The paper deals with the issue of the export problems of Latvian food producers to Sweden. Theory on trading houses and the problems and obstacles that Latvian food producers have in exporting to Sweden are analyzed. Subsequently, the attitude of the Swedish gatekeepers towards the country of origin is studied. By validating Peng and Ilinich propositions in this context, paper contributes to the theory of trading houses as a way of overcoming trading obstacles in exporting.

<p>The paper deals with the issue of the export problems of Latvian food producers to Sweden.</p><p>Theory on trading houses and the problems and obstacles that Latvian food producers have in exporting to Sweden are analyzed. Subsequently, the attitude of the Swedish gatekeepers towards the country of origin is studied.</p><p>By validating Peng and Ilinich propositions in this context, paper contributes to the theory of trading houses as a way of overcoming trading obstacles in exporting.</p>

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Estudos Sociais Aplicados, Departamento de Ciência da Informação e Documentação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, 1999. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-12-21T18:34:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1999_CelesteMariadeOliveiraSantanasantana.pdf: 10173687 bytes, checksum: bc8a55bbeb672fe601cbca891d02d011 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva (patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2018-01-07T12:52:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1999_CelesteMariadeOliveiraSantanasantana.pdf: 10173687 bytes, checksum: bc8a55bbeb672fe601cbca891d02d011 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-07T12:52:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1999_CelesteMariadeOliveiraSantanasantana.pdf: 10173687 bytes, checksum: bc8a55bbeb672fe601cbca891d02d011 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-07 / Estudo dos canais de comunicação utilizados pela comunidade científica do dentro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - CPqGM/FIOCRUZ/BAHIA, para investigar como os cientistas se organizam e se comunicam entre si e com a comunidade externa, se existe um sistema perceptível de comunicação, os colégios invisíveis. Investiga, também, as barreiras no processo de comunicação e os seus efeitos, bem como a influência dos periódicos sobre a comunicação informal, na formação de pares e no desempenho dos "gatekeepers" da ciência com a utilização das novas tecnologias e na constituição de comunidades virtuais.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales acerca el proceso suicida en gatekeepers de atención primaria de la salud en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Para la presente investigación se utilizó el método cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico, y se analizó la información haciendo uso del análisis de contenido temático. Para tal fin se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a once trabajadores de atención primaria de la salud. Se encontró que las representaciones sociales con respecto al suicidio que tenían los participantes tendían a ser negativas, con presencia de estereotipos y, mitos o creencias falsas. Los temas encontrados están relacionados a la percepción del suicidio, a las características de las personas que deciden suicidarse, factores que influyen en el suicidio y a los sentimientos frente a situaciones suicidas. Se discuten los resultados a la luz del marco teórico y estudios empíricos. / The present study aims to analyze the social representations about the suicide process in primary health care gatekeepers in the city of Lima, Peru. For the present investigation, a qualitative method with phenomenological design was used, and the information was analyzed using the thematic content analysis. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven primary health care workers. It was found that the social representations regarding suicide that the participants had tended to be negative, with the presence of stereotypes and, myths or false beliefs. The themes found are related to the perception of suicide, the characteristics of people who decide to commit suicide, factors that influence suicide and feelings about suicidal situations. The results are discussed in light of the theoretical framework and empirical studies. / Tesis

