Braunschweig, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2000.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Osnabrück. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2003.

Les sites apuriniques/apyrimidiniques (AP) sont des sites de l’ADN hautement mutagène. Les dommages au niveau de ces sites peuvent survenir spontanément ou être induits par une variété d’agents. Chez l’humain, les sites AP sont réparés principalement par APE1, une enzyme de réparation de l’ADN qui fait partie de la voie de réparation par excision de base (BER). APE1 est une enzyme multifonctionnelle; c’est une AP endonucléase, 3’-diestérase et un facteur redox impliqué dans l’activation des facteurs de transcription. Récemment, il a été démontré qu’APE1 interagit avec l’enzyme glycolytique GAPDH. Cette interaction induit l’activation d’APE1 par réduction. En outre, la délétion du gène GAPDH sensibilise les cellules aux agents endommageant l’ADN, induit une augmentation de formation spontanée des sites AP et réduit la prolifération cellulaire. A partir de toutes ces données, il était donc intéressant d’étudier l’effet de la délétion de GAPDH sur la progression du cycle cellulaire, sur la distribution cellulaire d’APE1 et d’identifier la cystéine(s) d’APE1 cible(s) de la réduction par GAPDH. Nos travaux de recherche ont montré que la déficience en GAPDH cause un arrêt du cycle cellulaire en phase G1. Cet arrêt est probablement dû à l’accumulation des dommages engendrant un retard au cours duquel la cellule pourra réparer son ADN. De plus, nous avons observé des foci nucléaires dans les cellules déficientes en GAPDH qui peuvent représenter des agrégats d’APE1 sous sa forme oxydée ou bien des focis de la protéine inactive au niveau des lésions d’ADN. Nous avons utilisé la mutagénèse dirigée pour créer des mutants (Cys en Ala) des sept cystéines d’APE1 qui ont été cloné dans un vecteur d’expression dans les cellules de mammifères. Nous émettons l’hypothèse qu’au moins un mutant ou plus va être résistant à l’inactivation par oxydation puisque l’alanine ne peut pas s’engager dans la formation des ponts disulfures. Par conséquent, on anticipe que l’expression de ce mutant dans les cellules déficientes en GAPDH pourrait restaurer une distribution cellulaire normale de APE1, libérerait les cellules de l’arrêt en phase G1 et diminuerait la sensibilité aux agents endommageant l’ADN. En conclusion, il semble que GAPDH, en préservant l’activité d’APE1, joue un nouveau rôle pour maintenir l’intégrité génomique des cellules aussi bien dans les conditions normales qu’en réponse au stress oxydatif. / Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are highly mutagenic DNA lesions occurring either spontaneously or by the action of DNA damaging agents. In human cells, AP sites are processed by the major DNA repair enzyme APE1 through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. APE1 is a multifunctional protein that has AP endonuclease/3’-diesterase activities in addition to its role as a redox factor in activating many transcription factor. Recently, it has been shown that APE1 interacts with the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an interaction that results in the activation of APE1 by reduction. Interestingly, depletion of GAPDH sensitized the cells to DNA damaging agents and induced an increase in spontaneous AP sites frequency. Moreover, cells knocked-down for GAPDH showed defects in proliferation. Here we set up to investigate the effects of GAPDH knockdown on cell cycle progression, APE1 subcellular localization and to identify the cysteine residue(s) of APE1, target(s) of GAPDH reduction. Our studies showed that GAPDH deficient cells arrested in G1 phase of the cell cycle. The defect in cell cycle progression is most probably due to accumulation of DNA damage which activates checkpoints leading to a delay in the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. Furthermore, in GAPDH deficient cells, APE1 formed nuclear foci-like structures that could represent aggregates of the oxidized form of APE1 or inactive APE1 foci on DNA lesions. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we created seven APE1 cysteine to alanine mutants which were cloned into a mammalian expression vector. We expect that at least one of these mutants is likely to resist the inactivation by oxidation as it cannot engage in disulfide bridge formation. Therefore, the expression of this mutant(s) in GAPDH knockdown cells is expected to restore a normal APE1 cellular distribution, rescue the cell cycle defects, and render the cells less sensitive to DNA damaging agents. In conclusion, our results show a new role of GAPDH in maintaining genomic stability under oxidative stress by maintaining APE1 in its functional state.

