OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of three different veneering porcelains fired over CP Titanium and a CAD/CAM ceramic cemented to CP Titanium. METHODS: Sixty-four bars of CP Titanium grade II (25±1x 3±0.5x 0.5±0.05 mm) were divided randomly into four groups: Group 1: Titankeramik (Vita Zahnfabrik), Group 2: Triceram (Dentaurum), Group 3: Initial Ti (GC), and Group 4: MKII blocks (Vita). Each veneer porcelain (groups 1-3) was applied with dimensions limited to 8x3x1mm and fired on CP Ti bars following the manufacturer’s instructions and ISO 9693 recommendations. Group 4, Vita Mark II blocks were sectioned into sixteen bars (8x3x1mm) and cemented with Multilink Implant cement (Ivoclar) on CP Ti bars. Fifteen specimens from each group were tested for bond strength by Schwickerath crack initiation test (ISO 9693) using an Instron machine; the mode of failure and bond interface was evaluated by SEM / EDS. RESULTSs: The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey ≤ 0.05. Group 4 is significantly higher than the other groups. Group 1 is significantly higher than group 3, but similar to group 2. SEM/EDS analysis reveals that the modes of failure for groups 1 - 4 are a mixture of adhesive, mixed, and cohesive failures. CONCLUSION: Cementing a milled ceramic to CP Ti produces bond strength significantly greater than conventional veneering porcelains. / 2018-09-28T00:00:00Z

This work explores how the idea of collage as ”components put together to create a new whole” can be used in the creation of garments and visual expressions in fashion design. As collage in fashion often is reduced to mere decoration in e.g. print design added to predetermined shapes, this work wishes to have the collage be the dominant factor in the creation of the garments in this collection. By two-dimensional material collages this exploration aims to investigate composition of material, colour, surfaces and shapes in dress. The technique of fusing is used to attach the different materials to each other using the material Vliesofix and heat. The garments are created flat with the possibility to enter in-between the layers of the materials and give shape on the body. By collaging with materials this work tries to bring the creation of material and construction closer together in the design process as well as bring the sketch closer to the final result by sketching directly in the material. The potential of having the material development be present in all the design steps is that it creates a greater relation between the material and shape. The result is a collection of eight outfits proposing new ways of constructing garments at the same time as exploring materials and the technique of fusing. The garments are somewhere in-between sketches and final results and the collection can be looked upon as a fashion collection or as a series of examples of possible outcomes from working with this method.

This study is to improve the coupling efficiency between 980nm high-power pump laser diode and single-mode fiber. In this study, we use the third generation of fiber grinding machine which is designed by Cheng Shiu University, professor Ying-Chien Tsai. This machine is fully automatic. we use it to fabricate the hyperbola microlenses. The advantages about hyperbola microlenses structure are a single-step fabrication, grinding steps to simplify, reduce the grinding time and will greatly reduce the offset of fiber. In the fusing procedure, the slight arc fusion was mainly applied for fine polishing merely instead of reshaping for the reason that the fabricated hyperbola fiber endface was very close to the ideal shape. The fabrication reproducibility and yield increase, and can reduce the cost of grinding. The fiber end shape is similar to the math on the hyperboloid, and the length of the axis of the hyperboloid profile shows a hyperbola. By mathematical properties of hyperbola, we derivation the parameter of radius of curvature for hyperbola microlenses. The definition of the radius of curvature of the hyperbolic vertex and the mode field diameter (the MFD) = 4.2£gm point of intersection with the hyperbola, the characteristics of the formation of this three o'clock round the curvature is the radius of curvature we have said. The radius of curvature (R) is a semi-consistent axial length (a) and two progressive line angle (£c) function, it means we can through the control of ¡§a¡¨ and £c to control the R, but £c is fixed after grinding process. So we choose control parameter ¡§a¡¨ by fusing process, via control ¡§a¡¨ to achieve the purpose of the control R. By various fusing parameters to adjust the gain of ¡§a¡¨, we can control the R in an ideal 2.6-2.8£gm. This process indeed improves the coupling efficiency. This method gives a low offset of the fiber it easier for more than 80%. And larger offset of the fiber by this method can achieve to 70% even 80%.

