This paper presents a two-level morphological description of Tagalog for use in PC-Kimmo and a mechanism created for updating the results output from PC-Kimmo in order to meet the standards for current database and natural language processing applications. There are two main research tasks presented in this paper which constituted this project. First, a complete morphological engine for Tagalog is presented. Next, a tool is introduced that takes the morphological engine output and stores it in XML format.

Within the context of natural language processing, a lemmatiser is one of the most important core technology modules that has to be developed for a particular language. A lemmatiser reduces words in a corpus to the corresponding lemmas of the words in the lexicon. A lemma is defined as the meaningful base form from which other more complex forms (i.e. variants) are derived. Before a lemmatiser can be developed for a specific language, the concept "lemma" as it applies to that specific language should first be defined clearly. This study concludes that, in Setswana, only stems (and not roots) can act independently as words; therefore, only stems should be accepted as lemmas in the context of automatic lemmatisation for Setswana. Five of the seven parts of speech in Setswana could be viewed as closed classes, which means that these classes are not extended by means of regular morphological processes. The two other parts of speech (nouns and verbs) require the implementation of alternation rules to determine the lemma. Such alternation rules were formalised in this study, for the purpose of development of a Setswana lemmatiser. The existing Setswana grammars were used as basis for these rules. Therewith the precision of the formalisation of these existing grammars to lemmatise Setswana words could be determined. The software developed by Van Noord (2002), FSA 6, is one of the best-known applications available for the development of finite state automata and transducers. Regular expressions based on the formalised morphological rules were used in FSA 6 to create finite state transducers. The code subsequently generated by FSA 6 was implemented in the lemmatiser. The metric that applies to the evaluation of the lemmatiser is precision. On a test corpus of 1 000 words, the lemmatiser obtained 70,92%. In another evaluation on 500 complex nouns and 500 complex verbs separately, the lemmatiser obtained 70,96% and 70,52% respectively. Expressed in numbers the precision on 500 complex and simplex nouns was 78,45% and on complex and simplex verbs 79,59%. The quantitative achievement only gives an indication of the relative precision of the grammars. Nevertheless, it did offer analysed data with which the grammars were evaluated qualitatively. The study concludes with an overview of how these results might be improved in the future. / Thesis (M.A. (African Languages))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Within the context of natural language processing, a lemmatiser is one of the most important core technology modules that has to be developed for a particular language. A lemmatiser reduces words in a corpus to the corresponding lemmas of the words in the lexicon. A lemma is defined as the meaningful base form from which other more complex forms (i.e. variants) are derived. Before a lemmatiser can be developed for a specific language, the concept "lemma" as it applies to that specific language should first be defined clearly. This study concludes that, in Setswana, only stems (and not roots) can act independently as words; therefore, only stems should be accepted as lemmas in the context of automatic lemmatisation for Setswana. Five of the seven parts of speech in Setswana could be viewed as closed classes, which means that these classes are not extended by means of regular morphological processes. The two other parts of speech (nouns and verbs) require the implementation of alternation rules to determine the lemma. Such alternation rules were formalised in this study, for the purpose of development of a Setswana lemmatiser. The existing Setswana grammars were used as basis for these rules. Therewith the precision of the formalisation of these existing grammars to lemmatise Setswana words could be determined. The software developed by Van Noord (2002), FSA 6, is one of the best-known applications available for the development of finite state automata and transducers. Regular expressions based on the formalised morphological rules were used in FSA 6 to create finite state transducers. The code subsequently generated by FSA 6 was implemented in the lemmatiser. The metric that applies to the evaluation of the lemmatiser is precision. On a test corpus of 1 000 words, the lemmatiser obtained 70,92%. In another evaluation on 500 complex nouns and 500 complex verbs separately, the lemmatiser obtained 70,96% and 70,52% respectively. Expressed in numbers the precision on 500 complex and simplex nouns was 78,45% and on complex and simplex verbs 79,59%. The quantitative achievement only gives an indication of the relative precision of the grammars. Nevertheless, it did offer analysed data with which the grammars were evaluated qualitatively. The study concludes with an overview of how these results might be improved in the future. / Thesis (M.A. (African Languages))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Submitted by Robson Campos (rcampos@uol.com.br) on 2016-02-22T12:19:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Master's Thesis_CIM2_RobsonCampos_Final Version_uploaded281215.pdf: 956324 bytes, checksum: efa8185ebe5e8bc92dbd2d369654082e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-02-25T14:14:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Master's Thesis_CIM2_RobsonCampos_Final Version_uploaded281215.pdf: 956324 bytes, checksum: efa8185ebe5e8bc92dbd2d369654082e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-02-29T12:18:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Master's Thesis_CIM2_RobsonCampos_Final Version_uploaded281215.pdf: 956324 bytes, checksum: efa8185ebe5e8bc92dbd2d369654082e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-29T12:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Master's Thesis_CIM2_RobsonCampos_Final Version_uploaded281215.pdf: 956324 bytes, checksum: efa8185ebe5e8bc92dbd2d369654082e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-28 / One of the challenges presented by the current conjecture in Global Companies is to recognize and understand that the culture and levels in structure of the Power Distance in Organizations in different countries contribute, significantly, toward the failure or success of their strategies. The alignment between the implementation and execution of new strategies for projects intended for the success of the Organization as a whole, rather than as an individual part thereof, is an important step towards reducing the impacts of Power Distance (PDI) on the success of business strategies. A position at odds with this understanding by Companies creates boundaries that increase organizational chasms, also taking into consideration relevant aspects such as, FSAs (Firm-Specific Advantages) and CSAs (Country-Specific Advantages). It is also important that the Organizations based in countries or regions of low Power Distance (PDI) between its individuals be more flexible and prepared to ask and to hear the suggestions from Regional and Local Offices. Thus, the purpose of this study is to highlight the elements of effective strategy implementation considering the relevant aspects at all levels of global corporate culture that justify the influences of power distance when implementing new strategies and also to minimize the impacts of this internal business relationship. This study also recognizes that other corporate and cultural aspects are relevant for the success of business strategies so consider, for instance, the lack of alignment between global and regional/local organizations, the need for competent leadership resources, as well as the challenges that indicate the distance between the hierarchical levels ─ Headquarters and Regional Office ─ as some of the various causes that prevent the successful execution of global strategies. Finally, we show that the execution of the strategy cannot be treated as a construction solely created by the Headquarters or by only one Board and that it needs to be understood as a system aimed at interacting with the surroundings.