<p> This research project is based on the increasing importance states like Canada and Singapore give to their gateway initiatives, marketing cities like Singapore and Vancouver, as bridges between the East - mainly understood as the People's Republic of China - and the West. I am interested in the everyday life changes developing in Singapore and Vancouver as a result of these gateway initiatives in the business and education sectors, notably when it comes to catering to international students and young professionals.</p> <p> In trying to understand how gateways between East and West are experienced in everyday life, I argue that these initiatives take meaning through the everyday actions of individuals and community associations embodying these gateways. More specifically, I am interested in the actions of what I call gatekeepers: Chinese community associations well established in Singapore and Vancouver that have to adapt, influence and appropriate these gateway initiatives.</p> <p> It is my contention that both gateway projects in Singapore and Vancouver, Canada are based on neo-liberal assumptions with respect to profiting economically from a specific international context in which the economic rise of China is marketed to the West. The stories of community associations and individuals are giving to these projects specific nuances and goals that reflect both broader trends in the international political economy, such as the use of international education to migrate to Western countries, and smaller perspectives, such as transnational survival strategies of families. </p> <p> In this dissertation, I examine more thoroughly the structural limitations neo-liberal assumptions of these gateway projects create on: who is seen as a desirable migrant for/at the gateway, how community associations ought to adapt to stay relevant within these gateways and how exclusions are created along identity lines and privilege assumed within a neo-liberal framework.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Tesis (magíster en derecho, mención derecho económico) / El presente trabajo tiene por objeto entregar un marco teórico general entorno a la actuación, los deberes de monitoreo y control que ejercen auditores externos, analistas financieros, agentes colocadores de valores, agencias clasificadoras de riesgo y asesores legales externos de las sociedades cotizadas en el mercado de valores. Pese a la distinta naturaleza de los servicios profesionales que estos agentes prestan, comparten elementos comunes que permiten agruparlos bajo una denominación común: gatekeepers1. Bajo este término, la doctrina norteamericana agrupa a una serie de profesionales externos de las sociedades anónimas abiertas, que con ocasión de la prestación de sus servicios profesionales ejercen un control privado sobre éstas. En el Capítulo I analizaremos los orígenes del término gatekeeper, su alcance en el ámbito de los mercados de valores y los elementos esenciales que los caracterizan. Asimismo, revisaremos como la estructura de propiedad accionaria predominante en un mercado de capitales determinado repercute en las labores de monitoreo y en la capacidad de prevenir y detectar el fraude corporativo por parte de estos actores privados. En el Capítulo II describiremos como el escándalo corporativo protagonizado por la empresa Enron en Estados Unidos dejó al descubierto una serie de falencias en la actuación de los gatekeepers y cómo a partir de dicho fraude el perfeccionamiento en el desempeño de estos agentes ha marcado la agenda regulatoria del mercado de valores norteamericano. Sobre este punto, revisaremos las principales reformas introducidas por la ley de valores estadounidense conocida como la “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”. El Capítulo III se centrará en el mercado de valores Chileno y en una descripción de la actual regulación a que están sujetos los gatekeepers en el país. Como veremos, pese a las importantes reformas legislativas introducidas en estos últimos años tendientes a perfeccionar y profundizar el mercado de capitales chileno, el estudio, la revisión y adecuación de la normativa que rige a los gatekeepers, en especial la relativa a los auditores externos, sigue siendo una tarea pendiente. Finalmente, en el Capítulo IV esbozaremos los principales aspectos entorno al régimen de responsabilidad civil extracontractual que puede dar origen la actuación profesional de los gatekeepers y los distintos modelos de responsabilidad propuestos para ellos por la doctrina norteamericana.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur musikbolagen skapar ett varumärke kring deras artister. Frågeställningarna kretsar kring varumärkesskapande, hur samarbetet mellan kvinnliga artister och musikbolagen de tillhör ser ut i de olika stadierna av artisternas karriärer. Jag ställde mig också frågan hur mycket artisternas karriärer påverkas av att de är kvinnor och hur relationen mellan sociala medier, artister och musikbolagen ser ut.    Uppsatens fokus ligger till största del på den svenska musikindustrin men eftersom båda musikbolagen rör sig utanför Sverige, fanns den internationella marknaden i bakgrunden under studiens gång.    Den metod som valts för denna uppsats var den kvalitativa forsknings intervjun. Det skedde tre stycken intervjuer med fyra kvinnor inom musikbranschen och som jobbar på den musikbolag som är fokuset för denna studie. De musikbolag som besöktes var Playground Music, Universal Music Group och MTA Production. Intervjuerna var uppbyggda kring varumärkesskapandet kring en artist, hur man skapar en långsiktig karriär, sociala mediers betydelse för artister idag och hur kvinnliga artisters karriärer ser ut.    Resultatet blev en tydligare bild kring hur musikbolagen jobbar med artister i stort samt vad de tyckte var viktigt att tänka på som musikbolag och artist. Playground Music och Universal Music skiljer sig i storlek men i grunden vill de båda samma sak: att ge en röst och en plattform för kreativa artister.

Financial experts from various financial institutions are often seen in media. Media’s objec-tive towards the society is to report occurring events of interest to its audience. Media ap-pearances through giving expert opinions, is for financial institutions costless and a reason-ably effective way of promoting their top analysts and strategically position their firms. For the financial institutions, there exists competition for being allowed to participate and give expert reports when media is in need for a comment, and therefore a media strategy is con-sidered required. The purpose, used as guidance in this thesis, is to describe the Swedish financial media en-vironment and analyze why certain financial institutions are more active than others. The method when conducting research in this thesis is a combination of both an inductive and deductive approach. The underlying factor behind this choice, rests in the strive to ful-fill the purpose in most satisfying manner and receive as valid and reliable data as possible. The study also uses both quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical research in media companies’ databases and interviews with persons with key positions at the financial insti-tutions has been conducted. The thesis stresses the fact that the broadcasting companies approach strategies towards the Swedish financial industry differently. However, this thesis proves that another reality governs. In truth, all the broadcasting companies have common references for the most appealing financial expert when asking for expert opinions. The financial institution’s standpoints differ in the area of media appearance. The thesis concludes that financial institutions with the most prominent desire to participate and comment a broad range of financial segments in media are proved to be successful in this area. In general though, as a financial institution on the Swedish market, this thesis shows no correlation between having an outspoken media strategy and being successful in this field. This thesis concludes that when discussing which financial institutions that is more suc-cessful than others, the size of the company is important to take into consideration. The study has also proved that financial experts, often equivalent with the analyst, are appeared to be vital for any financial institution in order to succeed in media.