We have a tendency to want to sort our surroundings, we set things against each other, value them and place them in a hierarchical order.Where something goes up, something else goes down.We attribute different properties to materials, techniques and spaces and load them with values. Our perception of the environment is based on a collective construction. Textiles are sorted among the home, women and decoration while glass is associated with exclusivity, traditional masculine craftsmanship and architecture.Where something goes up, something else goes down.Textile can be defined as material, like fiber, or as technique, like weaving, knitting, sewing. Threads that together form a composition by running over and under each other.Where something goes up, something else goes downCan I disrupt the hierarchical order between textile and glass by merging them? Because, I would like to change our view of how we can use textiles in a spatial context.My experience is that textiles in spatial and architectural contexts are often something added afterwards to adjust things that the building process has not considered. But other materials such as glass have an obvious position as part of the definition of space.

Deformable image registration (DIR) is a type of registration that calculates a deformable vector field (DVF) between two image data sets and permits contour and dose propagation. However the calculation of a DVF is considered an ill-posed problem, as there is no exact solution to a deformation problem, therefore all DVFs calculated contain errors. As a result it is important to evaluate and assess the accuracy and limitations of any DIR algorithm intended for clinical use. The influence of image quality on the DIR algorithms performance was also evaluated. The hybrid DIR algorithm in RayStation 4.0.1.4 was assessed using a number of evaluation methods and data. The evaluation methods were point of interest (POI) propagation, contour propagation and dose measurements. The data types used were phantom and patient data. A number of metrics were used for quantitative analysis and visual inspection was used for qualitative analysis. The quantitative and qualitative results indicated that all DVFs calculated by the DIR algorithm contained errors which translated into errors in the propagated contours and propagated dose. The results showed that the errors were largest for small contour volumes (<20cm3) and for large anatomical volume changes between the image sets, which pushes the algorithms ability to deform, a significant decrease in accuracy was observed for anatomical volume changes of greater than 10%. When the propagated contours in the head and neck were used for planning the errors in the DVF were found to cause under dosing to the target tumour by up to 32% and over dosing to the organs at risk (OAR) by up to 12% which is clinically significant. The results also indicated that the image quality does not have a significant effect on the DIR algorithms calculations. Dose measurements indicated errors in the DVF calculations that could potentially be clinically significant. The results indicate that contour propagation and dose propagation must be used with caution if clinical use is intended. For clinical use contour propagation requires evaluation of every propagated contour by an expert user and dose propagation requires thorough evaluation of the DVF.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJACCM.pdf: 4471665 bytes, checksum: 3f40b893329a3cc6e82e6da610b684ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / This study intend to tematizar the application of new class actions, having as focus the mining unionism, represented for the Union of the Eletricitários of Minas Gerais (Sindieletro). Here two collective actions intitled unionism had been analyzed citizen and fusing of unions. Faced as accomplishments of unionism CUT, the union citizen and the fusing of unions are enrolled as class actions in search of conquests, under a more optimistical perspective, of spaces of performance and social integration, or attempt of maintenance, for a more pessimistic optics, of the old profits. The creation of other forms of collective action, diverse of the traditional ones, made possible the construction of a unionism that started to search with frequency the participation in institutional spaces until then little usual, the diversification of the in such a way national agenda as internationally. The search for partnerships with other social movements and organizations, allowed the Unions, between them the Sindieletro, the unification of regionais/locais politics through programs of work generation and income, offers of courses of professional qualification and cultural formation, support to other movements you beat and cooperatives. The fusing of unions is based as another modality of class action. In contrast of the practical citizens, the fusing reveals to more radical and modifies proposals of all the administrative structure of the involved entities in the process. The fusing of the Sindieletro with the Sindelt, was perhaps, one of the examples most succeeded of job of this class action in Brazil. However it still continues being ripened day the day. The creation/introduction of new modalities of class action for the cutista unionism, as presented for the Sindieletro, in such a way needs to be tematizado and to be understood by studious syndical and the proper actors, a time that comes if placing with the center of the changes practicaldiscursive of the CUT and its associates. / Este estudo tem como tema a aplicação de novas ações coletivas, tendo como foco o sindicalismo mineiro, representado pelo Sindicato dos Eletricitários de Minas Gerais (Sindieletro). Aqui, foram analisadas duas ações coletivas, intituladas sindicalismo cidadão e fusão de sindicatos. Encaradas como realizações do sindicalismo CUT, o sindicato cidadão e a fusão de sindicatos inscrevem-se como ações coletivas em busca de conquistas, sob uma perspectiva mais otimista, de espaços de atuação e integração social, ou de tentativa de manutenção, por uma ótica mais pessimista, dos antigos ganhos. A criação de outras formas de ação coletiva, diversas das tradicionais, possibilitou a construção de um sindicalismo que passou a buscar, com freqüência, a participação em espaços institucionais até então pouco usuais, a diversificação da agenda tanto nacional como internacionalmente. A busca por parcerias com outros movimentos sociais e organizações permitiu aos Sindicatos, entre eles o Sindieletro, a unificação de políticas regionais/locais, através de programas de geração de trabalho e renda, oferta de cursos de qualificação profissional e formação cultural, apoio a outros movimentos socais e ao cooperativismo. A fusão de sindicatos assenta-se como outra modalidade de ação coletiva. Ao contrário das práticas cidadãs, as fusões mostram-se propostas mais radicais e modificadoras de toda a estrutura administrativa das entidades envolvidas no processo. A fusão do Sindieletro com o Sindelt foi, talvez, um dos exemplos mais bem sucedidos de emprego dessa ação coletiva no Brasil. Contudo ela ainda continua sendo amadurecida dia a dia. A criação/implantação de novas modalidades de ação coletiva pelo sindicalismo cutista, como apresentado pelo Sindieletro, precisa ser tematizada e compreendida por estudiosos sindicais e pelos próprios atores, uma vez que vem se colocando com o centro das mudanças prático-discursivas da CUT e de seus associados.