On the first April 2006 came to the turning point in the Czech Republic in the sphere of supervision and regulation over financial market, whereby approach more ideal European markets. In the master's thesis I focus on the present state of supervision and regulation of the financial market in CR, but also on system development before the 1. April 2006. I also deal with operating system on the financial market in Great Britain. The aim of my thesis is comparison of supervision and regulation in the Czech Republic and Great Britain.

This thesis considers Esther Bubley's photographic documentation of a boarding house for Jewish workingmen and women during World War II. An examination of Bubley's photographs reveals the complexities surrounding Jewish-American identity, which included aspects of social inclusion and exclusion, a rejection of past traditions and acceptance of contemporary transitions. Bubley presented these residents, specifically the females, as modern Americans shedding the stereotypes surrounding their Jewish heritage and revealing their own perspective and reality. Through their communal support as a group sharing multiple values these residents dealt with multivalent isolation all while maintaining their participation in mainstream American cultural norms. Working for Roy Stryker in the Office of War Information, Bubley provided a missing record of a distinct community in America to be included in the larger collection of Farm Security Administration and Office of War Information photographs. These photographs provide insight into Jewish-American communities and shed light on the home front of America during World War II. Furthermore, Bubley's photographs illustrate how these Jewish-Americans reacted to World War II and reveal both the unity of a nation at war and the isolation of social exclusion in America.

