Dimensional Analysis is a technique that has allowed engineering evaluation of complex objects by scaling analysis results of representative simpler models. The original premise of the procedure stems from the idea of developing non-dimensional parameters to relate physical events and underlying analytical basis. Extending the process to incorporate non-linear and time variant behavior has led to development of a novel process of similitude called the Empirical Similitude Method (ESM) where experimental data of test specimen is combined to produce the required prediction values. Using the original motivation and hypothesis of ESM, this research has expanded the experimental similitude process by using adapted matrix representations and continuous functional mapping of test results. This new approach has provided more rigorous mathematical definitions for similarity and prediction estimations based on an innovative error minimization algorithm. Shape factors are also introduced and integrated into ESM to obtain comprehensive evaluation of specimen choices. A detailed overview is provided summarizing methods, principles and laws of traditional similitude (TSM) and systems that satisfy extension into ESM. Applicability of ESM in different systems is described based on the limitations of TSM in the evaluation of complex structures. Several examples and ideas spanning aerodynamic, thermal, mechanical and electro-magnetic domains are illustrated to complement inherent technical analysis. For example, the new ESM procedure is shown to be considerably more accurate than earlier methods in predicting the values of drag coefficient of an airfoil. A final foray into the regime of \design evaluation by similarity" is made to elucidate applicability and efficiency of developed techniques in practical systems and products. A thorough methodology is also presented highlighting pertinent procedures and processes in usage of this method. / text

<p>Antibodies are proteins capable of specific interactions to a wide range of molecules. These interactions are facilitated by the complementary determining regions (CDR).</p><p>Carcinomas are the most common of human cancers and they release significant amount of cytokeratins (CK) in the necrotic areas of the tumors. The CKs stay in the tumor, since they have low solubility. The antibody studied in this thesis, the anti-CK 8 antibody TS1, has shown to be effective in tumor targeting and is proposed to be useful in therapy.</p><p>Single-chain antibodies (scFv) are recombinant antibodies which are much smaller than the intact IgG. This is an advantage when used in tumor therapy, since they can penetrate the tumors more easily than the larger IgG. Moreover, they are expressed by one single gene which make them easy to modify, for example by site-directed mutagenesis.</p><p>The anti-idiotypic antibody αTS1 can be used to clear the TS1 form the circulation and thereby clear the body from non-tumor bound TS1 in therapy. To be able to modify the binding of an antibody to its antigen and or anti-idiotype, these interactions must be studied. In this study this is accomplished by chemical modifications of the IgGs TS1 and αTS1 and the antigen CK 8. Guided by these results, amino acid residues were mutated by using site-directed mutagenesis in the TS1-218 scFv and the effects were studied. From mutational study results, the functional epitope could be mapped and it was found that there are mainly tyrosines, but also charged residues, serine and a tryptophan that are important for both interactions. The binding of TS1-218 to both αTS1 and CK 8 could be improved by changing the negatively charged side-chains by mutations to their corresponding amide or alanine.</p><p>Both the IgG and scFv versions of TS1 were administered in vivo. The IgG αTS1 was used to clear the TS1 from the circulation by forming immune complexes. The immune complexes, consisting of four or more antibodies, were mainly metabolized by the liver. The scFv TS1-218 could localize to the tumor in a tumor xenograft mouse model, although a higher uptake would be desired in a therapeutic strategy. The scFv was cleared rapidly by the kidneys, but the clearance could be slowed by pre-formed immune complexes with anti-TS1 scFv in vitro, prior to administration in vivo.</p>

