Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from PDF file main screen (viewed on July 2, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-03-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbudo_rr_me_prud.pdf: 6082864 bytes, checksum: 7050e19d0a5f415a59e2de432a48dc85 (MD5) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos movimentos de ocupação pelas frentes pioneiras de colonização (1940-1960),que contribuíram para a apropriação e valorização das terras do Noroeste Paulista, identificando o momento dos conflitos reivindicatórios e o papel dos órgãos públicos na consolidação do projeto de colonização da Gleba 06 – Fazenda Jacylândia no município de Meridiano, estado de São Paulo . O estudo revela a evolução da estrutura agrária e fundiária, seu suporte legal no tocante a Fazenda, município e região, e analisa a situação atual dos sitiantes-residentes da Fazenda face às políticas agrárias vigentes. A localização da Fazenda (proximidade dos núcleos urbanos), o desgaste da terra, o predomínio do minifúndio, a morosidade das decisões políticas do Estado, a falta de recursos econômicos, apontou para a busca de alternativas e estratégias de sobrevivência e inclusões de atividades não-agrícolas que apontam para um “novo rural” - polissêmico. / This work has as its purpose to analyse the movements of occupation done by the pioneer fronts of colonization (1940 – 1960), that contributed for the possession and valuation of the lands on Noroeste Paulista, by identifying the moments of the reivindicative conflicts and the role of the public organisms for the consolidation of the colonization project of the Glebe 6 – Jacylândia Farm, in the municipality of Meridiano, São Paulo state. This study shows the evolution of the agrarian, landed structure, its legal support concerning to the Farm, the municipality and the region, and it evaluates the present situation of the small farmers living on the Farm before the agrarian politics in vigor. The localization of the Farm (near the urban nuclei), the wearing of the lands, the prevalence of the small properties, the slowness of the political actions of the State, the lack of economic funds indicated the search of options and survival strategies through the non-agricultural activities that pointed towards a polysemic “new rural”.

My dissertation is an investigation into the basic Physics of phase separation fronts. Such phase-separation fronts occur in many practical applications, like the formation of immersion precipitation membranes, Temperature induced phase-separation of polymeric blends, or the formation of steel. Despite the fact that these phenomena are ubiquitous no generally acceptable theory of phase-separation front exists. I believe the reason lies in the complexity of many of these material systems where a large number of physical effects (like phase-separation, crystallization, hydrodynamics, etc) cooperate to generate these structures. As a Physicist, I was driven to develop an understanding of these systems, and we choose to start our investigation with the simplest system that would incorporate a phase-separation front. So we initially limited our study to systems with a purely diffusive dynamics. The phase-separation front is induced by a control-parameter front that is a simple step function advancing with a prescribed velocity. We investigated these systems numerically using a lattice Boltzmann method and also investigated them analytically as much as possible. Starting from a one-dimensional front moving with a constant velocity we then extended the complexity of the systems by increasing the number of dimensions, examining a variable front velocity, and finally by including hydrodynamics.

Cette thèse porte sur les fronts de transition pour des équations de réaction-diffusion dans différents milieux. Les fronts de transition généralisent les notions habituelles de fronts progressifs ou pulsatoires. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants. Pour des réactions bistables, nous prouvons la monotonie en temps de tous les fronts de transition avec vitesse globale moyenne non nulle. Pour des réactions bistables périodiques en temps ou pour des réactions de type combustion, nous prouvons l’existence et l’unicité de la vitesse globale moyenne d’un front. De plus, nous montrons que les fronts presque plans sont en réalité plans et nous montrons l’existence de fronts de transitions non standard. Pour des réactions bistables périodiques en espace, nous montrons la continuité et la différentiabilité des vitesses et des profils de ces fronts pulsatoires par rapport à la direction e en supposant l’existence de fronts pulsatoires à vitesse non nulle dans toutes les directions $e$. Ensuite, nous prouvons que la vitesse de propagation d’un front de transition quelconque est comprise entre les vitesses minimales et maximales des fronts pulsatoires. Enfin, nous étudions les vitesses globales moyennes des fronts de transition bistables dans des domaines non bornés : domaines extérieurs ou domaines à branches multiples cylindriques. Dans ces deux types de domaines, nous prouvons l’existence et l’unicité de la vitesse globale moyenne de tous les fronts de transition sous certaines hypothèses. / This dissertation is concerned with transition fronts in various media, which generalize the standard notions of traveling fronts. The main results are as following. For bistable reaction, we prove the time monotonicity of all transition fronts with non-zero global mean speed, whatever shape their level sets may have. For time-periodic bistable reaction and combustion-type reaction, we prove the existence and the uniqueness of the global mean speed. Meantime, we show that almost-planar fronts are actually planar and we show the existence of non-standard transitions fronts in $\mathbb{R}^N$. For spatially periodic bistable reaction, we show some continuity and differentiability properties of the front speeds and profiles with respect to the direction $e$ by providing the existence of pulsating fronts with nonzero speed in all directions $e$. Then, we prove that the propagating speed of any transition front is bounded by the minimal speed and the maximal speed of pulsating fronts. Finally, we study the mean speed of bistable transition fronts in unbounded domains: exterior domains and domains with multiple cylindrical branches. In both domains, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the global mean speed of any transition front under some assumptions.