Les sites apuriniques/apyrimidiniques (AP) sont des sites de l’ADN hautement mutagène. Les dommages au niveau de ces sites peuvent survenir spontanément ou être induits par une variété d’agents. Chez l’humain, les sites AP sont réparés principalement par APE1, une enzyme de réparation de l’ADN qui fait partie de la voie de réparation par excision de base (BER). APE1 est une enzyme multifonctionnelle; c’est une AP endonucléase, 3’-diestérase et un facteur redox impliqué dans l’activation des facteurs de transcription. Récemment, il a été démontré qu’APE1 interagit avec l’enzyme glycolytique GAPDH. Cette interaction induit l’activation d’APE1 par réduction. En outre, la délétion du gène GAPDH sensibilise les cellules aux agents endommageant l’ADN, induit une augmentation de formation spontanée des sites AP et réduit la prolifération cellulaire. A partir de toutes ces données, il était donc intéressant d’étudier l’effet de la délétion de GAPDH sur la progression du cycle cellulaire, sur la distribution cellulaire d’APE1 et d’identifier la cystéine(s) d’APE1 cible(s) de la réduction par GAPDH. Nos travaux de recherche ont montré que la déficience en GAPDH cause un arrêt du cycle cellulaire en phase G1. Cet arrêt est probablement dû à l’accumulation des dommages engendrant un retard au cours duquel la cellule pourra réparer son ADN. De plus, nous avons observé des foci nucléaires dans les cellules déficientes en GAPDH qui peuvent représenter des agrégats d’APE1 sous sa forme oxydée ou bien des focis de la protéine inactive au niveau des lésions d’ADN. Nous avons utilisé la mutagénèse dirigée pour créer des mutants (Cys en Ala) des sept cystéines d’APE1 qui ont été cloné dans un vecteur d’expression dans les cellules de mammifères. Nous émettons l’hypothèse qu’au moins un mutant ou plus va être résistant à l’inactivation par oxydation puisque l’alanine ne peut pas s’engager dans la formation des ponts disulfures. Par conséquent, on anticipe que l’expression de ce mutant dans les cellules déficientes en GAPDH pourrait restaurer une distribution cellulaire normale de APE1, libérerait les cellules de l’arrêt en phase G1 et diminuerait la sensibilité aux agents endommageant l’ADN. En conclusion, il semble que GAPDH, en préservant l’activité d’APE1, joue un nouveau rôle pour maintenir l’intégrité génomique des cellules aussi bien dans les conditions normales qu’en réponse au stress oxydatif. / Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are highly mutagenic DNA lesions occurring either spontaneously or by the action of DNA damaging agents. In human cells, AP sites are processed by the major DNA repair enzyme APE1 through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. APE1 is a multifunctional protein that has AP endonuclease/3’-diesterase activities in addition to its role as a redox factor in activating many transcription factor. Recently, it has been shown that APE1 interacts with the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an interaction that results in the activation of APE1 by reduction. Interestingly, depletion of GAPDH sensitized the cells to DNA damaging agents and induced an increase in spontaneous AP sites frequency. Moreover, cells knocked-down for GAPDH showed defects in proliferation. Here we set up to investigate the effects of GAPDH knockdown on cell cycle progression, APE1 subcellular localization and to identify the cysteine residue(s) of APE1, target(s) of GAPDH reduction. Our studies showed that GAPDH deficient cells arrested in G1 phase of the cell cycle. The defect in cell cycle progression is most probably due to accumulation of DNA damage which activates checkpoints leading to a delay in the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. Furthermore, in GAPDH deficient cells, APE1 formed nuclear foci-like structures that could represent aggregates of the oxidized form of APE1 or inactive APE1 foci on DNA lesions. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we created seven APE1 cysteine to alanine mutants which were cloned into a mammalian expression vector. We expect that at least one of these mutants is likely to resist the inactivation by oxidation as it cannot engage in disulfide bridge formation. Therefore, the expression of this mutant(s) in GAPDH knockdown cells is expected to restore a normal APE1 cellular distribution, rescue the cell cycle defects, and render the cells less sensitive to DNA damaging agents. In conclusion, our results show a new role of GAPDH in maintaining genomic stability under oxidative stress by maintaining APE1 in its functional state.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