Antibodies are proteins capable of specific interactions to a wide range of molecules. These interactions are facilitated by the complementary determining regions (CDR). Carcinomas are the most common of human cancers and they release significant amount of cytokeratins (CK) in the necrotic areas of the tumors. The CKs stay in the tumor, since they have low solubility. The antibody studied in this thesis, the anti-CK 8 antibody TS1, has shown to be effective in tumor targeting and is proposed to be useful in therapy. Single-chain antibodies (scFv) are recombinant antibodies which are much smaller than the intact IgG. This is an advantage when used in tumor therapy, since they can penetrate the tumors more easily than the larger IgG. Moreover, they are expressed by one single gene which make them easy to modify, for example by site-directed mutagenesis. The anti-idiotypic antibody αTS1 can be used to clear the TS1 form the circulation and thereby clear the body from non-tumor bound TS1 in therapy. To be able to modify the binding of an antibody to its antigen and or anti-idiotype, these interactions must be studied. In this study this is accomplished by chemical modifications of the IgGs TS1 and αTS1 and the antigen CK 8. Guided by these results, amino acid residues were mutated by using site-directed mutagenesis in the TS1-218 scFv and the effects were studied. From mutational study results, the functional epitope could be mapped and it was found that there are mainly tyrosines, but also charged residues, serine and a tryptophan that are important for both interactions. The binding of TS1-218 to both αTS1 and CK 8 could be improved by changing the negatively charged side-chains by mutations to their corresponding amide or alanine. Both the IgG and scFv versions of TS1 were administered in vivo. The IgG αTS1 was used to clear the TS1 from the circulation by forming immune complexes. The immune complexes, consisting of four or more antibodies, were mainly metabolized by the liver. The scFv TS1-218 could localize to the tumor in a tumor xenograft mouse model, although a higher uptake would be desired in a therapeutic strategy. The scFv was cleared rapidly by the kidneys, but the clearance could be slowed by pre-formed immune complexes with anti-TS1 scFv in vitro, prior to administration in vivo.

人口的增長、現代化的生活環境，讓人們必須去面對隨時不斷產生的巨量資料；不過值得慶幸的是，電腦設備的運算、儲存能力一直在改進，所以人類所能處理的資料量也隨之提升，資料採礦技術的發展便是人類嘗試在大量資料中進行分析，以解決生活中所遇到的難題。 許多實際個案的結果顯示，資料採礦工作確實能替分析者帶來更好的績效，然而仍是有不少的失敗案例。如果深入去分析失敗原因，問題並不是出於資料採礦技術無法使用，而是資料品質不良或是資料內涵資訊不足所導致的。 資料庫中有用的變數不足的問題可以藉由重新收集資料解決，然而這勢必需要花費龐大的經費並且缺乏時效性。如何利用其他的外部資料來提昇資料庫的資訊含量便是本研究的目的。在實證過程中，利用工商業與服務業普查資料庫和技術創新資料庫做為分析所使用的資料庫；並且控制資料庫連結變數個數、建模資料比例和各類模型三個因子，採用函數映設方式，進行資料庫增值的工作。 從研究結果可以發現，確實可以藉由其他資料或是資料庫的內容，來增加資料庫的內含欄位和訊息，希望能夠替資料採礦工作者提供一個節省精力的方向，而且做為未來更多研究的基礎。 關鍵字：資料採礦、函數映射、資料庫加值。

Orientadores: Anete Pereira de Souza, Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T06:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marconi_ThiagoGibbin_D.pdf: 16468359 bytes, checksum: 01e191ac164eff1d269733328f5be31e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A utilização dos marcadores moleculares em estudos de mapeamento genético e de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) tem proporcionado um importante progresso no conhecimento da genética e da estrutura genômica da cana-de-açúcar. O projeto de sequenciamento de ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) do programa Genoma da FAPESP (SUCEST) identificou aproximadamente 43 mil clusters que representam os genes de cana-de-açúcar. Sabe-se que os ESTs apresentam grande potencial para serem utilizados no desenvolvimento de marcadores genético-moleculares. Tendo em vista os avanços possíveis no melhoramento genético da cana-de-açúcar com a construção de um mapa genético funcional a partir de ESTs de interesse, este trabalho teve como objetivos o mapeamento genético em uma população F1 de cana-de-açúcar utilizando marcadores moleculares do tipo EST-SSRs (Expressed Sequence Tags - Simple Sequence Repeats) e SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), desenvolvidos a partir de seqüências ESTs homólogas a genes de interesse. Os SNPs desenvolvidos e mapeados demonstraram novos tipos de segregações possíveis de serem incorporadas ao mapeamento genético em cana-de-açúcar, representando avanços para a análise genética de poliplóides e possibilitando a saturação do mapa genético com marcadores completamente informativos. Os marcadores moleculares EST-SSRs e SNPs desenvolvidos e integrados ao mapa genético da cana-de-açúcar aumentaram sua