<p>Financial experts from various financial institutions are often seen in media. Media’s objec-tive towards the society is to report occurring events of interest to its audience. Media ap-pearances through giving expert opinions, is for financial institutions costless and a reason-ably effective way of promoting their top analysts and strategically position their firms. For the financial institutions, there exists competition for being allowed to participate and give expert reports when media is in need for a comment, and therefore a media strategy is con-sidered required. The purpose, used as guidance in this thesis, is to describe the Swedish financial media en-vironment and analyze why certain financial institutions are more active than others. The method when conducting research in this thesis is a combination of both an inductive and deductive approach. The underlying factor behind this choice, rests in the strive to ful-fill the purpose in most satisfying manner and receive as valid and reliable data as possible. The study also uses both quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical research in media companies’ databases and interviews with persons with key positions at the financial insti-tutions has been conducted. The thesis stresses the fact that the broadcasting companies approach strategies towards the Swedish financial industry differently. However, this thesis proves that another reality governs. In truth, all the broadcasting companies have common references for the most appealing financial expert when asking for expert opinions. The financial institution’s standpoints differ in the area of media appearance. The thesis concludes that financial institutions with the most prominent desire to participate and comment a broad range of financial segments in media are proved to be successful in this area. In general though, as a financial institution on the Swedish market, this thesis shows no correlation between having an outspoken media strategy and being successful in this field. This thesis concludes that when discussing which financial institutions that is more suc-cessful than others, the size of the company is important to take into consideration. The study has also proved that financial experts, often equivalent with the analyst, are appeared to be vital for any financial institution in order to succeed in media.</p>

This study investigates the digital lifeworlds of rural and urban 13- to 18-year old young people in an African, specifically Nigerian, context. Children and young people’s digital lifeworlds and practices with technology in the global North is well researched and documented. By contrast, research focusing on their counterparts, particularly pre-teens’ and teenagers’ digital practices and participation in Africa is still largely limited and exploratory; and the field underdeveloped. This is more so despite the important role played by digital communication technologies in children and young people’s everyday life. Privileging the use of a mixed methods approach, this study conducted 16 focus group discussions with 175 participants and a survey of 380 respondents in public and private schools sampled across two of Nigeria’s major geopolitical zones. Supported by the child-centred approach and the domestication framework by Silverstone, Hirsch and Morley (1992), the study provides a multi-layered portrait of the ways in which Nigerian teens access, understand, work and play with and negotiate the digital technologies that are available to them. The study also broadly pays attention to how young people constitute their digital lives and the role played by contextual dynamics and community networks such as family, school and others. It was found that young people in Nigeria have a considerable access to and are predominantly using mobile phones and the Internet (via the ‘mobile internet’). However, this did not preclude the divides and marginalities between children from dissimilar social backgrounds. Teens’ significant outcomes with technology mostly centre around the need for communication and interaction with friends first, and then family. They also primarily use technology to cultivate and maintain their peer culture, for self-care, dealing with mental wellbeing, and as a critical resource for education and information-seeking. Nigerian children’s digital practices are substantially shaped and at the same time undermined by various mediators or digital gatekeepers. These include parents, teachers, guardians and older adults who are presented mostly as prohibitors and moral panic mongers. Issues such as the absence of digital literacy and skill on the part of the children, their parents and teachers also limit the teens’ agency and digital opportunities and result in unchecked risks such as access to pornography, meeting online with strangers/online grooming, distractions, identity issues/negative role modelling. Moreover, the opportunities and benefits of technology in children’s lives remain precarious, stratified and complex. This study attempts to place children’s digital lifeworlds in its wider socio-spatial context and experience, contributing an important dimension to children’s digital practices, especially as there exists a resonant paucity of and apathy towards research and scholarship in children and media studies in Africa. Techno-shaming children into silence, fear, scepticism, guilt or moral panic is a common, but flawed strategy. Instead, it is suggested that government, schools and families should reconsider the precarious subjective-subordinate and marginalised position of young people and allow them the agency to contribute to decisions relating to their digital lives. Adult decision makers must focus on expanding Nigerian teens’ digital opportunities and rights. There is equally the need to develop resources that might help empower parents, families and adults by providing knowledge of the opportunities and risks of the digital age.