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A doença de Chagas afeta milhões de pessoas e os fármacos existentes não são seguros e apresentam eficácia limitada. Muitos produtos naturais mostraram efeitos inibitórios contra uma enzima importante para a sobrevivência do Trypanosoma cruzi, a gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase (GAPDH). Dentre esses produtos naturais destacam-se aqueles da classe dos flavonoides, sendo que um deles, o tilirosídeo, mostrou-se interessante por inibir a enzima com valores de IC50 e Ki iguais a 46 e 25 µM, respectivamente, além de ter sido eficaz contra a cepa do T. cruzi resistente a fármacos (cepa Y) mostrando um valor de IC50 igual a 770 µM. Com objetivo de identificar novos potenciais inibidores da TcGAPDH baseados no tilirosídeo foram empregados métodos computacionais nos quais combinaram-se duas diferentes estratégias: os ensaios virtuais baseados na estrutura do ligante (LBVS) e os ensaios virtuais baseados na estrutura do receptor (SBVS). Os compostos que se ajustaram ao sítio catalítico da enzima e preditos para interagir de forma efetiva com o alvo foram adquiridos e testados contra a TcGAPDH. Os estudos de inibição enzimática foram realizados utilizando as técnicas de calorimetria de titulação isotérmica e espectroscopia de fluorescência obtendo como resultados as constantes de inibição dos compostos selecionados e seus modos de inibição. Dois flavonoides, o Nequimed 214 e o Nequimed 215 inibiram a TcGAPDH na mesma grandeza que o composto de partida, o tilirosídeo, mas como possuem cerca da metade da massa molecular, houve grande aumento da eficiência do ligante. A partir dessa informação, foram selecionados uma segunda geração de compostos preditos a interagir com a TcGAPDH. Deste modo, foram adquiridos bioisósteros de flavonoides que foram testados contra essa enzima, sendo que dois dos mesmos mostraram-se ativos e com alta eficiência do ligante. Foram adquiridos também compostos pertencentes à classe das hidantoínas, rodaninas, tio-hidantoínas e pirrolidina-2,4-dionas sendo que muitos dos mesmos foram ativos e mostraram os maiores valores de eficiência do ligante já relatados para a TcGAPDH, tornando-os excelentes candidatos para otimização molecular. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que vários inibidores possuem inibição não competitiva com relação ao substrato G3P. Os inibidores mais potentes foram testados contra a GAPDH de humanos e não foi verificada seletividade relevante. / Chagas disease affects millions of people worldwide. The available drugs are not safe and show limited efficacy. Many natural products inhibit the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an important Trypanosoma cruzi enzyme. Among them, flavonoids have stood out and one of them, the tiliroside, inhibited the enzyme with IC50 and Ki values of 46 and 25 µM, respectively. Furthermore, unpublished results showed that this compound was effective against the drug-resistant strain of T. cruzi (Y strain) with IC50 value of 770 µM. In order to select potential inhibitors of TcGAPDH based on the tiliroside structure, computational methods were used combining two different strategies, the ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) and the structure-based virtual screening (SBVS). The compounds predicted to interact effectively with the target and fit into the active site of the enzyme were purchased and tested. Enzyme inhibition studies were performed using isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy from which the constants and mode of inhibition of the compounds were determined. Two of the tested flavonoids, Nequimed 214 and Nequimed 215, showed inhibition activity against TcGAPDH in the same magnitude values as the starting compound, the tiliroside, in spite of their lower molecular weight, thus greatly enhancing the ligand efficiency (LE). These data prompted us to search for some flavonoid bioisosters that were obtained and tested against this enzyme, and two of them proved to be active with high ligand efficiencies. We also purchased compounds belonging to the class of hydantoins, pyrrolidine-2,4-dione, thio-hydantoin and rhodanine. Many of them were active at low micromolar concentration range and exhibited the highest ligand efficiencies ever reported for this enzyme, therefore becoming excellent candidates for molecular optimization. The obtained results suggest that most of inhibitors tested behave as non-competitive inhibitors with respect to the G3P substrate. The most potent inhibitors were tested against human GAPDH and relevant selectivity was not observed.