resolução e também as possibilidades de mapeamento dos QTLs com maior precisão / Abstract: The use of molecular markers in genetic mapping studies and QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) has provided an important advance in knowledge of genetics and genomic structure of sugarcane. The sequencing project of ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) form FAPESP's Genome Program (SUCEST) identified approximately 43 000 clusters representing the sugarcane genes. It is known that the ESTs have great potential for use in the development of genetic molecular markers. Given the possible advances in genetic breeding of sugarcane with the construction of a functional genetic map from ESTs of interest, the aim of this study was the construction of a genetic map in a F1 population of sugarcane using molecular markers EST-SSR (Expressed Sequence Tags - Simple Sequence Repeats) and SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) derived from ESTs sequences homologous to genes of interest. The developed and mapped SNPs demonstrated new types of segregation ratio that could be incorporated in the genetic mapping of sugarcane, representing advances for the genetic analysis of polyploid and allowing the saturation of the genetic map with fully informative markers. The EST-SSR markers and SNPs developed and integrated into the genetic map of sugarcane increased the resolution, coverage of the genome and also the possibilities of mapping QTLs with greater precision / Doutorado / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

Orientadores: Anete Pereira de Souza, Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T00:10:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_KarineMiranda_D.pdf: 6932327 bytes, checksum: 92b9fb104f8543695a1c804fd65bf912 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) está entre as espécies de maior importância econômica no mundo, constituindo uma das principais fontes de produção de açúcar e álcool. Apesar do Brasil ocupar posição de destaque, como o maior produtor mundial, os níveis de produtividade são considerados baixos. Os programas de melhoramento para obtenção de novas variedades de cana-de-açúcar, mais produtivas e resistentes a pragas e doenças, podem ser acelerados com o desenvolvimento de marcadores genéticos, PCR específicos, fortemente ligados a genes que controlam as características de interesse. A utilização de marcadores em estudos de mapeamento genético e de QTL¿s (Quantitative Trait Loci) tem proporcionado um importante progresso no conhecimento da estrutura genômica e na genética da cana-de-açúcar. Sabe-se que os ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) apresentam grande potencial para serem utilizados com tais finalidades. O projeto de seqüenciamento de ESTs (SUCEST), do programa Genoma da FAPESP, identificou cerca de 43 mil clusters que representam os genes de cana-de-açúcar, potenciais para serem utilizados no desenvolvimento de marcadores genéticos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e mapear marcadores EST-SSRs em uma progênie derivada do cruzamento entre duas variedades pré-comerciais de cana-de-açúcar, complementando os programas de mapeamento genético desta população. Uma busca no banco de dados do SUCEST resultou na identificação de marcadores microssatélites ou SSRs (Single sequence repeats) em 2005 clusters. Trezentos e setenta e dois locos EST-SSRs foram desenvolvidos e analisados e, destes, 149 foram selecionados para estudo de mapeamento genético. Um total de 2303 marcadores polimórficos (SSRs, EST-SSRs, RFLPs, EST-RFLPs e AFLPs) foi identificado nos 100 indivíduos da progênie F1, dos quais 1669 (72%) eram marcadores em dose simples (1:1 e 3:1), segregantes na população. As análises de mapeamento foram baseadas na metodologia de identificação de marcadores em dosagem única no genoma, com o auxílio dos programas JoinMap (versão 3.0) e OneMap. Para a formação dos grupos de co-segregação (GCs) utilizou-se LOD 5 e fração de recombinação de 0.35. A função de mapeamento de Kosambi foi adotada para conversão das freqüências de recombinação em distâncias de mapa em centiMorgans (cM). Dos 1669 marcadores segregantes, 664 (40%) foram distribuídos em 192GCs, gerando um mapa com 6261.1 cM de comprimento. Os 192 GCs foram agrupados em 14 prováveis grupos de homologia. Cento e treze dos 149 EST-SSRs avaliados foram mapeados e apresentaram homologia a genes conhecidos de