This thesis assesses UK banking liquidity regulation and supervision and the Basel liquidity requirements, and models banks' liquidity risk. The study reveals that the FSA's risk-assessment framework before 2008 was too general without specifically considering banks' liquidity risk (as well as its failures on Northern Rock). The study also lists the limitations of the FSA's banking liquidity regimes before 2008. The thesis reviews whether the FSA's new liquidity regimes after 2008 would have coped with UK banks' liquidity risks if they have been applied properly. The fundamental changes in the FSA's liquidity supervision reflect three considerations. First, it introduces a systemic control requirement by measuring individual fifirm's liquidity risk with a market-wide stress or combination of idiosyncratic and market-wide stresses. Second, it emphasizes the monitoring of business model risks and the capability of senior managers. Third, it allows both internal and external managers to access more information by increasing the liquidity reporting frequencies. The thesis also comments on the Basel Liquidity Principles of 2008 and the two Liquidity Standards. The Principles of 2008 represents a substantial revision of the Principles of 2000 and reflect the lessons of the fifinancial market turmoil since 2007. The study argues that the implementation of the sound principles by banks and supervisors should be fexible, but also need to be consistent to make sure they understand banks' liquidity positions quite well. The study also explains the composition of the Basel liquidity ratios as well as the side effect of Basel liquidity standards; for example, it will reshape interbank deposit markets and bond markets as a result of the increase in demand for `liquid assets' and `stable funding'. This thesis uses quantitative balance sheet liquidity analysis, based upon modified versions of the BCBS (2010b) and Moody's (2001) models, to estimate eight UK banks' short and long-term liquidity positions from 2005 to 2010 respectively. The study shows that only Barclays Bank remained liquid on a short-term basis throughout the sample period (2005-2010); while the HSBC Bank also proved liquid on a short-term basis, although not in 2008 and 2010. On a long-term basis, RBS has remained liquid since 2008 after receiving government support; while Santander UK also proved liquid, except in 2009. The other banks,especially Natwest, are shown to have faced challenging conditions, on both a short-term and long-term basis, over the sample period. This thesis also uses the Exposure-Based Cash-Flow-at-Risk (CFaR) model to forecast UK banks' liquidity risk. Based on annual data over the period 1997 to 2010, the study predicts that by the end of 2011, the (102) UK banks' average CFaR at the 95% confidence level will be -£5.76 billion, Barclays Bank's (Barclays') CFaR will be -£0.34 billion, the Royal Bank of Scotland's (RBS's) CFaR will be -£40.29 billion, HSBC Bank's (HSBC's) CFaR will be £0.67 billion, Lloyds TSB Bank's (Lloyds TSB's) CFaR will be -£4.90 billion, National Westminister Bank's (Natwest's) CFaR will be -£10.38 billion, and Nationwide Building Society's (Nationwide's) CFaR will be -£0.72 billion. Moreover, it is clear that Lloyds TSB and Natwest are associated with the largest risk, according to the biggest percentage difference between downside cash flow and expected cash flow (3600% and 816% respectively). Since I summarize a bank's liquidity risk exposure in a single number (CFaR), which is the maximum shortfall given the targeted probability level, it can be directly compared to the bank's risk tolerance and used to guide corporate risk management decisions. Finally, this thesis estimates the long-term United Kingdom economic impact of the Basel III capital and liquidity requirements. Using quarterly data over the period 1997:q1 to 2010:q2, the study employs a non-linear-in-factor probit model to show increases in bank capital and liquidity would reduce the probability of a bank crisis significantly. The study estimates the long-run cost of the Basel III requirements with a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), which shows holding higher capital and liquidity would reduce output by a small amount but increase bank profitability in the long run. The maximum temporary net benefit and permanent net benefit is shown to be 1.284% and 35.484% of pre-crisis GDP respectively when the tangible common equity ratio stays at 10%. Assuming all UK banks also meet the Basel III long-term liquidity requirements, the temporary net benefit and permanent net benefit will be 0.347% and 14.318% of pre-crisis GDP respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that, in terms of the impact on output, there is considerable room to further tighten capital and liquidity requirements, while still providing positive effects for the United Kingdom economy.

No description available.

This bachelor thesis is a qualitative, small-n, empirically driven comparative study that examines the relationship between rebel group ideology and targeted violence against the LGBTIQ+ community. Two rebel groups in the Syrian Arab Republic, with different ideological beliefs, are examined and compared in relation to their level of violence against LGBTIQ+ individuals. Findings in this study suggest that religious groups are keener to use extreme violence against sexual minorities, and to target them explicitly, but further studies are needed to fully understand this targeting of sexual minorities in armed conflicts.