront sensor, then a control loop sends a command that modifies the surface of a deformable mirror to compensate for the wavefront errors. However, the performance of adaptive optics systems is often limited by the present quasi-static errors that are caused by the optical path difference between the science camera and the wavefront sensor. A high contrast imaging system has been developed to demonstrate the potential of a control technique which enables the reduction of this kind of error. This control loop has the particularity of using a coronagraph which allows the analyze of the wavefront errors directly from the science camera’s image. The optical system developed within the frameworkof this master’s project has been tested in a laboratory and was also optimized to perform afunctional demonstration in space-like conditions during a balloon flight in the stratosphere.The flight results validated the readiness level of some components that could potentially beused for the next generation of space telescopes.