A enzima glicossomal gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase (GAPDH) de Tripanosoma cruzi e os mutantes D210L e D210L-G213D foram expressos em E. coli, purificados e submetidos a ensaios de cinética enzimática e de cristalização. A enzima GAPDH tipo selvagem e o mutante D210L-G213D cristalizaram-se no grupo espacial P21 e os cristais apresentaram padrões de difração de raios-X de boa qualidade. A estrutura cristalográfica da enzima tipo selvagem foi determinada a 2.5 e 2.15 A de resolução, a partir de coletas de dados realizadas a 277 e 100 K respectivamente. Os fatores R cristalográficos finais dos refinamentos foram de 16.0% para a estrutura a 277 K e 18.8% para a estrutura a 100 K. A estrutura do mutante GAPDH D210L-G213D foi determinada a 2.15 A de resolução e refinada até um fator R cristalográfico de 18.9%. A comparação entre as estruturas da enzima tipo selvagem determinadas nas duas temperaturas levou a resultados interessantes no que diz respeito ao empacotamento cristalino. O resfriamento dos cristais provocou uma redução no volume da cela unitária de 10.5%, tendo a maior variação ocorrido no parâmetro de rede a (14.5%). A sobreposição das celas unitárias mostrou uma rotação do conteúdo da unidade assimétrica de cerca de 5 graus em torno de um eixo aproximadamente paralelo a b. Por outro lado, a análise das estruturas da enzima tipo selvagem e mutante, juntamente com os parâmetros cinéticos, permitiram a discussão a respeito de alguns detalhes do mecanismo catalítico da enzima, principalmente no que se refere ao papel do resíduo Arg249. Tal resíduo, que apresenta grande mobilidade conformacional de sua cadeia lateral, parece estar envolvido na etapa de reorientação de um dos intermediários durante o processo catalítico. / The glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Typanosoma cruzi and its mutants D210L and D210L-G213D were expressed in E. coli and purified, followed by kinetic and crystallization assays. Both wild type enzyme and D210L-G213D mutant were crystallized in P21 space group and the crystals presented good X-ray diffraction patterns. The three-dimensional structure of the wild type enzyme was determined at 2.5 and 2.15 A resolution from data collected at 277 and 100 K respectively. The structures were refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 16.0% for data collected at 277 K and 18.8% for those collected at 100 K. Also, the structure of the D210L-G213D mutant was solved at 2.15 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 18.9% with good geometry indicators. Comparison between the wild type enzyme structures solved at both temperatures led to interesting results concerning the crystal packing. Flash-cooled crystals presented a 10.5% shrink in the unit cell volume being the major reduction observed in the parameter a (14.5%). Superposition of the unit cells showed a global rotation of the asyrnmetric unit content of about 5 degrees around an axis approximately parallel to b. On the other hand, the analysis of the wild type and mutant enzyme structures, together with the kinetic parameters, allowed a discussion about some catalytic mecanism details, mainly the role of the Arg249 residue. The results showed that this residue might be involved in the reorientation of one of the intermediates during the catalytic process.