Thesis. 1975. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology. / Bibliography: leaves 84-85. / by Frank Decatur Marks, Jr. / M.S.

L’imagerie directe pour la détection et l’identification d’exoplanètes apporte un lot de nouveaux défis en instrumentation astronomique. L’utilisation de coronographes à haut contraste nécessite que les aberrations du système optique ainsi que la turbulence atmosphérique soient très bien corrigées afin de supprimer la lumière de l’étoile de façon à pouvoir détecter clairement les objets moins brillants qui pourraient se trouver à proximité de celle-ci. Il devient donc nécessaire d’utiliser des analyseurs de front d’onde spécialisés dans la détection rapide des bas ordres (typiquement les fines erreurs de pointage et de foyer) afin d’atteindre des niveaux de contraste entre l’étoile et une planète de l’ordre de 10 / Direct imaging aimed at the detection of exoplanets raises new challenges in astronomical instrumentation. The use of high-contrast coronographs to do such tasks requires that the optical system as well as all atmospheric turbulance are corrected near the limit of diffraction in order to remove the light from the adjacent star and detect faint objects that could be near that star. These tight requirements on stability require the use of wavefront sensor specialised in the fast and accurate detection of low-order aberrations (typically pointing and focus errors) to achieve the contrast of 10

Les structures de (sous)mésoéchelle (tourbillons, filaments ou fronts) sont des composantes majeures de la circulation océanique et dirigent la distribution des éléments chimiques et biologiques dans l'océan. Cependant, encore peu d'observations attestent de cette influence. L'objectif de cette thèse est de regrouper divers jeux de données in situ, acquis aux échelles typiques de la (sous)mésoéchelle et de coupler ces informations à des observations satellites haute-résolution et des sorties de modèles numériques pour identifier et mieux comprendre l'influence de la circulation fine échelle sur la distribution spatiale des éléments. Dans un premier temps, une étude globale de la circulation océanique de surface dans le Pacifique Sud-Ouest permet de donner un aperçu de l'importance des circulations de chaque échelle (de la grande à la petite échelle) sur la distribution horizontale des éléments biogéochimiques dans cette région. Dans un second temps, l'influence de la mésoéchelle dans deux régions (mer de Corail et zone autour de 170°O et 19°S) mises en avant par la première étude pour leurs caractéristiques hydrodynamiques et biogéochimiques, est inspectée. Deux cas d'études montrent respectivement que les tourbillons océaniques, en particulier les anticyclones, sont responsables du transport et de l'échange de masses d'eau entre deux courants indépendants et que la circulation à mésoéchelle est une des sources de la formation d'un bloom phytoplanctonique. Enfin, deux autres études témoignent de l'influence des fronts et des vitesses verticales à sousmésoéchelle sur la distribution horizontale et vertical de matière et sur la structure des communautés phytoplanctoniques. / Meso- and submesoscale features (eddies, filaments, fronts) are key components of the oceanic circulation and drive the distribution of chemical and biological elements in the ocean. However, very few in situ observations confirm this influence. The aim of this PhD thesis is to use various in situ datasets, achieved at (sub)mesoscale, coupled with high-resolution satellite observations and modelled outputs to identify and better understand the impact of fine scale circulations on the spatial distribution of biogeochemical matter. Firstly, a global study of the entire southwest Pacific surface circulation provides an overview of the significance of each scale (from large to submesoscale) circulations on the horizontal distribution of biogeochemical components in this region. Secondly, the influence of mesoscale activity is inspected in two regions (Coral Sea and the region around 170°W and 19°S) highlighted by the previous study for their hydrodynamical and biogeochemical characteristics. Two cases study show, respectively, that eddies, and in particular anticyclones, are able to transport water masses between two independant jets and that mesoscale trajectories of surface water masses are responsible for a phytoplanktonic bloom formation. Finally, two other studies highlight the influence of submesoscale fronts and vertical velocities on the horizontal and vertical distribution of biogeochemical matter and on the phytoplanktonic community structure.