outras espécies. A adição dos marcadores provenientes de seqüências expressas, aumentou a cobertura e densidade do mapa prévio desta população, possibilitando também a construção do primeiro mapa funcional de cana-de-açúcar. Os EST-SSRs desenvolvidos têm potencial de utilização na detecção de QTL¿s associados a características de importância econômica para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar / Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important cash crops, highly contributing towards the production of raw sugar and bioethanol produced worldwide. Even though Brazil is the major producer, sugar yield is considered low. Breeding programs for the attainment of new improved sugarcane varieties, which are more productive and more resistant to plagues and illnesses, could be sped up with the development of genetic markers that are PCR-specific and strongly linked to genes that control the desired agronomic traits. The use of genetic markers in genetic mapping and QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) studies has allowed important progress in the knowledge of the genomic structure and genetics of sugarcane. It is a known fact that the ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) have great potential to be used with such purposes. The Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag Project (SUCEST) has identified about 43000 clusters that represent the sugarcane genes with a potential to be used in the development of genetic markers. In this context, the objective of the present work was to develop and map EST-SSR markers in a progeny obtained by the cross between two pre-commercial sugarcane varieties, complementing the genetic mapping programs of this population. A search in the SUCEST database resulted on the identification of the microssatellites or SSR (Single sequence repeats) markers in 2005 clusters. Thus, three hundred and seventy two EST-SSR loci had been developed and analyzed and, out of these, 149 were selected for mapping analyses. A total of 2303 polymorphic markers (SSRs, EST-SSRs, RFLPs, EST-RFLPs and AFLPs) were identified among the 100 F1 individuals, of which 1669 (72.5%) were single dose (SD ¿ segregated 1:1 and 3:1) markers. Map analyses were carried out using JoinMap (version 3.0) and OneMap algorithm, based on a single-dose marker approach. The linkage relationships of simplex markers were determined at a LOD score threshold of 5 and a recombination fraction threshold of 0.35 and map distances were derived from the recombination fraction using the Kosambi function. Out of these 1669 SD markers, 664 (40%) were scattered onto 192 co-segregation groups (CGs) with a total estimated map length of 6261.1 cM. Using both genomic and EST-derived SSR and RFLP, 120 of the 192 CGs were formed into fourteen putative homology groups (HGs). One hundred and thirteen of the 149 EST-SSRs evaluated were mapped and presented homology to previously studied genes of other species. The addition of the EST-derived markers increased the coverage and density of the previous map of this population, which also enabled the construction of the first functional linkage sugarcane map. The EST-SSRs developed have the potential to be used in the detection of QTLs associated to important economic traits for sugarcane culture / Doutorado / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

Comprendre comment le cerveau humain engendre les formes les plus élaborées de comportements est profondément lié à nos connaissances générales sur son organisation anatomique et fonctionnelle. Jusqu'à récemment encore, on pensait que les fonctions cognitives n'étaient rien d'autre que le sous-produit de l'activité neurale de régions corticales discrètes et hyper-fonctionnalisées. Les découvertes majeures obtenues ces dix dernières années dans le champ de la neuro-imagerie, et plus particulièrement de la connectomique, invitent cependant à complexifier nos représentations sur les liens qu'entretiennent structures et fonctions cérébrales. Le cerveau semble en effet être organisé en systèmes neurocognitifs complexes, hautement distribués et plastiques. C'est dans cet esprit qu'a été réalisé ce travail de thèse dont l'ambition première a été de repenser les modèles actuels de la cognition sociale, et en particulier ceux ayant trait à la fonction de mentalisation, à travers l'étude comportementale des patients porteurs d'un gliome diffus de bas-grade. Cette