INSPIRATION The project is inspired by the deliberation on the significance of the vehicle’s physical movement in the future. Traditional transportation is committed to delivering people to destinations faster and more efficiently, which is a purpose-oriented result. However, with the impact of digital technology development, virtual moving (VR travel, remote work, online shopping) seems to be able to replace the need of achieving the destination physically. So, the author believes that the significance of future physical moving should pay more attention to the process, and the future vehicles are supposed to be passengers emotion-centered.The “trapped citizens” problem also inspired the author. Many citizens (including the author) in Chinese big cities suffer a full-speed regular but boring unhealthy lifestyle. They have a strong desire to travel and experience new things, but the city and their work become the border trapped them.The project aims to explore easy access to anywhere travel. And figure out how can the RV design help users enjoy more “on-road” happiness. And how to decrease the burden for both users and the environment. PROCESS Since TOYOTA is an innovative and considerate brand, which can explore new ground and aim to produce happiness for all. The author spent a lot of time on the exploration and verification of the project. After the first research and examination of relevant topics, the author planned a self-driving RV travel, so the results were further developed and worked out. The system of concept that takes place is defined in more detail based on further investigations such as scenario, benchmark, and target users. The project includes exterior design and UX design but concentrates more on interior design. In addition, an insight into the inspiration and the process of aesthetic design is described and illustrated in anime-style sketches and renderings. Then further development in 3D and VR verification was shown up in the final digital model. RESULT The result is TOYOTA QUARTER-SPEED (0.25X), which aims to explore a future shared RV service for Chinese citizens to slow down and enjoy the happiness which focuses more on the on-road journey instead of the destination. TOYOTA 0.25X system can provide a lightweight journey for citizens. The user can book the customized interior, furniture, electric appliances, and food through the app. And TOYOTA plays the role of energy supply and waste recycling. Mostly the vehicle is for short-term rent, but it also has the possibility to become a long-term motel. The TOYOTA 0.25X vehicle achieves waste-free, introduces the nature inside, and has a more compact dimension. The interior creates a quiet and peaceful atmosphere which can leave time for passengers to find happiness and connect to the world.This time no need to hurry, just slow down and enjoy the on-road happiness.

With the improvements of the vehicle technology related with connectivity, sharing, automation and electrification and as a solution to the problems that cities are facing, such as an intense population growth and pollution, there are new forms of mobility that are or will be created within the framework of the future mobility. In this context, the arrival of driverless autonomous vehicles will provoke an irreversible change supporting the implementation of new forms of mobility or improving the existent. One factor that will help to do feasible the improvement of the existent mobility is the reduction of costs due to the arrival of autonomous vehicles, what will make ondemand transportation competitive under certain circumstances when comparing costs between it and fixed route systems. This thesis studies for the case of the metro/rail corridors in the metropolitan area of Stockholm which areas are suitable to implement Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) according to urban configuration and access to transit parameters. Once the identification is done, a model to compare between two different operating strategies for feeder services is applied to obtain which one is optimal under different stages of development of the technology related with the vehicles in the fields of automation and electrification. The model used, with additions to existing ones to adapt it to the use of it to real scenarios, gives numerical results for the four considered stages, showing the importance of the travel demand and the street sinuosity on the results and selection of the optimal. The method and criteria developed contributes to have a clear identification of the areas in which the implementation of the DRT services would be feasible in a future mobility scheme.

Autonomous vehicles are predicted to disrupt the current landscape of urban mobility.Many studies have investigated how autonomous vehicles, either operated as a serviceor as private cars, could compete against public transport and even replace it. Fewerstudies have investigated how autonomous vehicles could actually be an opportunityfor the public transport sector, as a new type of offer that would cover specific needsalong traditional modes such as buses or metros.The aim of this project is to quantify the effect of replacing part of the public transportnetwork of Uppsala by demand-responsive autonomous fleets. This is achieved bybuilding a transport model based on the traditional four-step transport model andcalculating the total cost of the network both from the passenger and the operator’sperspective.The study shows that autonomous vehicles can slightly improve the performance of thenetwork and work best when combined with traditional bus lines. However, they alsoincrease the traffic and have a risk to cause congestion.

