Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a revisão do clássico procedimento geodésico, adotado pela DSG - Diretoria do Serviço Geográfico do Exército, para o cálculo do transporte de coordenadas geográficas-geodésicas dos vértices da rede fundamental implantados no Brasil entre 1940 e 1970, antes do surgimento das técnicas de posicionamento. Neste trabalho, uma aplicação prática do método foi desenvolvida, empregando-o na solução de um problema específico da projeção cartográfica UTM, que é o transporte de coordenadas na passagem do limite entre fusos. Para isto foi escolhida uma área localizada na divisa entre os municípios de São Carlos e Ibaté no Estado de São Paulo, atravessada pelo meridiano de 48º, limite entre os fusos 22 e 23 desta projeção. Na área implantou-se duas bases geodésicas determinadas através de técnicas de observação do Sistema de Posicionamento Global, sendo uma base posicionada no fuso 22 e outra no fuso 23. Inicialmente, entre estas bases, desenvolveu-se uma poligonal de adensamento constituída de 7 vértices, que teve seus lados e ângulos observados com estação total, possibilitando o cálculo de suas coordenadas geográficas-geodésicas pelo método clássico em pauta. Numa segunda etapa do trabalho, foram observados com receptores GPS de uma freqüência, os 8 vetores relativos aos lados da poligonal de adensamento, empregando o método diferencial estático. Cada um dos 7 vértices da poligonal teve suas coordenadas geográficas-geodésicas determinadas por pós-processamento, permitindo a comparação entre os resultados obtidos nos dois procedimentos utilizados. Na etapa final, comparando-se os resultados obtidos pelos dois diferentes métodos, pode-se verificar que apesar da técnica em desuso empregada pelo método clássico, ela conduziu os cálculos com o rigor e aproximação adequados, produzindo coordenadas de valores significativamente próximos aos valores determinados pela mais avançada tecnologia empregada nos dias atuais que é a tecnologia GPS. / The main objective of this job, is a review about the classic mathematical proceedings applied to the polygonals which cross the fuses limits of the Universal Traverse of Mercator projection. In this cases, the poligonal begin to be measured in a baseline located in a private fuse and finishs in a different baseline located in the next fuse, where the coordinates are refered to a different origin. In this conditions, the rules of UTM projection defines a range of 30 minutes over the fuse limit, where the coordinates can be calculated either in the first or int the second fuse. However, there are specials situations where the polygonals has a baseline for ending so far over this 30 minutes range. In this cases, the mathematical proceeding is to calculate the transportation of geodetic-coordinates in the ellipsoid obtaining the latitude \'fi\' and the longitude \'lâmbda\' for all points in the polygonal and after, making the transformation, observing in which fuse each point is positioned, to get the UTM planned coordinates. The Global Positioning System will be used in this job to do the control over the classic measurements and over the classic calculated coordinates, offering conditions to the comparison between them.