O presente estudo analisa, numa perspectiva mais ampla, as principais características do novo tempo do Cerrado. Estas estão intimamente relacionadas à propagação dos fronts agrícolas, ou seja, da agricultura moderna, a partir da década de 1970. Esta agricultura, realizada de maneira intensiva e em larga escala, introduziu nos cerrados brasileiros um novo tempo, ao implantar sistemas técnicos extremamente funcionais à produção agrícola moderna, permitindo às grandes empresas um maior domínio da produção. Dentre os sistemas técnicos controlados pelas empresas, o sistema de armazenamento se destaca, ao configurar-se como um dos principais elos logísticos dos diversos circuitos espaciais produtivos agrícolas. Os silos permitem cadenciar a circulação dos grãos no tempo e no espaço, sendo imprescindíveis desde a produção (strictu sensu), até os estágios finais de exportação e consumo. Nos fronts agrícolas, o controle do sistema de armazenamento se torna ainda mais estratégico, por se tratar da principal região produtora de grãos do país, pela grande distância com relação aos portos exportadores e regiões consumidoras e pela precariedade dos sistemas de transporte. Esse contexto torna a posse do sistema de armazenamento um elemento chave para o controle da produção. É por isso que nas principais regiões produtoras a posse dos sistemas de armazenamento é ainda mais seletiva, sendo controlada pelas grandes firmas processadoras e exportadoras de grãos, tornando os produtores e o Estado subservientes à política das empresas. Portanto, esta pesquisa analisa de maneira mais estrita como o domínio do sistema de armazenamento de grãos confere às empresas um maior poder de regulação da produção agrícola e um uso privilegiado do território. / The present work intends to analyze, in an ampler perspective, the main characteristics of the new time of the Cerrado. These are closely related to the propagation of fronts agricultural, that is, of modern agriculture, from the decade of 1970s. This agriculture, carried through in intensive way and on a large scale, introduced in the brazilian Cerrado a new time, when implanting extremely functional technical systems to the modern agricultural production, allowing to the great companies a bigger domain of the production. Among the controlled technical systems by the companies, the storage system detaches, when configuring itself as one of the main logistic links of the diverse space circuits productive agricultural. The silos allow to canry on the circulation of the grains in the time and the space, it has been essential since the production (strictu sensu), until the final periods of training of exportation and consumption. In the agricultural fronts, the control of the storage system becomes still more strategical, for dealing with the main producing region of grains of the country, for the great distance recated to the exporter ports and consumer regions and for the precariousness of the transport systems. This context has become the ownership of the storage system an important element for the control of the production. It is for this reason that in the main productive regions the ownership of the storage systems is still more selective, and controlled for the tradings, becoming the producers and the State servile the politics of the companies. Therefore, this research analyzes in way more strict how the domain of system grains storage confers to the companies a bigger power of regulation of the agricultural production and a privileged use of the territory.

Le développement d'une méthode objective pour détecter les fronts thermiques de surface sur une base de données de onze ans d'images AVHRR, a permis d'étudier les variations d'amplitude et de position des fronts de surface. Dans la région de collision Brésil-Malouines, un seul front est observé avec les images AVHRR et de couleur de l'eau. Ce front pivote autour d'un point fixe (39.5°S, 53.5°W) entre une orientation NS en hiver et NW-SE en été. La division de l'Atlantique Sud-Ouest en régions biophysiques est étudiée avec une méthode de réseau de neurones et avec une méthode basée sur des histogrammes, les données étant des moyennes de température de surface de la mer (SST), gradient de SST et couleur de l'eau. La variabilité du courant qui entoure l'élévation du Zapiola est étudiée à l'aide de données in-situ (flotteurs ARGO et hydrologie de la campagne WOCE A11) et altimétriques. Un mécanisme de forçage par les tourbillons, qui pourrait expliquer la variabilité observée, est discuté.

Bibliography: leaves 163-172 / x, 173 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1986