p. 1 - 113 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-22T19:13:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 7777777.pdf: 1232092 bytes, checksum: 7b9e08ab715c4b3409549aedd67d5395 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-22T19:13:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7777777.pdf: 1232092 bytes, checksum: 7b9e08ab715c4b3409549aedd67d5395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / As mudanças ocorridas no mercado econômico do Brasil e do mundo fizeram com que as empresas buscassem posicionamentos diferenciados perante seus concorrentes. A indústria petroquímica brasileira nos últimos oito anos começou a seguir a tendência mundial do setor de buscar a integração da cadeia produtiva. O presente trabalho tem como finalidade analisar os efeitos da fusão Copene-Braskem na relação de fornecimento de matéria-prima às empresas petroquímicas de segunda geração sob a perspectiva da teoria dos Custos de Transação. Porém torna-se necessário, para o entendimento do presente trabalho, trazer informações sobre o Ato de Concentração, seus pareceres, notas técnicas e objeções, bem como um breve apanhado da evolução da industria petroquímica brasileira e dos principais motivos que levam empresas à integração vertical. A metodologia aplicada foi exploratória, com procedimentos de estudo de caso e abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas. Os procedimentos desenvolvidos demonstraram que a empresa pesquisada no estudo de caso apresentou dados relevantes para explicar os resultados alcançados. Dentro do referido contexto, foi explicitado, através de modelos estatísticos, o comportamento dos preços de propeno, eteno e tolueno que acompanham a variação de preço de suas fontes de fabricação bem como da tarifa de energia elétrica média industrial. Comprovou-se também o aumento de custo dessas matérias-primas após o ano de 2004 e concluiu-se que ocorreu aumento do custo de transação para a empresa estudada pós fusão da Copene com a Braskem. / Salvador