<p>Controlling bacterial infections with antibiotics is central to modern health care. However, increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics threatens effective therapy. This thesis concerns the use of the antibiotic fusidic acid, and novel analogues of fusidic acid, to treat topical infections caused by the bacterial pathogen <i>Staphylococcu aureus</i>. It also addresses genetic mechanisms by which <i>S. aureus</i> develops resistance to fusidic acid.</p><p>Pre-clinical microbiological tests were made on two structurally different groups of fusidic acid analogues developed by Leo Pharma. These drugs were tested against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> strains, measuring MIC, <i>in vitro</i> concentration-dependent bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic effects, and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy in clearing topical infections. We developed a new superficial skin infection animal model (the ‘tape-stripping model’) designed for testing topical antibiotics, including the novel fusidic acid analogues, against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. pyogenes</i>. Some new compounds giving promising results will be further tested and developed by Leo Pharma. </p><p>Fusidic acid inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor EF-G on the ribosome. Previously described resistance mechanisms are mutations in the gene coding for EF-G (<i>fusA</i>), or, in some strains, the presence of a gene (<i>fusB, fusC</i> or <i>fusD</i>) coding for a protein that protects EF-G from fusidic acid.</p><p>We discovered two novel classes of spontaneous FusR mutants in <i>S. aureus</i> with the small colony variant (SCV) phenotype which is associated with persistent infections. The FusR SCV’s are very frequent, slow growing, cross-resistant to aminoglycosides, and auxotrophic for hemin or menadione. Some of the FusR SCV mutations are in structural domain V of EF-G (classic <i>fusA</i> mutations map overwhelmingly in domain III). The remaining FusR SCV’s are unmapped but their additive effect on MIC together with the <i>fusB</i> plasmid suggests the possibility that their mechanism of resistance is also associated with the translation machinery. </p>

Controlling bacterial infections with antibiotics is central to modern health care. However, increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics threatens effective therapy. This thesis concerns the use of the antibiotic fusidic acid, and novel analogues of fusidic acid, to treat topical infections caused by the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcu aureus. It also addresses genetic mechanisms by which S. aureus develops resistance to fusidic acid. Pre-clinical microbiological tests were made on two structurally different groups of fusidic acid analogues developed by Leo Pharma. These drugs were tested against S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes strains, measuring MIC, in vitro concentration-dependent bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic effects, and in vivo efficacy in clearing topical infections. We developed a new superficial skin infection animal model (the ‘tape-stripping model’) designed for testing topical antibiotics, including the novel fusidic acid analogues, against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Some new compounds giving promising results will be further tested and developed by Leo Pharma. Fusidic acid inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor EF-G on the ribosome. Previously described resistance mechanisms are mutations in the gene coding for EF-G (fusA), or, in some strains, the presence of a gene (fusB, fusC or fusD) coding for a protein that protects EF-G from fusidic acid. We discovered two novel classes of spontaneous FusR mutants in S. aureus with the small colony variant (SCV) phenotype which is associated with persistent infections. The FusR SCV’s are very frequent, slow growing, cross-resistant to aminoglycosides, and auxotrophic for hemin or menadione. Some of the FusR SCV mutations are in structural domain V of EF-G (classic fusA mutations map overwhelmingly in domain III). The remaining FusR SCV’s are unmapped but their additive effect on MIC together with the fusB plasmid suggests the possibility that their mechanism of resistance is also associated with the translation machinery.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 663-670).

This thesis designs, and partially implements, an architecture for running an embedded Linux application on a regular PC, without access to the target device. This thesis shows how a standard Linux User space filesystem, in the right environment, can be used to emulate the most common User space GPIO interface in Linux, SysFS. Furthermore, this thesis sets up a template for how this architecture can be used to run both the embedded application and an application emulating the connected hardware.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3206_1.pdf: 2192848 bytes, checksum: a287d32550b087e7e9d0890e71b7c07b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Faculdade de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco / RESUMO O constante crescimento da quantidade de dados armazenados em computadores trouxe a necessidade de assegurar a integridade e a confiabilidade dessas informa¸c oes. Dessa forma, princ´&#305;pios como os do Write-Once Read-Many (WORM) podem ser aplicados para reduzir o risco associado _ à perda de informações involuntariamente. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de arquivos WORM, o WFS, implementado a partir da infraestrutura FUSE. Este sistema fornece os recursos fundamentais WORM, por exemplo, não permitindo que os arquivos e diret´orios sejam renomeados ou removidos ou que haja a utilização de comandos de superusuário. O WFS possui o foco em usuários domésticos, que precisam armazenar dados como e-mails, fotos, músicas, sem um alto investimento financeiro. Como principais requisitos do sistema desenvolvido, podemos citar: ser código-livre; atender a usuários sem privilégios de administração; ser instalado e configurado facilmente; apresentar desempenho satisfatório; possibilitar uma forma alternativa de modifica ção e de remoção; permitir o gerenciamento dos dados de forma simples. Por fim, uma avaliação de desempenho foi realizada com o objetivo de reduzir a perda de desempenho em relação ao Ext3. Para tal, técnicas de experimento fatorial 2k foram utilizadas. Ficou constatado que, para a carga de teste utilizada, o WFS introduziu uma perda de desempenho inferior a 12% quando comparado ao Ext3 não-WORM

Structural fuses are ductile elements of a structure that are designed to yield and protect the surrounding members from damage, and then be replaceable after a major seismic event. A promising type of seismic structural fuse consists of a steel plate with engineered cutouts leaving a configuration of shear-acting links remaining. There have been several studies on various cutout patterns for shear-acting structural fuses including butterfly-shaped links, hourglass-shaped links, elliptical holes, and link shapes obtained from topology optimization. In most cases, the links are designed to undergo flexural yielding as it is believed to exhibit more ductility than other limit states. However, computational and experimental studies on the shear yielding limit state are limited. Additionally, the transition between shear dominated and flexural dominated limit states has not been previously investigated. Hence, a systematic and thorough study on the different limit states of these structural fuse shapes is necessary to provide better understanding on the structural behavior of each shape and accurately predict the controlling limit state during a seismic event. In addition, a previous study recognized that delaying shear buckling while promoting yielding is a way to improve the seismic performance of shear-acting structural fuses. However, the resulting new topologies were not experimentally validated. Furthermore, the computational study revealed that large localized plastic strain is one major challenge for these optimized configurations which might lead to potential for fracture. With the goals of filling the gaps in previous research, a computational and experimental program was conducted to (1) understand seismic performance of five structural fuse shapes, (2) develop a new ductile structural fuse shape with both buckling and fracture resistance, and (3) create design guidelines for practical design. This study consisted of the following parts (a) Creation of a new structural fuse shape called the Tied Butterfly Shape, (b) An experimental program with 20 specimens categorized into five groups including the shape created using topology optimization to resist buckling, the new shape called Tied Butterfly Shape, the butterfly shape, the hourglass shape and the elliptical holes, (c) Use of finite element models to better understand and interpret test data, (d) Two computational parametric studies conducted to investigate the effect of geometrical parameters on structural behavior of the optimized shape and Tied Butterfly Shape, (e) Development of design recommendations for each structural fuse shape. The computational and experimental results reported in this dissertation demonstrate that these structural fuse shapes are capable of improving the seismic performance of buildings. The presented design recommendations allow designers and researchers to continue exploring these structural fuse shapes. / Doctor of Philosophy / Structural fuses are ductile elements of a structure that are designed to yield and protect the surrounding members from damage, and then be replaceable after a major seismic event. Several studies on various cutout patterns for shear-acting structural fuses including butterfly-shaped links, hourglass-shaped links, elliptical holes, and link shapes obtained from topology optimization, reported that they offer several advantages for use in structural systems. Nevertheless, systematic studies on key limit states of these structural fuse shapes are limited. In addition, some analytical results have not been validated by experiments. The research work provides a comprehensive study on these structural fuse shapes. First, generalized design equations are derived using plastic mechanism analysis and key limit states of these structural fuse shapes are investigated. Second, an experimental program was conducted to further understand the cyclic behavior of these shapes associated with each limit state (i.e flexural yielding, shear yielding, lateral torsional buckling, transition between the flexural and shear yielding limit states). Then, nonlinear finite element modeling was implemented to validate against experimental results and provide better understanding of the behavior of the specimens which is not obvious during the test. Lastly, design recommendations are developed for each structural fuse shape.