Mais de 25% das mortes em humanos são causadas por doenças infecciosas. Muitas dessas doenças são emergentes e de importância zoonótica. A leptospirose é considerada uma das mais importantes doenças zoonóticas emergentes. Sua distribuição global e seu potencial epidêmico constituem um problema de Saúde Pública. Estima-se que ocorram anualmente 1.03 milhão de casos e 58.900 mortes por leptospirose em todo o mundo, mas, em se tratando de uma doença negligenciada, a real prevalência da doença é subestimada. O Rattus norvegicus é o principal reservatório associado a epidemias urbanas. Leptospiras possuem a capacidade de aderir às células dos túbulos renais e interagem com muitos componentes da matriz extracelular do hospedeiro, o que facilita a invasão e colonização. Possuem também mecanismos de evasão ao sistema complemento do hospedeiro. A identificação destes mecanismos tem sido alvo de pesquisas desenvolvidas por vários grupos. Enolase e Gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase (GAPDH) pertencem à categoria de proteínas conhecidas como proteínas moonlighting. Estas englobam um grupo de proteínas multifuncionais. Enolases são metaloenzimas citossólicas que catalisam a conversão de 2-D-fosfo-glicerato em fosfoenolpiruvato. Apesar de não possuírem sequência clássica de ancoragem à membrana, são encontradas na superfície de uma variedade de células eucarióticas e procarióticas, tendo a capacidade de interagir com plasminogênio. GAPDH é uma enzima da via glicolítica responsável pela conversão de gliceraldeído 3-fosfato em D glicerato 1,3-bifosfato. Estudos recentes mostram que a GAPDH tem múltiplas funções independentes do seu papel no metabolismo de energia. Neste trabalho demonstrou-se que GAPDH de Leptospira está localizada na superfície da bactéria, e que tanto GAPDH como enolase interagem com plasminogênio, o qual é convertido em sua forma ativa, a plasmina, na presença do ativador exógeno uPA. A capacidade da plasmina gerada sobre a enolase de clivar substratos fisiológicos foi testada. A cadeia β do fibrinogênio foi totalmente degradada, e a molécula vitronectina parcialmente clivada em fragmentos de 61- 64 kDa. Ainda, mostrou-se que a enolase interage com os reguladores do complemento C4BP e FH. Ambos os reguladores permanecem funcionais, agindo como co-fatores de Fator I na degradação de C3b (FH) e C4b (C4BP). No que diz respeito à GAPDH, os dados claramente mostram que a plasmina ligada à GAPDH degrada as cadeias α e β do fibrinogênio, assim como a isoforma de 75 kDa da vitronectina, de forma tempodependente. Ainda, na presença de GAPDH, a plasmina degradou totalmente a cadeia α de C5, mas não degradou C3b. Por fim, resultados obtidos por Far Western Blot revelam que GAPDH interage com C1q, molécula-chave da via clássica do sistema complemento, e também com fibronectina plasmática, podendo, portanto, contribuir para a adesão da bactéria durante a colonização do hospedeiro. Em suma, no presente estudo caracterizamos duas novas proteínas moonlighting de Leptospira: enolase e GAPDH. A caracterização funcional destas proteínas, assim como a identificação das moléculas-alvo do hospedeiro com as quais essas proteínas são capazes de interagir, podem contribuir para a compreensão dos mecanismos de invasão, disseminação e evasão imune utilizados por leptospiras patogênicas. / More than 25% of human deaths are caused by infectious diseases, among which a large number are emerging and of zoonotic importance. Leptospirosis is considered one of the most important emerging zoonotic diseases. Its global distribution and its epidemic potential constitute a Public Health problem. It is estimated that approximately 1,03 million cases and 58,900 deaths from leptospirosis occur annually worldwide, but as a neglected disease, its actual prevalence is underestimated. Rattus norvegicus is the main reservoir associated with urban epidemics. Leptospires have the capacity to adhere to renal tubule cells which facilitates invasion and colonization. They also have mechanisms to evade the host\'s complement system. The identification of these mechanisms has been the object of research developed by several groups. Enolase and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) belong to the category of proteins known as moonlighting proteins. These encompass a group of multifunctional proteins. Enolases are cytosolic metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of 2-D-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Although they do not have a classic membrane anchor sequence, they are found on the surface of a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and have the capacity to interact with plasminogen. GAPDH is an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway responsible for the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-glyceryl 1,3-bisphosphate. Recent studies show that GAPDH has multiple functions independent of its role in energy metabolism. In this work we demonstrated that Leptospira GAPDH is located on the surface of the bacterium, and that both GAPDH and enolase interact with plasminogen, which is converted into its active form, plasmin, in the presence of the exogenous activator uPA. The capacity of plasmin-bound enolase to cleave physiological substrates was tested. The β-chain of fibrinogen was totally degraded, and vitronectin was partially cleaved into fragments of 61-64 kDa. Further, enolase interacts with the complement regulators C4BP and FH. Both regulators remain functional, acting as cofactors for Factor I on the degradation of C3b (FH) and C4b (C4BP). With regard to GAPDH, the date clearly show that plasmin bound to GAPDH degrades the α and β chains of fibrinogen as well as the 75-kDa isoform of vitronectin, in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, in the presence of GAPDH, plasmin totally degraded C5 α-chain, but did not degrade C3b. Finally, our Far Western Blot data reveal that GAPDH interacts with C1q, a key molecule of the classical pathway of the complement system, and also interacts with plasma fibronectin, and may therefore contribute to bacterial adhesion during host colonization. Briefly, in the present study we characterized two novel moonlighting proteins of Leptospira: enolase and GAPDH. The functional characterization of these proteins, as well as the identification of the host target molecules with which these proteins are capable of interacting, may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of invasion, dissemination and immune evasion used by pathogenic leptospires.