The goal of this project was to develop a measuring method and software code to determine and compare the focal ratio degradation of optical fibers for two different coupling technologies. One of the couplings used a fusing technology to splice the fiber, and the other coupling used a refractive index matching technology. Also, an optical fiber without any cleaving or splicing was used as a reference. A collimated beam test was developed as a method for measuring the focal ratio degradation for these different fiber couplings, and a software code was developed to process the results of the experiment. Using the collimated beam test and software code, the focal ratio degradation was calculated and compared between the couplings, and the results clearly stated that the reference fiber had the least focal ratio degradation. The fusing technology used for splicing the fiber had in comparison the least focal ratio degradation of the two different coupling technologies. The results were as expected and therefore the developed measuring method and software were estimated to have been carried out successfully. However, improvements to the measuring method and parts of the software could be done, especially regarding the background light which was a substantial source of error. In conclusion, the goal of the project was reached. / Inom astronomisk forskning används ofta optiska fibrer som informationslänk mellan teleskop och mätinstrument, eftersom de bidrar till att mätningar blir mer tillförlitliga då vibrationer och yttre miljöfaktorer får en mindre påverkan på resultaten. Inom detta projekt undersöktes ett par olika kopplingar av optiska fibrer och deras ljusförluster inom benämningen FRD (Focal ratio degradation). En mätmetod utvecklades tillsammans med en mjukvara som användes för nödvändiga beräkningar och analyser som ledde till att FRD kunde bestämmas. Metoden som användes kallas collimated beam test och innebar att parallellt ljus skickades in i ena fiberänden, vilket genererade en ring av ljus från den andra fiberänden. Mätningarna utfördes på tre olika fiber: en fiber var klyvd och sedan sammansmält, en annan fiber var klyvd och sedan ihopkopplad med hjälp av en vätska av matchande refraktionsindex och den tredje fibern var inte klyvd och fungerade som referens. Resultaten givna av mätningarna och mjukvaran var som man hade förväntat sig; FRD var minst för referensfibern och som högst för fibern med en koppling där refraktionsindex-matchande vätska användes. Även om det finns goda möjligheter att utveckla och förbättra mätmetoden, påvisades ett godtagbart resultat och målet med projektet ansågs därför vara uppnått.

Glass has been made and used for centuries but South African artists, isolated for the last three decades, are only now becoming aware of the potential of hot or warm glass as an art medium. In antiquity glass objects were created using various processes but the 'factory' tradition began with the discovery of the blowing iron in the first century AD. The invention of the tank furnace in the late 1950s revolutionised modem production, enabling individual artists to make glass in private studios without blowing teams. The research describes ancient.. glassmaking processes and indicates how they have been explored, adapted and used by contemporary artists world wide, challenging craft orientated paradigms, and proving that glass is a viable and important sculpture medium. The practical research demonstrates the application of many processes and relates technical issues to sculptural concepts which are realized through the physical and material properties of glass. / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M.A. (Fine Art)

Glass has been made and used for centuries but South African artists, isolated for the last three decades, are only now becoming aware of the potential of hot or warm glass as an art medium. In antiquity glass objects were created using various processes but the 'factory' tradition began with the discovery of the blowing iron in the first century AD. The invention of the tank furnace in the late 1950s revolutionised modem production, enabling individual artists to make glass in private studios without blowing teams. The research describes ancient.. glassmaking processes and indicates how they have been explored, adapted and used by contemporary artists world wide, challenging craft orientated paradigms, and proving that glass is a viable and important sculpture medium. The practical research demonstrates the application of many processes and relates technical issues to sculptural concepts which are realized through the physical and material properties of glass. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Fine Art)