tumeur neurologique rare constitue un excellent modèle physiopathologique en vue du démasquage des structures maîtresses des systèmes cognitifs complexes, en ce qu'elle induit des phénomènes majeurs de réorganisation fonctionnelle, et s'infiltre préférentiellement le long de la connectivité axonale associative. Des corrélations anatomo-cliniques ont été réalisées suivant une approche topologique classique (analyse de groupe en régions d'intérêt, cartographie voxel-based lesion-symptom, stimulation électrique corticale intra-opératoire) mais également hodologique (degré de déconnection des faisceaux d'association, stimulation électrique de la connectivité axonale). Les résultats principaux de nos différents travaux nous permettent de jeter les premières bases d'un modèle à double voie dynamique (plastique) et hodotopique (contraint par la réalité anatomique) de l'organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle des processus de mentalisation. Spécifiquement, une voie dorsale, interconnectant le aires corticales fronto-pariétales « miroirs » via le système périsylvien de substance blanche associative (faisceau arqué et faisceau longitudinal supérieur latéral), sous-tendrait les processus perceptifs de « bas-niveau » nécessaires à l'identification préréflexive des états mentaux ; une voie cingulo-médiane, interconnectant les régions préfrontales médiales et rostro-cingulaires aux régions pariétales postérieures médiales via le faisceau cingulaire, sous-tendrait les processus de «haut-niveau » nécessaires aux inférences mentalistiques conscientes. Ces découvertes constituent une avancée substantielle en neurosciences sociales, ont des implications importantes pour la prise en charge clinique des patients, et peuvent permettre de mieux comprendre certaines psychopathologies caractérisées à la fois par un trouble de la mentalisation et des anomalies structurales de la connectivité associative (troubles du spectre autistique). / Understanding how the brain produces sophisticated behaviours strongly depends of our knowledge on its anatomical and functional organization. Until recently, it was believed that high-level cognition was merely the by-product of the neural activity of discrete and highly specialized cortical areas. Major findings obtained in the past decade from neuroimaging, particularly from the field of connectomics, prompt now researchers to revise drastically their conceptions about the links between brain structures and functions. The brain seems indeed organized in complex, highly distributed and plastic neurocognitive networks. This is in this state of mind that our work has been carried out. Its foremost ambition was to rethink actuals models of social cognition, especially mentalizing, through the behavioural study of patients harbouring a diffuse low-grade glioma. Because this rare neurological tumour induces major functional reorganization phenomena and migrates preferentially along axonal associative connectivity, it constitutes an excellent pathophysiological model for unmasking the core structures subserving complex cognitive systems. Anatomo-clinical correlations were conducted according to both a classical topological approach (region of interest analyses, voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, intraoperative cortical electrostimulation) and a hodological approach (degree of disconnection of associative white matter fasciculi, intraoperative axonal connectivity mapping). The main results of our different studies enable us to lay the foundation of a dynamic (plastic) and hodotopical (connectivity) dual-stream model of mentalizing. Specifically, a dorsal stream, interconnecting mirror frontoparietal areas via the perisylvian network (arcuate fasciculus and lateral superior longitudinal fasciculus), may subserve low-level perceptual processes required in rapid and pre-reflective identification of mental states; a cingulo-medial stream, interconnecting medial prefrontal and rostro-cingulated areas with medial posterior parietal areas via the cingulum, may subserve higher-level processes required in reflective mentalistic inferences. These original findings represents a great step in social neuroscience, have major implications in clinical practice, and opens new opportunities in understanding certain pathological conditions characterized by both mentalizing deficits and aberrant structural connectivity (e.g. autism spectrum disorders).