Presently, heavy-duty trucks are responsible for approximately 25% of global CO2 emissions. Although the world seems to incline towards the transport sector's electrification, the electrification of long-range freight trucks is profoundly challenging. The dominant disincentives are the required infrastructure, cost/size of batteries, limited mileage, and long charging sessions. However, despite the efforts to reduce emissions, current trends indicate that these continue to rise, mostly because of the continually increasing freight transit. Regional economies are heavily dependent on the latter. Thus, the imminent depletion of fossil fuels and the emerging environmental issues are disquieting aspects for the sustainability of this crucial sector. This thesis focuses on the possible alternative powertrain/drivetrain solutions for heavy-duty, long-range freight trucks in conjunction with sustainable energy carriers for the transportation sector overall. In terms of viable fuelling alternatives, the following are being reviewed: Electric Power, Bio-Fuels, and Synthetic Fuels, along with their current status, advantages, disadvantages and future prospects. In terms of powertrain/drivetrain alternatives, the following are being theoretically and critically evaluated and compared against a direct drive conventional Diesel engine truck (25.2% wheel efficiency): Battery Electric, Electric powered with overhead cables or underground conductive coils, combined Gas Turbine/Stirling Engine Hybrid Electric in series, combined Diesel engine/Stirling engine Hybrid Electric in series, and Diesel engine Hybrid Electric in series.  It is concluded that the best scenario for future freight trucks, is the use of an electric drivetrain/powertrain in conjunction with overhead powering cables along the highways. However, due to uncertainties in the universal realization of such infrastructure, to ensure uninterrupted transportation of goods, a plausible transitional solution could be the use of a Diesel engine/Stirling engine Hybrid Electric in series technology. This could reduce emissions/consumption by a factor of 2.4 (60% wheel efficiency). For the case of Gas turbine/Stirling engine and Diesel engine (both) Hybrid Electric in-series arrangements, this factor drops to 1.7 and 1.4 (42.9% and 34.3% wheel efficiency), respectively. Furthermore, this can be a clean and sustainable solution if biofuels are employed as the prime energy carriers. Such an approach is future-proof for use with overhead cables, since the suggested powertrain is electric, rendering a freight truck as a very versatile heavy-duty, long-range vehicle. Electro-fuels are not considered as a viable option due to their inefficient formulation, elevated costs, and problematic handling (Hydrogen).

Connected and automated vebicles (CA Vs) will shape traffic patterns in the future and greatly influence urban mobility. A particular challenge for CAVs is to anticipate the movements of other road users. This applies especially to micromobility vehicles (bicycles, smaU electric vehicles), whose traffic behaviour is difficult to predict and shaped from individual behaviour. The increasing coexistence of CAVs and other, conventionally driven modes of transport thus has a growing impact as well as multiple consequences for urban structures and public space. The following fundamental trends will shape the way people live together in cities in the coming years: 1. increasing share of CAVs and micromobility, 2. renaissance ofthe mixed and liveable city, 3. changes in mobility behaviour and the appreciation of public space ( especially due to climate change and the Covid 19-pandemic), as weil as 4. technical upgrading of infrastructure. These parallel developments will lead to both conflicts and opportunities for cities.[from Introduction]

The background to this study lies in the discrepancy between the perceptions of international student mobility in the context of the internationalisation of higher education by the EU and universities on one hand and international students themselves in terms of their motivations to study abroad on the other hand. This is a comparative study based on three main case studies, of six universities in New Zealand, Oxford University in the UK and the Charles University in the Czech Republic. It explores the students’ experiences abroad in terms of their intercultural competence, the shaping of identities, the acquisition and transfer of knowledge, the possible forming of cosmopolitan mind-sets and empathy, perceptions of employability and their future mobility aspirations. This thesis also considers the barriers and ‘push and pull’ factors of mobility, perceptions of risk and uncertainty in regards to mobility and the role of serendipity in student mobility, which has been overlooked in the literature on mobility and migration. The theoretical framework of the study builds on social capital theory, Europeanisation and the ‘do-it-yourself biography’ theory. The nature of this topic, however, suggested the employment of the concepts of globalisation, transnationalism and consideration of other forms of capital, such as the total human capital, mobility capital and transnational identity capital. This is predominantly a qualitative, mixed-method and longitudinal research project, which uses surveys, case studies, interviews and the data collecting tool called grounded theory. It triangulates data to support and enhance the analytical validity of the thesis. This research concludes that student experiences abroad as well as the internationalisation efforts of universities and the EU would benefit from the introduction of education for global citizenship, which should focus on the intercultural competencies of students. The thesis suggests sociocultural elements for example the cosmopolitan mind-set can enhance the economic, academic and political rationales of internationalisation, such as employability.

Since more and more customers switch to online purchases, the last-mile delivery problemhas created a huge burden on companies and cities. The increasing parcel delivery leads toextra operational costs in logistics and congestion in cities. IKEA, the furniture retailcompany, is going to propose a project – IKEA Urban Multi Hub to solve this problem byallowing customers to carry back orders themselves. This study collaborates with IKEA toinvestigate and formulate a robust hub that customers are willing to visit. The aim of thisresearch is to identify appropriate locations for the hub and possible future mobility that thehub should provide. Moreover, develop concepts and strategies for two cities - Shanghai cityand New York City.Research and customer interview were fundamental parts of this project. The research partincludes literature review and background that helps to preliminary clarify urban conditions,possible future mobility, and travel behavior. The customer interview part investigatescustomers’ preferences in two selected cities which helps to realize their needs and gaininspiration. The results showed that clustering with metro stations and providingautonomous mobility may create a smooth customer self-delivery experience for IKEA UrbanMulti Hub. Besides, cooperating with logistic companies can reduce the operation risk of theHub and strengthen the business model. Further concepts and strategies developed for twoselected cities are described in the thesis.