O padrão respiratório é dividido em 4 fases: pré-inspiração (PrI), inspiração (I), pós-inspiração ou fase 1 da expiração (PI/E1) e a expiração ativa (E2), que são moduladas por áreas encefálicas. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o envolvimento dessa região no controle da atividade PrI e PI em ratos Wistar adultos (270-320 g, n = 5/grupo). Foram registradas a pressão arterial média (PAM), atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos genioglosso (GGEMG), diafragma (DiaEMG) e abdominal (AbdEMG) e a atividade elétrica do nervo vago em ratos ventilados artificialmente e anestesiados com uretano. A injeção unilateral de NMDA (5 pmol/50 nl) no pFRG/RTN de animais anestesiados foi capaz de promover um aumento da PAM (13 ± 6 mmHg), da atividade elétrica dos músculos GGEMG (21 ± 3%), do DiaEMG (25 ± 5%), além de gerar a atividade expiratória observada no registro da atividade do AbdEMG. Adicionalmente, a estimulação do pFRG/RTN promoveu um aumento da atividade pós-inspiratória (57 ± 9%). A injeção bilateral de muscimol na região de KF eliminou a atividade do GGEMG (2 ± 2%), mas apenas reduziu a atividade do DiaEMG (12 ± 2%) e do AbdEMG (111 ± 13%) induzida pela injeção de NMDA no RTN. Além disso, a inibição da região do KF foi capaz de eliminar o aumento da atividade do GGEMG (6 ± 4 vs. salina: 47 ± 9%) após a hipercapnia (10% CO2). A injeção de muscimol no KF apenas reduziu a atividade do DiaEMG (25 ± 6 vs. salina: 43 ± 8%) e a atividade do AbdEMG (213 ± 23 vs. salina: 335 ± 18%) induzidas pela hipercapnia. Nossos resultados mostram que a região do pFRG/RTN, além de estar envolvida no controle da atividade I e E2, tem uma participação na geração da atividade pré e pós-inspiratória e que essas respostas respiratórias são moduladas pela atividade de KF. / Breathing pattern is divided into 4 phases: pre-inspiration (PrI), inspiration (I), post-inspiration or first phase of expiration (PI/E1) and the active expiration (E2), and this phases are controlled by the central nervous system . Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of this region in the control of PrI and PI activity in adult male Wistar rats (270-320 g, n = 5/group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), the electromyographic activity of the genioglossus muscles (GGEMG), diaphragm (DiaEMG) and abdominal (AbdEMG) and the electrical activity of the vagus nerve were recorded in rats artificially ventilated and urethane anesthetized. Unilateral injection of NMDA (5 pmol/50 nl) in the pFRG/RTN of anesthetized animals was able to produce an increase in MAP (13 ± 6 mmHg), GGEMG (21 ± 3%), DiaEMG (25 ± 5%), and elicit an expiratory activity in the AbdEMG. In addition, pFRG/RTN stimulation increase post-inspiratory activity (57 ± 9%). Bilateral injection of muscimol (100 pmol/50 nl) into the KF eliminated the GGEMG (2 ± 2%), but only reduced the DiaEMG (12 ± 2%) and AbdEMG (111 ± 13%) induced by NMDA injection into the pFRG/RTN. Muscimol bilaterally into the KF was able to eliminate GGEMG (6 ± 4 vs. saline: 47 ± 9%) after hypercapnia (10% CO2). Muscimol into the KF reduced the DiaEMG (25 ± 6 vs. saline: 43 ± 8%) and AbdEMG (213 ± 23 vs. saline: 335 ± 18%) produced by hypercapnia. The results of the present study showed for the first time that the pFRG/RTN region it is not only involved in the control of inspiration and expiration, but shows to have a role in the pre- and post-inspiratory activity. Moreover, our work also presents evidence that these respiratory responses are modulated by KF network.

[pt] Na execução de workflows científicos distribuídos, a principal forma de passar os dados entre os nós de execução do workflow é utilizando arquivos. Quando os arquivos são grandes, uma parte considerável do tempo de execução do workflow é gasto transferindo os arquivos entre o servidor de armazenamento compartilhado e os nós de execução. Este trabalho propõe uma estratégia de transferência de arquivos diretamente entre os nós de execução, antecipando as necessidades da próxima etapa do workflow e diminuindo a sobrecarga com tráfego dos arquivos para os servidores de armazenamento. O trabalho analisa cenários em que a estratégia se mostra vantajosa e em quais não. / [en] For distributed scientific workflows the main method of sharing data between the execution nodes is through files. When those files are large, a substantial portion of the workflow s execution time is spent transferring the files between the storage server and the execution nodes. This work proposes a strategy for transfering the files directly between the execution nodes, antecipating the requirements of the next step of the workflow and lowering the overhead from transfering the files to and of the storage server. This dissertation analises scenarios in which this strategy shows to be advantajous and in which it doesn t.