Dans le contexte de raréfaction de la ressource en eau, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte le caractère de tolérance à la sécheresse dans les programmes d’amélioration variétale, en particulier pour les porte-greffes de vigne. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser, à l’échelle de la plante entière, le déterminisme génétique des effets du porte-greffe sur les réponses de la tranpiration et de la croissance, au niveau de la partie aérienne, en conditions de déficit hydrique édaphique. L’étude de ces caractères complexes, soumis à une forte interaction génotype × environnement, a été conduite à partir d’une approche de génétique quantitative où ces interactions ont été intégrées par deux approches : l’utilisation des paramètres de courbes de réponses comme caractère quantitatif et la mise en oeuvre d’une analyse QTL pluriannuelle. Une population de type F1, issu du croisement Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon × Vitis riparia Gloire de Montpellier, constituée de 138 individus, a été cartographiée génétiquement avec des marqueurs microsatellites. Cette descendance a été ensuite phénotypée en position de porte-greffe, avec un greffon unique. A partir de cet outil, des QTL ont été recherchés et identifiés pour la transpiration, l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau et la plasticité de la transpiration induite par le porte-greffe, ainsi que pour plusieurs paramètres de la croissance et de l’allocation de la biomasse au sein de la plante entière. La plasticité de la transpiration réponse à l’état hydrique du substrat est déterminée génétiquement par des régions distinctes des autres caractères descriptifs de la consommation en eau. La colocalisation de gènes candidats dans les intervalles de confiance des QTL, impliqués dans la signalisation chimique (ABA) ou hydraulique (aquaporines) permet de formuler des hypothèses sur la signalisation porte-greffe/ greffon en condition de déficit hydrique. Des régions spécifiques du génome paraissent contrôler la croissance et la vigueur conférée par le porte-greffe en conditions de déficit hydrique. Ces régions sont également indépendantes de celles contrôlant la transpiration ou l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau. Ce résultat permet d’envisager un travail de sélection pour ces deux catégories de caractères de manière indépendante / In the water scarcity context with the global climate change, drought tolerance must be taken into account in crop genetic improvement program, particularly for grapevine rootstocks. The objective of this thesis was to analyse at the whole plant level, the genetic determinism of rootstock effect on the transpiration and growth of the scion, under edaphic water deficit conditions. The study of these complex traits, submitted to a strong genotype × environment interaction, was performed with a quantitative genetic approach. Genotype × environment interactions were integrated with two methods: first, using response curve to an environmental variable for detecting QTL, and secondly, to combine data in a multi-environment QTL analysis. The pedigree population consisted of 138 F1 individuals derived from the interspecific cross of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon × Vitis riparia Gloire de Montpellier. This family was mapped with single sequence repeats (SSR) markers. This population was assessed as rootstock, so every genotype was grafted with the same scion. Then, QTL were detected for transpiration, water use efficiency and transpiration plasticity induced by rootstock, and for growth and biomass allocation inside the whole plant. Transpiration plasticity was represented as a function of substrate water status and was genetically determined with distinct genome regions from the other traits related to water consumption. Candidate genes involved in hormonal (ABA) or hydraulic (aquaporins) signaling between rootstock and scion, under water deficit conditions, were localized in the QTL confidence interval. Some specific genome regions were involved in growth and confered vigour genetic determinism under water deficit conditions. These regions were also different from those identified for transpiration or water use efficiency. This result allows a further selection process for these two traits groups independently.