A doença de Chagas representa um grave problema de saúde em regiões endêmicas que vão desde o sul dos Estados Unidos até a Argentina. O protozoário tripanossomatídeo Trypanosoma cruzi é o agente causador dessa devastadora doença, que afeta milhões de pessoas. Existem em torno de 10 milhões de indivíduos contaminados e pelo menos 25 milhões de pessoas vivem em locais riscos de infecção. Os dois medicamentos, o nifurtimox e o benzonidazol, apresentam sérios efeitos colaterais além de se mostrarem ineficazes na fase crônica da doença. Esse triste perfil, felizmente, tem se alterado com recentes avanços que levaram o ravuconazol, pozaconazol e K11777 para estudos em fase clínica. Com base em seu papel fundamental no ciclo do T. cruzi, a sexta enzima da via glicolítica, a gliceraldeído 3-fosfato desidrogenase (GAPDH) vem sendo considerada um alvo promissor para a descoberta e o desenvolvimento de novos agentes quimioterápicos para o tratamento da doença de Chagas. É amplamente conhecida a importância do planejamento de compostos tanto por método baseado na estrutura do alvo quanto do ligante. A docagem molecular foi usada para a seleção inicial dos compostos para o teste biocalorimétrico, e a partir dessa estratégia foi possível, de 25 compostos. Os parâmetros cinéticos da catálise da TcGAPDH foram determinados (KM = 10,51 ± 0,91 µM, Vmax = 4,18 ± 0,09 x 10-4 mM s-1 e kcat = 85,88 ± 3,22 s-1). Os experimentos cinéticos por ITC possibilitou na identificação de cinco compostos bioativos, sendo três com constante de inibição abaixo de 100 µM (13,21 ± 0,88, 35,00 ± 1,70 e 78,45 ± 2,69 µM). Processos de simulação de dinâmica molecular foram aplicados para a predição do modo de interação dos três compostos com Ki app menores que 100 µM. / Chagas disease is a serious health problem in endemic regions ranging from the southern the United States to Argentina. The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of this devastating disease that affects millions of people. Exist about 10 million people infected and at least 25 million people live in risk of local infection. There are only two drugs used to treat Chagas disease during acute phase and it show harmful side effects. This gloomy outlook has changed due to major advances in research of anti-trypanosomatid agents; an example is posaconazole, ravuconazole and K11777 both, which currently is in clinical phase. A promising target that is receiving considerable attention is the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.12) a key protein in the glycolytic pathway of trypanosomatids. SBVS methods were used for the selection of 25 compounds and these were assayed against GAPDH using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. The kinetic parameters of catalysis were determined TcGAPDH (KM = 10.91 ± 0.91 µM, Vmax = 4.18 ± 0.09 x 10-4 mM s-1 and kcat = 85.88 ± 3.22 s-1). The kinetic experiments by ITC allowed the identification of five bioactive compounds, three with inhibition constant below 100 µM. Simulation process of molecular dynamics were applied to predict the mode of interaction for the three compounds with Kiapp less than 100 µM.