O padrão respiratório é dividido em 4 fases: pré-inspiração (PrI), inspiração (I), pós-inspiração ou fase 1 da expiração (PI/E1) e a expiração ativa (E2), que são moduladas por áreas encefálicas. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o envolvimento dessa região no controle da atividade PrI e PI em ratos Wistar adultos (270-320 g, n = 5/grupo). Foram registradas a pressão arterial média (PAM), atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos genioglosso (GGEMG), diafragma (DiaEMG) e abdominal (AbdEMG) e a atividade elétrica do nervo vago em ratos ventilados artificialmente e anestesiados com uretano. A injeção unilateral de NMDA (5 pmol/50 nl) no pFRG/RTN de animais anestesiados foi capaz de promover um aumento da PAM (13 ± 6 mmHg), da atividade elétrica dos músculos GGEMG (21 ± 3%), do DiaEMG (25 ± 5%), além de gerar a atividade expiratória observada no registro da atividade do AbdEMG. Adicionalmente, a estimulação do pFRG/RTN promoveu um aumento da atividade pós-inspiratória (57 ± 9%). A injeção bilateral de muscimol na região de KF eliminou a atividade do GGEMG (2 ± 2%), mas apenas reduziu a atividade do DiaEMG (12 ± 2%) e do AbdEMG (111 ± 13%) induzida pela injeção de NMDA no RTN. Além disso, a inibição da região do KF foi capaz de eliminar o aumento da atividade do GGEMG (6 ± 4 vs. salina: 47 ± 9%) após a hipercapnia (10% CO2). A injeção de muscimol no KF apenas reduziu a atividade do DiaEMG (25 ± 6 vs. salina: 43 ± 8%) e a atividade do AbdEMG (213 ± 23 vs. salina: 335 ± 18%) induzidas pela hipercapnia. Nossos resultados mostram que a região do pFRG/RTN, além de estar envolvida no controle da atividade I e E2, tem uma participação na geração da atividade pré e pós-inspiratória e que essas respostas respiratórias são moduladas pela atividade de KF. / Breathing pattern is divided into 4 phases: pre-inspiration (PrI), inspiration (I), post-inspiration or first phase of expiration (PI/E1) and the active expiration (E2), and this phases are controlled by the central nervous system . Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of this region in the control of PrI and PI activity in adult male Wistar rats (270-320 g, n = 5/group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), the electromyographic activity of the genioglossus muscles (GGEMG), diaphragm (DiaEMG) and abdominal (AbdEMG) and the electrical activity of the vagus nerve were recorded in rats artificially ventilated and urethane anesthetized. Unilateral injection of NMDA (5 pmol/50 nl) in the pFRG/RTN of anesthetized animals was able to produce an increase in MAP (13 ± 6 mmHg), GGEMG (21 ± 3%), DiaEMG (25 ± 5%), and elicit an expiratory activity in the AbdEMG. In addition, pFRG/RTN stimulation increase post-inspiratory activity (57 ± 9%). Bilateral injection of muscimol (100 pmol/50 nl) into the KF eliminated the GGEMG (2 ± 2%), but only reduced the DiaEMG (12 ± 2%) and AbdEMG (111 ± 13%) induced by NMDA injection into the pFRG/RTN. Muscimol bilaterally into the KF was able to eliminate GGEMG (6 ± 4 vs. saline: 47 ± 9%) after hypercapnia (10% CO2). Muscimol into the KF reduced the DiaEMG (25 ± 6 vs. saline: 43 ± 8%) and AbdEMG (213 ± 23 vs. saline: 335 ± 18%) produced by hypercapnia. The results of the present study showed for the first time that the pFRG/RTN region it is not only involved in the control of inspiration and expiration, but shows to have a role in the pre- and post-inspiratory activity. Moreover, our work also presents evidence that these respiratory responses are modulated by KF network.