La "chirurgie éveillée du cerveau" consiste à retirer des tumeurs cérébrales infiltrantes (gliomes de bas grade, GIBG) à progression lente chez un patient éveillé. Une cartographie anatomo-fonctionnelle du cerveau est réalisée par stimulation électrique directe (SED) des zones proches de la tumeur afin de discriminer les aires cérébrales fonctionnelles de celles qui ne le sont plus. Les effets inhibiteurs de la stimulation sont mis en évidence par les tests neuropsychologiques réalisés par le patient lors de la chirurgie. Cependant, la SED est paramétrée de manière totalement empirique bien qu’utilisée de façon standardisée. De plus, si ses effets comportementaux sont mis en avant, ses effets électrophysiologiques restent plus méconnus. La conservation de la relation entre électrophysiologie (potentiel évoqué, PE) et comportement (fonction) est cruciale lors de chirurgies des GIBG : l’analyse des PE en temps réel permettrait une identification de ces relations au cours même de la chirurgie.Pour cela, nous avons réalisé des enregistrements peropératoires de l’activité électro-corticographique (ECoG) du cortex (CPP, n° ID-RCB : 2015-A00056-43). L’étude de ces enregistrements a permis de mesurer les effets electrophysiologiques de la SED corticale et sous-corticale, en évaluant la réponse du cerveau à la stimulation au travers des PE. Une chaine d'acquisition spécifique à la mesure de l'ECoG a été développée afin de pouvoir à terme mesurer et visualiser les PE en temps réel. De plus, un algorithme de post-traitement a été implémenté afin de réduire la contamination du signal par l’artefact de stimulation.Mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à la SED, notamment au travers de la mesure des réponses électrophysiologiques, doit permettre de proposer des protocoles peropératoires plus objectifs afin d'améliorer la planification chirurgicale et la qualité de vie des patients. / The ‘Awake brain surgery’ consists in removing some slow-growing infiltrative brain tumor (low grade glioma, LGG) in a patient, to delay its development while preserving the functions. An anatomo-functional mapping of the brain is performed by electrically stimulating brain areas near the tumor to discriminate functional versus nonfunctional areas. The inhibitory effects of this direct electrical stimulation (DES) are evidenced by the neuropsychological tests undergone by the patient during the tumor resection. However, the DES parameters are empirically set even though its use is standardised. Moreover, even if its behavioural effects are well known, its electrophysiological effects have been partially depicted.Preserving the relationship between electrophysiology (evoked potential, EP) and behaviour (function) is crucial in LGG surgery.Intra-operative electrocorticographic recordings (ECoG) of the brain activity were thus performed (CPP, n° ID-RCB : 2015-A00056-43). The electrophysiological effects of cortical and subcortical DES on brain activity have been highlighted, by assessing the response of the brain to the stimulation through EP recordings analysis. A new acquisition set-up has also been specifically developed for ECoG recordings in order to measure and eventually visualise the EP in real-time. Furthermore, a post-processing algorithm has been implemented to reduce the signal disturbances induced by the stimulation artefact.A better understanding of the underlying DES mechanisms, in particular through the measurement of electrophysiological responses, should enable designing more perfected protocols in order to improve the surgical planning, and quality of life of the patients.

數年來台灣金控公司已如雨後春筍般冒出來，在金控公司底下含有產險公司、銀行、證券以及人壽公司等許多金融相關公司，因此，原本各自擺放於各子公司的資料庫可以通通整合在一起，當高階主管想提出決策時可利用資料庫進行資料採礦，以獲取有用的資訊。然而資料採礦的效果再怎麼神奇，也必須先有一個好的、完整的資料庫供使用，如果資料品質太差或者資料內容與研究目標無關，這是無法達成完美的資料採礦工作。 透過抽樣調查與函數映射的方法使得資料庫得以加值，因此當有目標資料庫與輔助資料庫時，可以利用函數映射方法使資料庫整合為一個大資料庫，再將資料庫中遺失值或稀少值作插補得到增值後的資料庫。在此給予這個整個流程一個名詞 ”Data SPA(Data Systematic Purifying Analysis)”，即「資料純化」。在本研究中，主要就是針對純化完成的資料進行結構的確認，確認經過這些過程之後的資料是效用且正確的。在本研究採用了橫向評估、縱向評估與全面性評估三種方法來檢驗資料。 資料純化後的資料經過三項評估後，可以發現資料以每個變數或者每筆觀察樣本的角度去查驗資料時，資料的表現並不理想，但是，資料的整體性卻是相當不錯。雖然以橫向評估和縱向評估來看，資料純化後的資料無法與原本完整的資料完全一致，但是透過資料純化的過程，資料得以插補且欄位得以擴增，這樣使得資料的資訊量增加，所以，資料純化確實有其效果，因為資訊量的增加對於要進行資料採礦的資料庫是一大助益。 / For the past few years, Taiwan has experienced a tremendous growth in its financial industry namely in banks, life and property insurances, brokerages and security firms. Needless to say the need to store the data produced in this industry has become an important and a primary task to accomplish. Originally, firms store the data in their own database. With the progressive development of data management, the data now can be combined and stored into one large database that allows the users an easy access for data retrieval. However, if the quality of the data is questionable, then the existence of database would not provide much insightful information to the users. To tackle the fore mentioned problem, this research uses functional mapping combining the goal and auxiliary database and then imputes the missing data or the rare data from the combined database. This whole process is called Data Systematic Purifying Analysis (Data SPA). The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether there is any improvement of the structure of the data when the data has gone through the process of systematic purifying analysis. Generally the resulting data should be within good quality and useful. After the assessments of the data structure, the behavior of the data with respect to their added variables and observations is unsatisfactory. However the manifestation of the data as a whole has seen an improvement. The modified database through Data SPA has augmented the database making it more efficient to the usage of data mining techniques.